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(Revised 7-26-56) Pursuant to this alert, the Air Pollution Control Officer may impose limitations as to the general operation of vehicles as provided in Rule 154.1, permitting limited operation essential to accommodate industry, business, public utility and other services as may be necessary in the public welfare.

d. (Adopted 6-20-55) In the event the control measures made effective under paragraph c. above prove to be inadequate to control the increase in the concentration of air contaminants, the Air Pollution Control Officer, with the advice of the Emergency Action Committee and with the concurrence of the Air Pollution Control Board shall take such steps as he may deem necessary to assure adequate control of existing air contaminants and to protect the health and safety of the public, but, if possible, without employing such drastic remedial measures as to completely disrupt the economic life of the community or to result in irreparable injury to any form of production, manufacture or business.

(Revised 7-26-56) The Air Pollution Control Officer may, with the concurrence of the Air Pollution Control Board, order the closing of any industrial, commercial or business establishment and stop all vehicular traffic, except authorized emergency vehicles as defined in the California Vehicle Code, vehicles used in public transportation and vehicles the operation of which is necessary for the protection of the health and welfare of the public, if, in the opinion of the Air Pollution Control Officer, the continued operation of such establishment or vehicle contributes to the further concentration of any air contaminant, the concentration of which caused the declaration of the "alert''.

(Revised 7-26-56) The Air Pollution Control Officer, during a Second Alert, shall keep the public suitably informed of all significant changes in the concentration of toxic air contaminants.

e. (Adopted 9-28-61) In the event that the Air Pollution Control Officer determines that the public health and safety is in danger, the Emergency Action Committee and the Air Pollution Control Board may take any action authorized by this rule with less than a quorum present. A majority vote of the members present is required for any such action.

RULE 159. (Revised 7-26-56) THIRD ALERT. This is a dangerous health hazard alert and shall be declared when an air contaminant has been verified to have reached the standards set forth for the ''Third Alert'' in Rule 156.

The following action shall be taken upon the calling of the Third Alert:

a. (Adopted 6-20-55) The actions set forth in Rules 157 and

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158, and

b. (Adopted 6-20-55) If it appears that the steps taken by the Air Pollution Control Officer will be inadequate to cope with the emergency, the Air Pollution Control Board shall request the Governor to declare that a state of emergency exists and to take appropriate actions as set forth in the California Disaster Act.

RULE 160. (Revised 7-26-56) END OF ALERT. The Air Pollution Control Officer shall declare the termination of the appropriate alert whenever the concentration of an air contaminant which caused the declaration of such alert has been verified to have fallen below the standards set forth in Rule 156 for the calling of such alert and the available scientific and meteorological data indicates that the concentration of such air contaminant will not immediately increase again so as to reach the standards set forth for such alert in Rule 156. The Air Pollution Control Officer shall immediately communicate the declaration of the termination of the alert in the manner provided in Rule 155.1 for the declaration of alerts. The Sheriff shall broadcast the termination of the alert in the same manner as provided in Rule 155.1 for the declaration of alerts.

RULE 161. (Revised 7-26-56) ENFORCEMENT. When an ''alert'' has been called the Air Pollution Control Officer, the Sheriff, their deputies, and all other peace officers within the Basin shall enforce the appropriate provisions of this regulation and all orders of the Air Pollution Control Board or the Air Pollution Control Officer made pursuant to this regulation against any person who, having knowledge of the declaration of an alert, refuses to comply with the rules set forth in this regulation or any order of the Air Pollution Control Board or the Air Pollution Control Officer made pursuant to this regulation.

RULE 163. (Revised 7-26-56) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE. A Scientific Committee shall be appointed by the Air Pollution Control Board. Members shall be licensed physicians, medical scientists, biologists, chemists, engineers, or meteorologists, each of whom has had experience in air pollution control work, or other experts with scientific training.

(Adopted 6-20-55) The Air Pollution Control Officer and the County Counsel shall be ex-officio members of the Scientific Committee.

(Adopted 6-20-55) The term of appointment of all members except the ex-officio members shall be two (2) years. The Scientific Committee shall act through a majority. There shall be at least fifteen (15) members on the Committee.

The Scientific Committee shall have the following duties:

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a. (Revised 7-26-56) Study and recommend. The Scientific Committee shall study and make recommendations to the Air Pollution Control Board of the most suitable methods for measurement of air contaminants and on any changes recommended for the concentrations set forth in RULE 156. The Air Pollution Control Board may adopt such recommended changes for the concentrations of toxic air contaminants for each alert staged by amendment to RULE 156.

b. (Adopted 6-20-55) Consult. The Scientific Committee shall serve in a consultant advisory capacity to the Air Pollution Control Officer concerning any air pollution health problem which may arise. The Scientific Committee shall also advise the Air Pollution Board on any recommended changes in this emergency regulation which will provide greater protection of the health and welfare of all persons within the Air Pollution Control District.

RULE 164. (Revised 9-28-61) EMERGENCY ACTION COMMITTEE. An Emergency Action Committee shall be appointed by the Air Pollution Control Board. The Committee shall be composed of ten (10) appointed members and of these members two shall be experts with scientific training or knowledge in air pollution matters, two shall be licensed physicians, two shall be representatives of industry, two shall be representatives of law enforcement, and two shall be members of the public at large.

The County Health Officer, the Sheriff, and the County Counsel shall be ex-officio members of the Committee. In the absence of an ex-officio member, his deputy may act for him.

years.

The term of appointment of appointed members shall be two

The duties of the Emergency Action Committee shall be to meet with the Air Pollution Control Officer when called into session, to evaluate data, and to advise the Air Pollution Control Officer as to the appropriate action to be taken when the concentration of any of the contaminants set forth in Rule 156 has been verified to be approaching the standards set forth in Rule 156 for a Second Alert.

The Committee shall meet when called into session and not less than every three months.

Mr. FULLER. We will be introducing some other documents, at the close, Mr. Chairman.

Senator TYDINGS. This is an impressive document.

Mr. FULLER. To meet the needs of the press and public for information on this complex technical and scientific problem, we maintain a public information and education division.

Senator TYDINGS. I notice in the initial part of your statement you said it cost Los Angeles County and the State of California many thousands of dollars. The inference I drew was that the Federal Power Commission was resisting the needs to bring in the natural gas to the Los Angeles area sufficient for the need. Would you elaborate a little on this?

Mr. FULLER. Yes, sir. We, the county of Los Angeles, intervened in competing applications before the Federal Power Commission. There were three companies involved-Transwestern, El Paso, and Gulf Pacific. The application was made by the Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles and the Edison Co. and it was for the independent supply of natural gas to be brought into those powerplant operations. These hearings extended, if my memory serves me correctly, about 3 years, and one of the applicants has gone into the district court in Washington to further pursue this matter.

In July of 1966 the Federal Power Commission issued its opinion No. 500 which denied the application of Gulf Pacific and granted some additional gas to both El Paso and Transwestern. These are the companies which presently supply the Pacific lighting group and seven counties, and Southern California Gas Co.

There was an increase, not sufficient, of course, to provide for full year-round supply of natural gas.

Senator TYDINGS. As I gather, then, the dragging of the feet by the Federal Power Commission in refusing to permit the proper amounts of natural gas into the Los Angeles County area is actually a contributing factor to air pollution in your area? Is that too harsh?

Mr. FULLER. The failure of the applicants to get the sufficient quantity of natural gas certainly is a contributing factor to air pollution. However, the Federal Power Commission and its staff feel that the use of natural gas as boiler fuel is an inferior use and there is also, of course, some apprehension, I am sure, as to just how much is left in the ground.

Senator TYDINGS. You mean there is a possibility that there is not enough natural gas in the ground to go around?

Mr. FULLER. I don't want to speak for the Commission, but I have read enough of the briefs of the staff to know that their feeling is that this is certainly an inferior use of natural gas for boiler fuel in such tremendous quantities and that the Commission has suggested that perhaps there should be some further investigation of the production of electricity by thermonuclear rather than to depend upon the natural gasline.

Recently, there was another application, which was unsuccessful, I believe, which included the Con Edison in New York City. We intervened, Mr. Chairman. We spent some 3 years preparing all of the types of material which you are certainly familiar with in these hearings-briefs, reply briefs, and then we testified personally here for some months before the Commission. But we were not an applicant.

Los Angeles County simply intervened in an attempt to secure gas without favoring any one of the particular companies.

Information on air pollution developments is disseminated promptly to the public and media, and thousands of inquiries are responded to during the year. Press releases, publications, films, and personal appearances of speakers before audiences as well as on radio and television are some of the means of communications employed. Our scientific and engineering personnel publish many technical papers, reports, and manuals, and participate in panels and other professional exchanges of information on the state of the art.

Our business management operation takes care of the rather volved housekeeping of such a diversified activity, and also handles the sums collected for permit fees, which go to the county general fund.

We began our stationary source control program by attacking the obvious: the burning dumps, smoking stacks, the dust and fume producers, the petroleum refineries. As we learned more about pollution and about control techniques, our control efforts reached further-incinerators went, we controlled metallurgical and chemical processes, rendering plants, and mineral processing. We investigated the possibility of changing the composition of gasoline to reduce smog, and we found that a change could be made that would help reduce eye irritation. As a consequence, we enacted a rule regulating the composition of all gasoline sold in Los Angeles County so as to minimize the eye-irritating quality of exhaust. This is our rule 63, the only such regulation in the world, and we believe that it has helped in slowing the increase of eye irritation.

We led the Nation in attacking the burning of fuel oil by powerplants and other large users of fuel. We enacted rule 62 which limits the burning of fuel oil during the warm months of the year. Twice, the effective dates for this rule have been expanded so that it now is in effect from April 15 through November 15 each year. During the colder months the natural gas supply is needed for heating; however, when we found that there was some gas available that was not needed for that purpose, we enacted rule 62.1 which requires that whenever gas is available in excess of the demands of firm users, such as homeowners, it shall be burned instead of fuel oil in industrial boilers. We are supporting every effort to obtain more gas so that all oil burning can end.

We found that organic solvents are a contributor to smog. These substances are used in paint and varnish, for drycleaning and degreasing, for printing, for container manufacture, for all types of surface coatings, and in some stage of the manufacture or packaging of almost every product. When these solvents dry, they evaporate into the atmosphere. We made a detailed study of the feasibility of controlling these emissions, as reported in nine volumes which I will file with the committee. Recently we enacted rule 66 to regulate these emissions. This is perhaps the most sophisticated and technically complex air pollution regulation that has ever been promulgated. We enjoyed excellent cooperation from the industrial community in drafting this regulation and in working out the means of implementing it. We are continually reviewing known sources and existing control standards to take advantage of new control techniques. We made a