5. What is meant by Conversion per Accidens, and Conversion by Contraposition? Convert the following Proposition: (a) Not all that run win a prize. (b) None but philosophers have experience of true pleasure. (c) Knowledge is power. 6. Is IEO a legitimate mood or not? Why is there any difficulty about it? 7. Construct syllogisms in Baroko and Fesapo, and reduce them by both methods. 8. Distinguish Cumulative Evidence from a Chain of Evidence; and explain the meaning of the statement that "Probable Evidence by being added to is also multiplied." 9. Distinguish Formal and Material Induction-Observation and Experiment-Example and AnalogyTrue and False Analogy. 10. Explain and give examples of the Method of Agreement, and the Method of Difference. 11. Compare the two True and two Fallacious forms of Hypothetical Syllogisms with the corresponding forms of Categorical Syllogisms. 12. Examine the arguments : (a) Insolence begets tyranny, therefore tyranny cannot last long. (b) Not all metals are solid; for Mercury is not solid, and it is a metal. (c) No beast so fierce but knows some touch of pity; but I know none, and therefore am no beast. (d) The Court of Chancery is a Court of Equity, therefore it must give an equitable decision. (e) As there are not in a city fifty good draughtplayers, a fortiori there are not fifty good kings. Therefore good government is when the few and not the many bear rule. XIII. FRENCH. 1. Translate into French : Voltaire's Louis XIV. From Les ancie nsrois de l'Europe... subsiste en Allemagne. ...to Parse prétendent, entière, pouvaient. 2. Translate into French : The war with France continued during the greatest part of this king's reign; but at length the treaty of Ryswick put an end to those contentions in which England had engaged without policy and came off without advantage. In the general pacification her interests seemed entirely deserted, and for all the treasures she had sent to the continent and all the blood she had shed there, the only equivalent she received was an acknowledgment of King William's title from the King of France. Give an account of the provisions of the treaty of Ryswick. 3. Translate into English : Louis XIV. From Louis XIV. espéra...... son fils roi des Romans. 4. Translate into French : to (1) How much have you paid for that coat of yours? (2) If that man had known how to turn his talents to account, he would long ere this have occupied some of the highest positions in the state. (3) They had had a good passage across the Atlantic, but their vessel having struck on a rock near the Land's End, they were shipwrecked. The crew launched a boat, but it was upset, and the unfortunate men were all drowned. For Honours in Classical and General Literature. I. ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS (EXCEPT iv., vii. 1-10, ix.) AND BUTLER'S SERMONS, i.—iii. 1. What value does Aristotle attach to (1) popular language, (2) general opinion, (3) the authority of philosophers, in determining Ethical questions? 2. Ἡ μεθόδος τούτων ἐφίεται πολιτική τις οὖσα. How far can traces of the close connexion here implied between Ethics and Politics be traced in Aristotle's Ethical theories? 3. In what way is the Argument from Final Causes employed in the Ethics, and by Bishop Butler? 4. "There are two ways in which the subject of morals may be treated." What are the two ways here referred to, and what are their respective merits? Compare them with the two methods described by Aristotle as ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν and ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς. 5. What are the points of analogy and points of difference between réx and ȧpern, and in what way does Aristotle refer to such points? 6. Discuss Aristotle's conception of νοῦς, ἐπιστήμη, φρόνησις, ἐπαγωγὴ, θεωρία, so far as it may be gathered from the Ethics. 7. What was Aristotle's view as to the connexion between (1) Virtue and Pleasure, (2) Happiness and External Goods. 8. What points of connexion can be traced between the discussion of Friendship in Book viii. and other parts of the Nicomachean Ethics? How would you account for the prominence assigned to this subject? 9. Examine the following statement: "The most palpable defect of Butler's system is that it affords no answer to the question, 'What is the distinguishing quality common to all right actions?' " 10. In what way do Aristotle and Bishop Butler describe the difference between the principles of action of Men and Brutes ? 11. What is Butler's view as to the true nature of selflove, and what misconceptions on this subject does he protest against? 12. Comment on the following passages : (α) ἔστιν ἡ κακία φθαρτικὴ ἀρχῆς : (β) τῶν δικαίων τὸ μάλιστα φιλικὸν εἶναι δοκεῖ. (ε) δέχεται τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ τὸ ἧττον καὶ τὰ ἕτερα τῷ εἴδει. (g) εὔλογον τοῖς εἰδόσι τῶν ζητούντων ἡδίω τὴν διγωγὴν εἶναι. Translate : Eth. x. c. 7, § 8. —From ‘0 dè toloûtos ầv ein Bios ..to ἀλλά τινος ἄλλου. II. LOGIC (CLASS). 1. What are the principal senses in which the words 'Form' and 'Formal' are used in Logic? 2. "There is no difference except in language between the Class theory of Predication and that of Hume," [Mill.] Examine this statement. 3. What is meant by Categories, and what is their use in Logic? Mention some of the principal lists of Categories that have been suggested. 4. Distinguish Metaphysical, Physical, Moral, and Logical Impossibility. 5. Explain and criticise the statement that all inference is from Particulars to Particulars. 6. What is the meaning of the following logical terms? Method of Concomitant Variations-Argumentum ad hominem Argumentum ad ignorantiam-Sophism -Sorites-Analysis and Synthesis. 7. In what way are Hypothesis, Observation, Experiment, subsidiary to the process of Induction? 8. What classifications have been proposed for the Fallacies? 9. What is meant by the Laws of Thought? What claim has the principle of Sufficient Reason to be considered as one of them? 10. What is meant by Quantification of the Predicate ? Discuss the question of its admissibility in a system of Logic. 11. On what principles does the argument from Analogy rest; and by what considerations is its value tested in any case? 12. Examine the arguments : (α) ὃ πᾶσι δοκεῖ τοῦτ ̓ εἶναί φαμεν. Hence the popularity of a doctrine is a strong argument for its truth. (8) It cannot be doubted that where there is community of goods none of the evil consequences of property will be found. (y) Are not the many and inconsistent notions that men entertain as to God and duty a plain proof that there is no truth in them? (8) If the horse knew enough he would soon throw his rider. Hence we may infer the danger of extending education. [Mandeville.] III. Translate : Esch. Ag. 1372-1392.-From Tоλλav Táрoide......to κάλυκος ἐν λοχεύμασιν. Account for páĝelev without av. Explain fully. Soph. Ajax. 294–304.—From κảy❀ μabovơ' ëλŋ§'............to ἐκτίσαιτ ̓ ἰών. Construction of Kar' dvтôv in last line. Exemplify. Soph. Ant. 998-1011.-From YvwσEL, TÉXVNS..........to ἐξέκειντο πιμελής. Thuc. II. 41.—From μὲνη γὰρ τῶν νῦν........ σημείοις καθιστάς. .........to Herod. VIII. 111.-From Oi dè "Eλλŋves.......................................to δύναμιν εἶναι κρέσσω. L |