Average passengers in November

Average freight, tons, in November..

Increase in travel between January and November, per cent...
Increase of freight between January and November, per cent...

Total receipts from passengers and freight...
Total cost of opening road and maintenance.
Net earnings....

Per centage of receipts on cost of operating.

2. SURVEYED ROUTES

250

80

100

400

.$162,200

85,400

76,800

For a Railroad from the Mississippi or its Tributaries to the Pacific Ocean. [Prepared at the office of the War Department.]

52

DESCRIPTION OF ROUTE.

Route near 47th and 49th paral-.
lels, from St. Paul to Vancouver
Extension thence to Seattle.
Near the 41st and 42d parallels,
via South Pass from Council
Bluffs to Benicia..

Near the 38th and 39th parallels,
from Westport to San Francisco
by the Coo-che-to-pa and Tah-
ee-chay-pah Passes..
Same from Westport to San Fran-

cisco by the Coo-che-to-pah and
Madelin Passes..

Near the 35th parallel, from Fort
Smith to San Pedro

Near the 35th parallel, from Fort
Smith to San Francisco..

Near the 32d parallel, from Fulton
to San Pedro...
Extension to San Francisco

Of the principal Wagon Roads, leading from California to the East, with the distances to Carson Valley, Salt Lake, Humboldt River, etc.*

NOBLE'S PASS.-The distance from the Sacramento Valley through this Pass to the Humboldt, is about two hundred and fifty miles. Hight of Pass four thousand feet.

BECKWORTH'S ROUTE.-From Marysville by way of Bidwell, American Valley, Beckworth's and Truckee River to Humboldt River, is two hundred and seventy-four miles. Or,

*Compiled from Surveyor-General's Reports for 1855 and '56.

From Marysville, by way of Gibsonville, Jameson's Creek, Mohawk River, Beckworth's to Humboldt River, two hundred miles.

JOHNSON'S CUT-OFF.-From Sacramento, by way of Placerville, South Fork American River and Hope Valley to Carson Valley, (Genoas,) one hundred and twenty-eight miles.

CARSON ROUTE.-From Sacramento, by way of Diamond Springs, Sly Park, to Carson Valley, (Genoas,) one hundred and forty-six miles.

BIG TREE OR CALAVERAS ROUTE.-From Sacramento, by way of Mokelumne Hill or Volcano, and Big Tree Road, to Carson Valley, one hundred and twenty-five miles.

TEJON ROUTE.-From Stockton, by way of King's River, Tejon Pass, to Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and by the Military Road to Salt Lake City, eleven hundred miles.

XVII.-NEWSPAPER AND PERIODICAL PRESS.

There are ninety-one different newspapers and periodicals published in the State of California; of which, twenty-five are issued daily, fifty-nine weekly, two semi-monthly, four monthly and one quarterly. In addition to the regular issues of these publications, nine of the dailies publish weekly and steamer editions; two issue weekly editions, and three issue steamer editions. Of the weeklies, two issue steamer editions, making a total of one hundred and sixteen different publications, viz.: Daily, twenty-five; weekly, seventy, semi-monthly or steamer, sixteen; monthly four, and quarterly one.

In politics, twenty-three are Democratic, nine American, eight Republican and thirty-three are Independent. Nine are devoted to Religion, one to Agriculture, one to Mining, one to Medicine and six to miscellaneous subjects. Seven are published in foreign languages-two in French, two in German, two in Spanish and one in Chinese.

Thirty-two different publications are issued at San Francisco, seven at Sacramento, five at Marysville and three at Stockton. In fourteen counties of this State there are no papers published.

1. LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

Published in California, with the Place and Time of Publication, Name of

W. & Stm'r 6 R. E. Doyle

5 F. Bonnard & Co... 10. B. Turrell

Ind't, D. W. & St. 5 P. P. Hull & Co

Ind't. W. & Stm'r 4 W. W. Kurtz & Co..

The aggregate circulation of the newspaper press of California is estimated at 18,350,000 sheets annually, or one hundred and sixty-seven sheets per year for each voter of the State. The annual circulation of the press of the Union is, according to the Census of 1850, eighteen papers for each resident. In this State, if our figures of the population are correct, there are issued thirty-seven sheets per year to each resident. It is thought that there is a larger amount expended for newspapers in California than any other State in the Union, New York alone excepted.

XVIII.-LIBRARIES OTHER THAN PRIVATE IN CAL.*

There are two telegraph lines in operation in this State, organized by Act of Legislature, with an aggregate communication of five hundred and sixty miles. California State Line.-Organized 1852. In operation October 24, 1853. Number of miles of communication, two hundred and ten.

Alta Telegraph Line.-Organized 1852. Number of miles of communication, three hundred and fifty.

* Arrangements are in progress for the establishment of Public Libraries at Los Angeles, Nevada, Oroville, Santa Barbara, Shasta, Vallejo, Weaverville and Yreka. We shall take pleasure to add to the above list the names of any other Libraries if the gentlemen in charge thereof will furnish the necessary information. According to the Census of 1850, California has already a greater number of volumes in Public Libraries than any one of twelve other States of the Union.-[EDS.

XX.-FRATERNITY OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS.

1. THE MOST WORTHY GRAND LODGE OF CALIFORNIA. The M. W. Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of California was organized on the 18th day of April, 1850; and there were represented three chartered lodges, viz.: California Lodge, No. 13, holding under the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia-now California Lodge, No. 1; Western Star Lodge, No. 98, holding under the Grand Lodge of Missourinow Western Star Lodge, No. 2; and Connecticut Lodge, No. 75, holding under the Grand Lodge of Connecticut-now Tehama Lodge, No. 3. Since that time one hundred and five lodges have received charters from the Grand Lodge of California, one hundred and one of which are now in prosperous existence, besides eleven lodges under dispensation, having an aggregate membership in all of about five thousand. The officers of the Grand Lodge for the present year are-Wm. H. Howard, Grand Master, San José; J. A. Raymond, Deputy Grand Master, Shasta; Lemuel Lyon, Senior Grand Warden, Stockton; P. W. R. Randle, Junior Grand Warden, Marysville; Addison Martin, Grand Treasurer, San Francisco; Alex. G. Abell, Grand Secretary, San Francisco; O. C. Wheeler, Grand Chaplain, Sacramento; John F. Morse, Grand Orator, Sacramento; L. C. Owen, Assistant Grand Secretary, San Francisco; Charles Marsh, Grand Marshal, Nevada; A. G. Simpson, Grand Standard Bearer, Forbestown; Thomas Foster, Grand Sword Bearer, Los Angeles; George C. Yount, Grand Bible Bearer, Napa; J. P. Smith, Senior Grand Deacon, Yreka; Gardner Elliot, Junior Grand Deacon, San Francisco; H. G. Brown, Grand Steward, Downieville; J. B. Buker, Grand Steward, Placerville; H. L. Davis, Grand Organist, San Francisco; J. W. Hartman, Grand Pursuivant, Santa Rosa; O. D. Chaffe, Grand Tyler, Sacramento.

2. LIST OF LODGES

Now existing under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of California.