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soap and candle factories, 2; sash and blind factories, 5; stone and marble factories, 2; breweries, 7; number of men employed, 30; produce per annum, 300,000 gallons beer.

Toll Bridges and Ferries.-Number of licensed bridges, 10; ferries, 11; capital invested, $97,000. The principal bridges are, the Wire Suspension Bridge, Mormon Island: Over South Fork of American River; length, 180 feet; cost, $12,500. American Bridge: Over American River, built in 1851; length, 620 feet; double track; elevation above low water-mark, 27 feet; cost, $32,000; owners, Harris & Pearis. Wire Suspension Bridge, "Daylor's Ranch:" Over Cosumnes River; length, 200 feet; cost, $15,000; owner, R. D. Wilson. Folsom and Russville Bridge, American River: Termination of the Sacramento Valley Railroad, re-built in 1857; length, 210 feet; elevation above low water mark, 44 feet; cost, $20,000; owners, Kinsey & Thompson.

Fisheries.-The fisheries of the Sacramento afford employment for five months of the year to about four hundred persons. Amount of capital, $75,000.*

Granite.-There are extensive quarries of granite near Folsom, and they are now being worked by several enterprising firms.†

Sacramento Railroad.‡-This road extends from Sacramento to Folsom, a distance of twenty-two miles; cost of construction, $1,200,000.

Mineral Resources.-There is a considerable area of mineral land in the eastern section of this county; estimated yield during 1856, $2,100,000.

Quartz Mills.-Number of quartz mills, 2; propelled by water, 1; by steam, 1; cost of construction, $32,000. There are also a number of arastras at work, which are remunerative to the owners.

Water Ditches and Canals.-The number of water ditches and canals, 17; aggregate length, 118 miles; present value, $600,000. Several of these canals receive their supplies of water from El Dorado; and are also included in the list of that county.

Finances.-January 1, 1857: Bonds, funded debt of 1854, seven per cent., $136,972 80; bonds, court house and jail, of 1855, ten per cent., $205,821 70; total funded debt, $342,794 50; warrants outstanding, $123,643 05; total, $466,437 55. Assets, cash in treasury, $32,607 68; State indebtedness, $16,000; total, $48,607 68. Actual debt, $417,829 87. Receipts for year ending Dec. 31, 1856, $110,885 11; Expenditures same period, $100,299 33. Assessed value of property for 1856, $10,590,653.

Attorneys.-Folsom; G. M. Cole, C. G. W. French, F. S. Mumford; Natoma: A. P. Catlin; Sacramento City: J. L. Algeo, B. F. Ankeny, Isaac Baggs, H. O. Beatty, Newton Booth, Chas. T. Botts, Geo. W. Bowie, Geo. Cadwallader, Robt. Callan, W. R. Cantwell, Geo. H. Cartter, Robt. C. Clark, Robt. Clyde, Geo. W. Colby, Cornelius Cole, Gilbert M. Cole, Thos. Conger, E. B. Crocker, Sam'l Cross, N. Greene Curtis, Presley Dunlap, Philip L. *For a description of these fisheries, see p. 229.

+ For a description of the quarries of Folsom, see p. 227.

For a description of this road, see p. 150.

Edwards, B. E. S. Ely, James L. English, Wm. I. Ferguson; J. R. Figg; C. C. Finkler, Ferris Forman, John H. Gass, James C. Goods, Humphrey Griffith, Jas. H. Hardy, J. P. Hardy, John B. Harmon, Henry Hare Hartley, E. H. Heacock, John Heard, L. Hermance, Frank Hereford, John G. Hyer, C. A. Johnson, W. R. Keithley, J. G. Lawton, Jr., Wm. S. Long, Ralph Markham, J. G. Martin, Wm. H. McGrew, John H. McKune, Washington Meeks, Jas. B. Mitchell, J. R. Moore, R. F. Morrison, H. H. O'Callagan, Coleman Perry, Jas. H. Ralston, P. W. S. Rayle, Tod Robinson, Robt. Robinson, Charles C. Sackett, Lewis Sanders, Jr., Julian Smart, John Skinker, Horace Smith, Richard H. Stanley, Henry Starr, Thos. Sunderland, Frank F. Taylor, W. C. Wallace, Wm. T. Wallace, G. G. Webster, W. H. Weeks, D. W. Welty, B. C. Whiting, Joseph W. Winans, E. C. Winchell, James C. Zabriskie.

Physicians.-Cosumnes: Charles Duncomb; Folsom: A. C. Donaldson, S. Lyons, Dr. Marquis, R. W. Murphy, Dr. Palmer; Mormon Island; L. Bates; Sacramento City: W. G. Alban, E. L. Austenreith, Daniel Aylett, T. B. Ballie, A. Ball, Henry Bates, Rezin Bell, Wm. L. Boyle, J. R. Boyce, James Blake, Lapsley Braden, C. H. Bradford, B. B. Brown, Charles Burrell, W. M. Carpenter, C. Collins, C. M. Coward, S. S. Craine, J. S. Cunningham, J. S. Curtis, A. Davan, W. B. H. Dodson, J. S. Downes, R. B. Ellis, Dr. Fitch, Victor J. Fourgeaud, A. Fredonyer, Justin Gates, Jr., R. B. Hall, H. W. Harkness, F. W. Hatch, Jr., W. G. Hatch, R. P. Hayes, R. B. Hill, Dr. Hiller, H. Houghton, J. L. Howard, D. Hupp, Earnest Juch, J. M. Koon, Thos. M. Logan, Samuel J. May, H. B. May, R. H. McDonald, G. G. Morgan, S. M. Mouser, J. F. Montgomery, John F. Morse, T. M. Norton, H. L. Nichols, A. B. Nixon, Thos. Norris, J. E. Oatman; C. Offterdinger, L. W. Ogden, G. Otto, J. Payant, R. A. Pearis, B. H. Peirson, G. J. Phelan, Johnson Price, W. G. Proctor, Dr. Russell, J. Sharkey, G. L. Simmons, Ephraim Smith, J. G. Spencer, C. Sullivan, F. W. Taylor, Gustavus Taylor, T. A. Thomas, Dr. Thompson, F. W. Tozer, H. J. Underhill, D. W. Whitmore, C. B. Zabriskie.

OFFICIAL VOTE, NOVEMBER 4, 1856.

President: Buchanan, 3,438; Fillmore, 3,386; Fremont, 941.

Congress: Scott, (d) 3,173; McKibben, (d) 3,171; Whitman, (a) 3,287; Dibble, (a) 3,260; Rankin, (r) 1,126; Turner, (r) 1,022.

Clerk Supreme Court: Fairfax, (d) 3,220; Skinker, (a) 3,305; Cole, (r) 1,028. Superintendent of Public Instruction: Moulder, (d) 3,285; Janes, (a) 3,321; Buffington, (r) 913.

State Senator: Johnson, (d) 3,151; Wallace, (a) 3,007; Robinson, (r) 1,012. Assembly: Hamilton, (d) 3,106; McKune, 3,286; Weeks, (d) 3,026; Park, (d) 3,056; Clark, (a) 3,217; Catlin, (a) 3,277; Ferris, (a) 3,159; Powell, (a) 3,123; Coggins, (r) 835; Woolson, (r) 777; Polley, (r) 844; Green, (r) 765.

SACRAMENTO CITY.

Sacramento City, the capital of the State of California, is one of the most flourishing cities on the Pacific. Notwithstanding the calamities which have, on two or three occasions, nearly destroyed this city, it now presents, in the numerous public works for protection and improvement and a large and increasing trade, substantial evidences of the energy and enterprise of its citizens.

The most important of the public works have cost as follows, viz: The Levee, nine miles in length, with a surface breadth of ten feet. Its grade is twenty-two and a half feet above low-water mark, and a base varying from fifty to seventy feet, cost, six hundred thousand dollars. The Water Works, three hundred thousand dollars. Raising the grade and planking the streets, one hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars. Fire Department and Engine Houses, one hundred thousand dollars. Amounting, in all, to one million one hundred and eighty-five thousand dollars.

The following beautiful and appropriate tribute to Sacramento is from the pen of "Caxton," (W. H. Rhodes, Esq.:)

"In point of convenient location, of accessibility from all parts of the State, it never did have a rival. In public spirit, in refined society, in thriftiness, in beauty, in taste, it will be many years before it has an equal. It was fitting that the town which grew upon the site of Sutter's old fort, the pioneer spot of western civilization, should have been thus honored. It was but justice that the city which built the first link in the Pacific Railroad should be selected as the capital. No better spot could have been designated than that which is par eminence the garden of the State; which blooms with the sweetest flowers, rejoices in the most genial climate, and is the storehouse of the most luscious fruits, and the most valuable products. Four-fifths of the gold which semi-monthly leaves in millions for the Atlantic States passes through Sacramento; more than one-half the grain, seeds and melons, the vegetables and fruits, which find a market in the metropolis, are grown upon the banks of the Sacramento and its tributaries; whilst at least two-thirds of the entire population of the State have made their homes upon that stream and its various branches.

We love Sacramento; its beautiful situation enchants the stranger, and binds the citizen strongly to his home. The swift flowing river that sweeps by it, bearing upon its bosom argosies richer than the galleons of Venice or the navies of old Tyre ever bore, the snowy Sierras, which lift their cloudcrowned summits half way to the skies, in the blue distance, and the flowercarpeted plains, that stretch far away in all directions, covered with cattle, and farm houses, and verdure, all offer to the eye and the imagination, a succession of natural beauties of landscape seldom equaled and never surpassed." Valuation of Property.*-The following is a tabular statement of the assessment of property within the city during the three years last past:

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$7,182,027 $7,617,785

$7,585,767 90

There should be deducted from the assessment of 1854, $128,920, amount of property destroyed by fire, principally in the July fire of that year,

* Sacramento Union, January 1, 1857.

which makes the total assessment, $7,053,107. The assessment as regards the item of real estate in comparsion with that of 1855, is manifestly too low, there having been an advance in this species of property of from twenty to one hundred per cent.

The total amount of property within the county was assessed in 1856 at $10,598,528; the taxes on which have been collected to the amount of $171,367 23. Of the amount collected on account of the city assessment, or that remaining due on the State and county list, we are not advised.

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Receipts from all source from April to September, 1856 inclu

sive, six months.

Expenditures same period...

Number of buildings within the levees, at the close of the year 1856, (including the American Fork addition,) compared with the previous estimates,

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The yearly increase, it will be perceived, was in 1855, one hundred and thirty-five brick, and two hundred and seventy-five frame; in 1856, two hundred and twelve brick, and ninety-one frame. The number of frame buildings erected during the past year, is comparatively small and apparently incorrect; but the discrepancy is to be accounted for by the fact, that a large number of frame buildings, removed to make way for brick structures, have been placed on lots in the suburbs.

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Gas Works.-Established 1855; cost of construction, $250,000; particulars not received.

City Water Works.—Established, 1855: main pipe laid, 36,778 feet; cost of works, $300,000. These works have been in successful operation for nearly two years. They are of a capacity amply sufficient to furnish an abundant supply of water for years to come.

XXIV. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY.

[County Seat-San Bernardino.]

San Bernardino County, organized 1854. Boundaries: North by Tulare, east by the Colorado River, south by San Diego and west by Los Angeles and Tulare.

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