unsatisfactory experiences in the past with that shipper's Louisville receivers. (16) It could find no claims from Colonial Beef after January 1970 although it has served and solicited that shipper since that time. It has not however received any traffic in the last year and a half.

Willis Shaw Frozen Express, Inc., is a common carrier operating over irregular routes specializing in the transportation of perishable foods and foodstuffs. Its principal office and communications facilities are located in Arkansas where it maintains a complete maintenance facility as well as sales and dispatching. In addition it has branch terminals in Idaho, California, and Nebraska and sales representatives in Indiana, Tennessee, New Jersey, California, and Arkansas.

It provides truckload, LTL, multiple pickups and multiple-delivery service, 7 days a week. It operates 381 sleeper tractors and 431 mechanically refrigerated intercity trailers. It also maintains an effective safety and communications program.

As here pertinent, Willis Shaw is authorized to perform the following service directly from the origin points involved here to destination points involved: frozen fruits, berries, and vegetables from points in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia to points in most of the destination area, canned foodstuffs from Comstock-Greenwood Foods at various New York points to four States in the Southwest. Frozen meat and frozen fish from Moosic, Pa., to two Texas and one Oklahoma plant, canned goods from Fruitland, Md., to points in Arkansas, and canned goods from Winchester and Timberville, Va., to points in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. In addition it can handle cocoa powder from a New Jersey point to two cities in the Southwest and bananas from a Delaware point to six Southwestern States.

This carrier is principally interested in service to Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas on frozen fruits and vegetables although it has certain other authority as outlined above. It can also handle certain freight from other of the origin points involved here when received in interline.

In addition, it holds authority to transport frozen foods generally as well as specific types thereof and some nonfrozen foodstuffs and canned goods from various points in the origin area involved here directly to points in the Midwest and West which are not a part of the specific application involved here but which this carrier feels could be diverted if applicant where able to tack or interline shipments for service to these points. It also could handle interline shipments from other carriers at the origins moving to points not involved here from which it feels traffic could be diverted. This carrier has equipment terminating in the northeastern portion of the United States regularly and although it does not provide a scheduled LTL service and would handle this type of freight principally by top loading, approximately 2 percent of this carrier's revenue is attributable to such LTL traffic.

Between October 1972 and July 1, 1973, this carrier handled 186 shipments weighing 6,945,528 pounds which produced a revenue of $129,341 from the origin points involved in this proceeding to destination points so involved. Sixty-four of these shipments were transported for supporting shippers in this proceeding and 122 shipments for others not so involved. Although some of this traffic was handled in interline service, it considers all of this traffic subject to diversion if the instant application is granted. It also transported another 741 shipments weighing 24,044,479 pounds producing revenues of $754,870 to or from points not involved in the instant application but which it feels could be served by applicant by interlining or by tacking if the instant application were granted without any appropriate restriction. It feels the loss of this traffic would have a material adverse effect on its operation.

With regard to the supporting shippers here it points out the following: It has provided service to National Fruit Company, Inc., Gurrentz International, Comstock Greenwood Foods, Inc., Seabrook Farm, and the Good Humor Corporation to the destinations involved in this proceeding. It has solicited but not served the following shippers: Backman Foods, Inc., Plumrose, Inc., Mrs. Smith's Pie Company, Allied Bakers Company, Hebrew National Kosher Foods, Colonial Beed Company. The first two shippers advised it they had no traffic moving to its territory and Mrs. Smith's Pie Company indicated it performed most of its transportation in private carriage. It feels that Allied Bakers evidently did not ship west of Ohio. The last two indicated they were happy with the service that they were receiving. It has also handled shipments for Comstock-Greenwood a division of Borden which weigh in excess of 40,000 pounds. Although that shipper indicated Willis Shaw could not handle these larger shipments, this carrier was one of the first to operate high-cube equipment.

It considers all of the traffic it solicited or handled to be desirable and is also interested in handling seafood such as that it has handled from Delaware, Baltimore, and Iceland Products in Campville, Pa., as exempt commodities.

It opposes the application because it handles a great deal of traffic, without complaint, to destination States involved which it considers would be subject to diversion. It also feels that a significant amount of freight which it handles to points in the Midwest and the west coast would be subject to diversion through applicant's control over another carrier and interlining with such carriers as Zero which supported this application.

Willis Shaw is owned by Distribution Systems, Inc., which owns Delmonte, a competitor of some of the shippers here. However, apparently none of the shippers have complained about its service on that basis which is restricted.

Carolina Freight Carriers Corporation is a general-commodity carrier that operates, inter alia, 149 mechanically refrigerated units. It provides four stopoffs on truckload shipments, and maintains 65 terminal and agency stations throughout its system as well as extensive communications and sales facilities.

As here pertinent, this carrier is authorized to transport general commodities from points in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, and the District of Columbia to points in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. A representative listing of foodstuff shipments transported between September 1 and September 15, 1973, a few of which would not be involved here, indicates that it transported more than 200 shipments weighing more than 1 million pounds and producing a revenue in excess of $25,000 with these shipments moving from points in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia to various points in the four Southern States it serves. About 5 percent of the shipments required refrigeration. By stipulation, Hess Trucking Co., of Hershey, Pa., made the following presentations. Hess Trucking Co. maintains a terminal at Hershey where it operates a maintenance and safety program. It operates 11 tractors and 10 insulated trailers but can obtain other equipment from Shaffer Trucking, Inc., with whom it performs jointline service. As here pertinent, it is authorized to transport foodstuffs from points in eastern Pennsylvania to points in Derry Township, Pa., and by interlining with Shaffer at that point it can serve shippers of nonfrozen foodstuffs with destinations in Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia and can also transport confectionaries to points in Alabama. This carrier is ready, willing, and able to continue the existing joint-line service it provides for Shaffer. It considers the traffic important and feels that diversion of any of it would have an adverse effect on it.

Shaffer Trucking, Inc., of New Kingstown, Pa., is a motor common carrier authorized to operate between the Northeast and a significant area of the South. As pertinent here, it is authorized to transport foodstuffs or certain designated types thereof from certain points in Pennsylvania to points in the destination area involved here. It can also transport various types of foodstuffs from points in Virginia to seven of the Southern and Southwestern States involved here, flour from Buffalo, N.Y., to points in Virginia and canned goods from named New York points to points in six of the destination States involved in the middle South and Southwest. In addition, through interline with Hess, it serves shippers of nonfrozen foodstuffs from the eastern portion of Pennsylvania to points in the States named by that protestant. This carrier can also handle confectionaries between Pennsylvania origin points and various points in the Rocky Mountain and western area.

This carrier operates 108 tractors and 140 trailers at the present time, the bulk of which are suitable for the transportation of the commodities involved here. This equipment is also available for equipment interchange with Hess. It also can supply Virginia shippers with equipment from its Pennsylvania terminal in 3 to 5 hours after request and unloads sufficient equipment in the New York area to supply shippers there.

This carrier is interested primarily in foodstuffs, is available 7 days a week, and can give timed or scheduled pickup and delivery depending upon arrangements made. This carrier points out that it transports various foodstuffs for some of the shippers here without complaint. More particularly, it serves Tenneva Frozen Food at Bristol, Va., from Pennsylvania points, Allied Institutional Distributors on shipments moving to Tulsa, Okla., from Pennsylvania, and Louis Grocery Company from origin points not discussed by that shipper to Mississippi. It has also served Liberty Cash Grocery at Memphis from Pennsylvania points as well as Hudson-Thompson, Inc., at Montgomery, Ala., from Pennsylvania points. It transports nonfrozen foodstuffs for Pet, Inc., and Kraft Foods Division from Pennsylvania points to points in Virginia. This carrier also transports canned goods for National Fruit from Winchester, Va., to points in the South and Southwest without complaint. It actively solicits this shipper's traffic but feels it is handling less traffic than it is presently capable of for this shipper. It serves Duffy-Mott Company from Aspers, Pa., to the destination States, except the Carolinas, and has never been requested to handle more stopoffs than are presently provided for in its tariffs, nor has it ever been requested to serve Sodus, N.Y., which it can serve presently. It contends that the complaints lodged against it by Duffy-Mott are not correct in that it made only 20 rather than 41 late pickups, and that most of these involved only 1 day. Moreover, it contends it received no complaints about the timeliness of its deliveries. Further, its records show that it handled 214 loads for Duffy-Mott from Aspers during 1972, totaling 8,432,363 pounds, an amount considerably above that allegedly tendered to it by that shipper. Its terminal is only 22 miles from Aspers, Pa.

This carrier feels that its service singularly and when combined with that of Hess is more than adequate to meet the needs of those shippers located in the area it is authorized to serve and that inasmuch as more than 28 percent of its revenue is derived from traffic involved in the instant application, it might be so adversely affected as to lose its business if it lost this traffic.

This carrier showed that it had handled 2,750 shipments either in single-line service or in interline service with Hess Trucking Company from September 1, 1972, to May 31, 1973, from the Pennsylvania origins involved here to points in the destination States involved. It derived $1,305,537 from its division of the revenue of the shipments of the total revenue derived by it and Hess of $4,596,427. All of the se

shipments were truckload quantities which, with some exceptions, constituted confectionaries and chocolate which are principally originated by Hess.

Akers Motor Lines, Incorporated, of Charlotte, N.C., is a motor common carrier of general commodities which operates over regular and irregular routes from points in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia to points in Georgia, the Carolinas, and Russell County, Ala. As here pertinent, the bulk of its authority involves a network of regular routes with service authorized at numerous intermediate and offroute points in the origin and destination areas described above. It also has irregularroute authority to South Carolina points and to the Alabama County it is authorized to serve.

Akers maintains 40 terminals, extensive communications, and a large sales force; and it operates 582 tractors and 1,205 trailers, including 83 which are mechanically refrigerated. It offers up to six stopoffs on direct shipments handled by it.

This carrier is constantly seeking additional southbound traffic and it feels that diversion of this traffic by a grant of the instant application would adversely affect it. It is presently operating at only 80 percent of capacity and is ready and willing to serve the supporting shippers here.

It submitted a representative sampling of shipments of food and food preparations which moved in refrigerated service during its May 1973 billing period. These moved from northeastern origins to the Carolinas and Georgia and weighed more than 2.5 million pounds so as to produce a revenue in excess of $37,000.

It also transported 1.3 million pounds of nonrefrigerated food products traffic producing a revenue of $21,741 during this same billing period from and to the same general areas.

Pilot Freight Carriers, Inc., is a certificated carrier authorized to transport general commodities, including the food preparations involved here in vehicles equipped with mechanical refrigeration from all points in New York, points on two specified routes in Connecticut and the off-route points of Norwich, all points in Massachusetts, Providence, R.I., and points within 15 miles thereof, all points in New Jersey, Philadelphia, Pa., and points within 12 miles thereof, points in Delaware County, Pa., points in Maryland east of U.S. Highway 1, and all points in Delaware, to all points in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, three Tennessee points, all points in Georgia on and north of U.S. Highway 80, Russell County, Ala., and all points in Florida east of Leon and Wakulla Counties, from York, Pa., to all points in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, two Tennessee points, all points in Georgia on and north of U.S. Highway 80, and all points in the Florida area described above; from all points in Virginia to all points in North Carolina within 150 miles of Broadway, N.C., all points in South Carolina, those in Georgia on and north of U.S. Highway 80, the Florida area described above, Russell County, Ala., and three Tennessee points. The above service can be performed directly by the tacking or joinder of regular- and/or irregular-route authorities held by this carrier. This carrier also maintains concurrences with other carriers and regularly interchanges freight and equipment. It operates 41 terminals, maintains an elaborate communications system, operates 809 tractors and 1,580 trailers, more than 200 of which are suitable for temperature control. This refrigerated equipment was obtained in recent years and this carrier hopes to regain some of the perishable traffic it formerly handled with ice. It maintains an effective safety and claims program, as well as a large sales force. Pilot's tariffs provide for three stops in transit for loading or unloading in addition to the origin pickup or delivery but not for more stops. However, exceptions to these

provisions are published to meet shipper's needs. This carrier handles traffic of the type involved here throughout its system. For the period May 14 through May 19, 1973, an estimated 74-percent sampling of its traffic reflects 207 shipments weighing almost 1 million pounds and producing a revenue of almost $200,000. This traffic consists of predominantely LTL size shipments and moved from various northeastern points to Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, and Tennessee, with a broad variety of foods reflected. With the exception of one truckload shipment these were all nonperishables and it has turned down perishable shipments of less than 10,000 pounds or truckload quantities from shippers.

This protestant's equipment is not presently being utilized to capacity. For the period January 1, 1973, through May 19, 1973, 1,645 vehicles were dispatched empty due to a lack of freight revenue, in addition to others which were dispatched lightly loaded. This accounted for 373,000 empty line-haul miles during this period. Its operating ratio has increased significantly in the last year. Many of its refrigerated and insulated trailers are now being loaded southbound with freight not requiring temperature protection because an insufficient amount of this type of freight is presently being tendered it.

It feels that the freight of the type presently handled would be subject to diversion if the instant application were granted and accordingly opposes the grant of this application.

Coldway Food Express, Inc., is a common carrier operating over irregular routes. Its primary interest in the instant application relates to service to Kentucky which it is authorized to serve. It also opposes any grant of the application without a restriction against tacking or interchange. This carrier is authorized to transport a number of food items which are either generically or specifically described. Accordingly, for example, it is authorized to transport frozen foods from a New York point outside the commercial zone and a Pennsylvania point to midwest points including Kentucky and canned and preserved foodstuffs from the New Jersey area to midwest points, foodstuffs, with exceptions, from the New Jersey-Pennsylvania area to midwest points including Kentucky, mushrooms from points in the Pennsylvania mushroom-growing area to southwest and midwest points including Arkansas and Kentucky, frozen meat from Philadelphia to points in the Midwest including Kentucky, meat, cereals and frozen food products from particular Pennsylvania sites to points in the Midwest including Kentucky, bananas from Wilmington, Del., to the same general area. This carrier is also concerned about the potential for applicant's service to points in the midwestern territory served by this carrier from northeastern origins by interlining or interchange. This area generally includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnestoa, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Colorado.

This carrier has various interchange arrangements with other carriers, particularly at northeast origins. It operates 165 tractors and 185 trailers, 178 of which are refrigerated. It offers truckload as well as LTL service, multiple pickups and deliveries, peddle stops, differentiations in temperatures, and has terminals in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York as well as the Midwest. It has increased the number of LTL schedules it offers from the East and in addition offers top loading. This shipper produced traffic studies which reflects only its direct traffic although it also actively solicits interline traffic in the Northeast. These studies show that (1) during 1972 its Philadelphia terminal handled 62,173,177 pounds of traffic which produced revenues of $783,440, (2) that traffic handled by its Washington, N.J., terminal during 1972 amounted to 22,208,235 pounds producing a revenue of $108,280, almost 90 percent of which moved from one confectionary manufacturer in