size, he got a huge statue of himself placed in a conspicuous niche in the temple of the Muses. He was highly esteemed by the Romans. He wrote many plays; the titles of above fifty have been collected. Most of these were drawn from Grecian sources; two, however, his Brutus and Decius, were founded on Roman subjects; written probably in honor of Decius Brutus, consul B. C. 137, who was his warm patron and friend. Dunlop, 1. 214. Schöll, 1. 116. — Fabricius, (cited § 299. 8), 11. 235. Cf. Cicero, Brutus, 28, 63. Pro Archia, 10. Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att. x111. 2. — Pliny, Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 5.Quintil. v. 13. - Hor. Ep. n. i. 55. 2. The fragments of Attius are contained in the collection of Scriver, and others, before cited. § 355. Publius Terentius Afer was born, B. C. 192, in Africa, perhaps at Carthage, and died B. C. 159. He was a freedman of the senator Terentius Lucanus, and an intimate friend of Lælius and the younger Scipio Africanus. As a dramatist he was an imitator of Menander and Apollodorus. His six comedies still remaining are of remarkable excellence, in respect to the characters, the truth and refinement of the dialogue, and the management of the plot. He professed less invention, and less of comic power than Plautus; but on the other hand he had more taste, a better style, and a finer knowledge of human nature. We find no trace of any other than the six comedies now extant; yet it is related that he lost 108 plays in a shipwreck. Of the ancient commentators upon Terence, the most worthy of notice are Ælius Donatus, a Grammarian of the 4th century, and Eugraphius, of the 10th century. 1. It is not known how Terence was brought to Rome, or became the slave of the Terentius whose name he has preserved from oblivion. After giving to the Roman stage his six comedies, he made a visit to Greece, whence he never returned. According to one account, he perished at sea, on his voyage from Greece to Italy, with the 108 comedies he had translated from Menander; others state, that having sent the same comedies before him by sea to Rome, and they being lost by shipwreck, he died of grief in Arcadia. Suetonius, Vita Terentii. Cf. p. xxiii. 1st vol. of Lemaire's ed. of Terence, cited below. 2. The titles of the six plays are Andria, Eunuchus, Heautontimorumenos (EAVTOVTILWOOUNεvos), Adelphi, Hecyra, Phormis. An analysis of these is giv en by Dunlop, with a notice of the imitations by Moliere and other modern dramatists. The Andria was the earliest and is usually called the best of the pieces. In respect to style Terence has been regarded as a model of correct composition. "It is a singular circumstance, and without example in the literary history of any other country, that the language should have received its highest perfection, in point of elegance and grace, combined with the most perfect simplicity from the hand of a foreigner and slave. But it so happened, that the countryman of Hannibal and the freedman of Terentius Lucanus gave to the Roman tongue all those beauties, in a degree which the courtiers of the Augustan age itself did not surpass." As to versification, it is generally allowed, that Terence used very great liberties. Cf. Dunlop, 1. 175-209. - Bähr, 1. p. 104ss. Sulzer's Theorie der Schönen Künste. 1v. 522. -F. Wellner, De Terentii Vita et Scriptis. Monast. 1829. 4. 3. Editions. - Best; N. E. Lemaire. Par. 1827. 3 vols. 8. included in his Bibliotheca Class. Latina.-Zeunius, (republished with additions, by Priestley). Lond. 1820. 2 vols. 8.- Westerhovius. Hag. Com. 1726. 2 vols. 4. "In his account of the various editions of Terence he has enumerated not less than 248." G. Stallbaum. Lips. 1839. 8. commenced; Westerhovius with additions. - Bentley. Amst. 1727. 4. specially valuable in reference to metre. Princeps; an edition printed at Milan 1470. fol. is generally called the first; Dibdin decides for the following, Mentelin (pr.), Argent, supposed before 1479. fol. Valuable editions of present century; F. H. Bothe. Berl. 1803. 8. also in the 4th vol. of his Poete Scenici (cf. § 348. 2).— Bruns. Halle, 1811. 2 vols. 8. Schmieder. Hal. Sax. 1819. 8. A. Rossi, Mil. 1820. 2 vols. 8. F. C. G. Perlet. Lpz. 1821. 12 (text highly valued), ed. auctior. 1827. 8. — A. J. Valpy, Lond. 1823. 8. The various editions of single plays cannot be mentioned. 4. Translations, -German. J. C. G. Neide. Lpz. 1784. 2 vols. 8. — J. J. Roos. Giessen. 1794. 2 vols. 8 (most eminent according to Fuhrmann), F. H. Von Eindesel (metrical). Lpz. 1806. 2 vols. 8. — Five other Germ. translations cited by Lemaire. - There is another, by A. F. Wolper, in the Prenzlau collection of translations. French. Mad. Darier. Par. (with orig. Lat.) 1688. 3 vols. 8. — (metrical), Anonymous. Par. 1805. 2 vols. 8. — Six others named by Lemaire. Italian. Ant. Cesari. Veron. 2 vols. 8. - Lemaire cites three others. — English. C. Hoole (Lat. & Angl.). Lond. 1676. 8.- (metrical), G. Colman. Lond. 1765. 2. vols. 8. — (Lat. & Angl.), S. Patrick. Lond. 1767. 2 vols. 8.-Cf. Harles, Prev. Not. Supp. 1. p. 145. 5. Illustrative. - E. Burton, in his Ancient Characters deduced from Classical Remains. Lond. 1763. 8.-L. Echard; comparison of Terence and Plautus, in his translation cited § 352 4. — &C. Briegleb, Programmata de lectione Terentii, philosopho non indigna. Coburg, 1769-1778. 4 L. Schopen, Diss. Crit. de Terentio et Donato ejus interprete. Bonnæ ad Rhen. 1821. 8. D. Heinsius, Diss. ad Horatii de Plauto et Terentio judicium. Amst. 1618. 12. given in Lemaire's edition above cited. — Gailiere, Apologie de Terence. Par. 1728. 12. — J. M' Caul, Remarks on the Terentian Metres, with a sketch of the History of anc. Comedy. Lond. 1828. 8. § 356. Caius Lucilius, of Suessa in Campania, was a Roman knight, born B. C. 150. With a great knowledge of language he combined a great talent for satire. He was the first among the Romans to cultivate satiric poetry in the more didactic form. He wrote 30 books of poetry, or more probably 30 single pieces, rich in wit, and keenly severe, although in some measure deficient in accuracy of style. He also wrote hymns, epodes, and a comedy. 1. Lucilius, in early youth, served at the siege of Numantia, in the same camp with Marius and Jugurtha, under Scipio Africanus the younger. He afterwards resided at Rome in the house which had been built at public expense for the son of Seleucus king of Syria, when that prince was a hostage at Rome. Little is known of the life and manners of this poet. He died at Naples, at the age of 45, as is commonly stated. He enjoyed the friendship and protection of Scipio Africanus and Lælius. Of his writings only detached fragments remain; these however are sufficient to show something of his spirit and manner. His peculiarities are also frequently mentioned by ancient writers; one of the most striking was his vehement and cutting satire. Horace acknowledges his merits, yet censures his versification as loose and prosaic. The third book of Lucilius contains an account of a journey along the coast of Campania to Naples and thence to Rhegium and the straits of Messina, which Horace seems to have imitated in his description of a journey from Rome to Brundusium. Dunlop, 1. 238-248.- Schöll, Hist. Abreg, de la Litt. Rom. 1. 148. — Charaktere der vornehm. Dichter, 1v. 419. — Cf. Quintil. x. 1. 93. — Hor. 1. Sat. iv. 1-13. x. 1-6. 46-49. - Aul. Gell. vii. 3. xvii. 21. Juven, 1. Sat. i. 165. 2. The fragments of Lucilius were published by F. Dousa (Donza). Lugd. Bat. 1597. 4. § 357. Titus Lucretius Carus, a Roman knight, born about B. C. 95, ended his life by suicide. His philosophical poem, On the nature of things (De rerum natura), in sir books, contains the principles of the Epicurean school, of which he was a zealous disciple. These principles are here combined and arranged with much art, and set forth in their most dazzling and imposing features.The work is not wholly free from monotony and dulness; but this is the fault of the subject rather than of the author, whose poetry in particular passages is very florid and rich in imagery. Cardinal Polignac wrote a poem in opposition to it, called Anti-Lucretius, which, although more correct in its views of God and of providence, is inferior in poetical merit. 1. Lucretius lived in a period full of important political events, but seems to have kept himself retired from public affairs. He was sent, according to a prevailing custom at the time, with other young Romans of rank, to study at Athens, where he attended on the instructions of Zeno and Phædrus given in the Gardens of Epicurus. Cicero and his brother Quintus, also Cassius and Pomponius Atticus, and Memmius afterwards governor of Bithynia, are said to have been at this time his fellow students. Lucretius was specially attached to the latter, and it is supposed accompanied him to Bithynia. His poem is dedicated to Memmius. He is said to have committed suicide, in the 44th year of his age, in a paroxysm of insanity produced, according to some, by a philtre or love potion given him by Lucilia, his wife or mistress, but according to others, caused by melancholy resulting from the exile of Memmius and other calamities. Lambinus, Life of Lucretius, in the Bipont Edition cited below (2). - Good, in his translation below cited. 2. Directly opposite judgments have been passed upon the poem of Lucretius; some pronouncing it "dry, prosaic, without interest, and without imagination; others calling it an elegant and almost unrivaled production. An analysis of it is found in Dunlop, and copied in Anthon's Lempriere. Dunlop, 1. 250. — Schöll, 1. 246. — Charaktere der Vornehm. Dichter, vi. 310.— Villemain, Nouveaux Melanges, (p. 189. Par. 1827. 8.- Busby, below cited. 3. Editions. B. Gilbert Wakefield. Lond. 1796. 3 vols. 4. Censured by some of the Reviews, but highly commended by some German critics (Dibdin, 11. 205). - Duncan. Glasg. 1813. 4 vols. 8. Chiefly a reprint of Wakefield's; "the best critical edition extant" (Dibdin, 1827). Eichstädt. Lpz. 1801. 8. Based upon Wakefield's, containing the text of the six books in the 1st volume; but the 2d not published. Of earlier editions, the best is that of Havercamp. Lugd. Bat. 1725. 2 vols. 4. Pronounced by Dunlop the best edition that has yet appeared. The B pontine, reprinted, Argent. 1808. 8, is considered good. The Oxford, 1816, is a reprint of Thomas Creech, first published Oxf. 1695. 8. — Princeps, Ferandus, Brescia. 1473. fol. The first Ms. of Lucretius known to the moderns was discovered by Poggio Bracciolini, in the monastery of St. Gal, about 20 miles from Constance, in 1414. 4. Translations. German.-J. H. F. Meinecke, metrical with the original and notes. Lpz. 1795. 2 vols. 8.-K. L. Von Krebel, with the original, Wakefield's text. Lpz. 1821. 2 vols. 8.French. D. La Grange, prose. Par. 1799. 2 vols. 12. — Le Blanc de Guillet, metrical, with Lat. text. Par. 1788. 8.- Italian.Alex. Marchetti. (best ed.) 1779. 4. English. Th. Creech, in verse. Oxf. 1683. 8. Lond. 1776. 2 vols. 8. Th. Busby, in verse, with the original. Lond. 1813. 2 vols. 4. with "enormous prolegomena on the Life and Genius of Lucretius, and the Philosophy and Morals of his poem " (Dunlop). cf. Lond. Quart. Rev. x1. 88. — J. M. Good, blank verse, with the Latin (Wakefield's text). Lond. 1805. 2 vols. 4. containing a life of Lucretius, and an account of his philosophy. (cf. Gregory's life of Dr. Good, p. 103. Bost. ed. 1829).For further notices of translations and editions, see Dunlop, 11. Appendix, p. 35-39, and the Bipontine edition of Lucretius. Cf. Drake's Literary Hours. Miscellanies. Dryden's Poetical 5. The Anti-Lucretius (sive de Deo et Natura) of Polignac was published at Paris, 1747. 2 vols. 8. It consists of nine books, of about 1300 lines each, in Latin hexameter. The author studiously imitates Lucretius. An English translation was published by G. Canning, Lond. 1766. 8. There is another poem, written in opposition to Lucretius, De animi immortalitate, by Aonius Palearius (Lyon, 1536. 8.), which is "almost a cento made up from lines or half lines of the Roman bard." The same imitation of Lucretius is seen in various Latin poems composed by the French Jesuits of the 17th century to illustrate different phenomena of nature. Sev eral are published in the Pocmata Didascalica, Paris, 1813. 3 vols. -- - Dunlop, 1. 270. § 358. Caius Valerius Catullus was born in the peninsula Sirmio, in the territory of Verona, B. C. 86. Little is known of the circumstances of his life, excepting his intimate friendship with Cicero, of which a proof is given in one of his poems. As a lyric poet he has much that is excellent in the softer kind of writing, much refinement of feeling and expression. But he yielded too much to the already corrupt taste of his age, and not unfrequently sacrificed both propriety and morality. Many of his poems are lost. 1. Catullus was invited to Rome in early youth, and there wasted much of his fortune in dissipation. He accompanied Caius Memmius, the patron of Lucretius, to the province of Bithynia; but did not derive the pecuniary or other benefits which he had expected. After his return to Italy, his time seems to have been passed in idleness or in licentious amours, in his costly residence at Tibur, or his delicious villa on the peninsula of Sirmio. He died when not far from the age of 30.-Schöll, Litt. Rom. I. 310. 2. The numerous small pieces extant, that are ascribed to Catullus, consist of odes, songs, satires, elegies, and epigrams. Some of these are not considered as genuine; the editions usually contain 116 pieces. Although once distributed into three classes, they are now generally published without any attempt at systematic arrangement; and their miscellaneous character renders any such arrangement almost impossible. The poetry bears evident marks of close imitation of Greek authors, especially of Callimachus; yet all the critics award to Catullus the praise of much originality and of great elegance. In respect of literary merits, he has been ranked above all the Latin poets except Virgil and Horace. One of the most pleasing of his pieces is that (xxxi) addressed to Sirmio, the peninsula where his favorite villa was situated. Dunlop i. 271-321.—Manso in the Charaktere der vorm. Dichter i. 158-171.- also D'Arnaud's Essay sur Catulle annexed to the edition (p. 410) of Naudet cited below. Arnauld in the Mem. Acad. Inser. vol. XLIX. p. 239.-Bibl. Repos. No. xx11. p. 495. 3. Editions.-B.-F. W. Döring. Lpz. 1788-92. Repr. in Lond. 1820. (Anthon.)—C. J. Sillig. Gött. 1823. 8.-Especially, J. Naudet. Par. 1826. 8. forming vol. Lxxv. of Lemaire's Bibliotheque Classique Latine. — Of earlier editions, the best is that of Vulpius. Patav. 1737. 2 vols. 4.Princeps, Corallus. Parm. 1473. fol. — An excellent edition for schools, F. M. Hubbard. Bost. 1836. containing select pieces, with notes. - Catullus has often been published with Tibullus & Propertius; one of the latest editions, A. J. Valpy. Lond. 1822. 8. — For further account of editions, see Naudet above cited. French.-F. J. 4. Translations. German. - B.-K. W. Ramler. Lpz. 1793. 8. 1810. 8. Noel. Par. 1835, & 1813. 2 vols. 8. containing th original Latin, and a Discours Preliminaire on the life, poetry, editions and translations of Catullus. C. L. Mollerault (in verse, with Tibullus & Propertius). Par. 1816. 3 vols. 18. English. Anonymous, (supposed Dr. Nott) with Lat. text and notes. Lond. 1795. 2 vols. 8. — Lamb. cf. Dunlop ii. App. p. 42. § 359. Cornelius Gallus, a native of Gaul, flourished about the same time with Propertius. He was a friend of Virgil, who addressed his 10th eclogue to him. He was one of the most happy poets in elegy, although in his diction less pleasing than Propertius or Tibullus. His poems, however, are lost; the six elegies, which have been ascribed to him, are certainly from a later and inferior poet; probably from Cornelius Maximianus Gallus, who lived under Anastasius, about A. Ď. 500. 1. Gallus was born of poor parents, probably at Forum Julii, in Gallia Narbonensis, about B. C. 70. He first came into notice as a follower and partisan of Octavius, in his measures to avenge the assassination of Julius Cæsar. He seems to have soon obtained the confidence of Octavius, and was one of his counsellors after the battle of Philippi. After the battle of Actium, Gallus was entrusted with an important command in the invasion of Egypt against Antony, and it was by an artifice of Gallus that Cleopatra fell into the hands of Augustus. Egypt being reduced, Gallus was appointed præfect or viceroy over it. His successes rendered him vain; his government of the province was soon marked by mismanagement and plunder; and in the fifth year of his authority he was recalled, charged among other offences with having plotted against the life of Augustus. His property was confiscated, and he was sentenced to perpetual exile. Thus disgraced, he committed suicide in the 43d year of his age, B. C. 26. 2. The elegies of Gallus consisted of 4 books. He is said to have translated several pieces from the Greek epigrammatist Euphorion. He is by some considered as the author of the poem called Ciris, falsely ascribed to Virgil. Fuhrmann, Handbuch, p. 585. - Schöll, 1. 326.-Bähr, p. 273.—Warton, Hist. of Engl. Poetry. Lond. 1824. 4 vols. (4th, p. 233.) 3. The elegies ascribed to Gallus are found in the Collections of the Minor Latin poets by He § 360. Albius Tibullus, born at Rome, and belonging to the order of knights, flourished about B. C. 30. He was a favorite of Messala Corvinus, and esteemed by Horace, Ovid, and other poets of his age. According to Quintilian, he is entitled to the first rank among the Roman elegiac poets. combines soft, tender feeling with a noble and accurate expression, with a charming variety of invention, of images and turns, without labored, farfetched, or unnatural ornaments. His elegies are arranged in 4 books; those in the last, however, are ascribed to Sulpicia, and other authors. 1. The time of his birth is not known, but supposed to be about B. C. 54 or 56. He is said to have died about the same time with Virgil, B. C. 19. He inherited a considerable fortune, which was greatly impaired, partly by the partitions of the lands in Italy made to the soldiers of the Triumvirs, and partly perhaps by his own extravagance. He accompanied Messala in several military expeditions, in the last of which he suffered a dangerous sickness that detained him at the island Corcyra; but on his recovery he visited Syria and Egypt. After his return from the east, he lived on his paternal estate at Pedum. 2. We have, in the 4 books under the name of Tibullus, 35 elegies and a panegyric addressed to Messala. The genuineness of the 3d book as well as the principal part of the 4th, has been doubted. According to Schöll, only the first two books and the panegyric in the commencement of the 4th, and the two elegies at its close, are indisputably the production of Tibullus. De Golbéry denies the genuineness of the panegyric. The elegies in the 3d book are ascribed by Voss, to a poet called Lygdamus. But Fuhrmann remarks that Lygdamus as a poet is unknown in Roman literature, and is wholly an imaginary person. Tibullus evidently had studied the Grecian elegiac writers; but was not a close imitator. A melancholy tenderness is a prominent trait in his poetry. Schöll, Litt, Rom. 1. 326.-De Golbéry (in his edition cited below) De Tibulii vita et carminibus. -Charakt, vorm. Dicht. 11. 190.- Dissenius, De vita et Poesi Tib. in his ed. below cited. 3. Editions.-B.-C. G. Heyne (4th ed. by F. E. Wunderlich). Lpz. 1817. 2 vols. 8. to which belongs the Supplement entitled Tibulli carminum editionis Heynia-Wunderlichiane Supplementum. (Ed. L. Dissenius) Lips. 1819. 8.-Imm. G. Huschke. Lips. 1819. 2 vols. 8. very valuable (Fuhrmann); cf. Harles Supplem. Kingling, p. 175.—De Golbéry. Par. 1826. 8. forming the 78th vol, of Lemaire's Bibliotheque; containing an Essay on the life and writing of Tibullus, Mythologi cal Excursuses, and an account of Mss. & editions.-Among the best of earlier editions, are Broukhusius (with Catullus). Amst. 1727. 4. and Fulpius (Volpi). Patav. (Padua) 1749. 4. We can only mention further, J. H. Voss, Tibullus & Lygdamus. Hiedelb, 1811, 8. two editions the same year, one with a critical commentary. See enumeration by Golbéry, above cited. — L. Dissenius. Gött. 1835. 2 vols. 8. 4. Translations. German. Best, by J. H. Voss. Tübing. 1810. 8. metrical, by F. K. v. Strombeck. Gött. 1799. 8. French. Best, by C. L. Mollerault, metrical. Par. 1808. 12. English. James Grainger (with orig. Lat.) Lond. 1759. 12. — S. Henley. 1792. 8. a specimen of a proposed edition; one elegy, with Lat. text, and Eng. notes.-G. Lamb. Lond. 1821. 2 vols. 12. 5. Illustrative. -J. A. Gorentz, Tentamen Criticum in loca quædam carm. Tibullianorum. Zwick. 1806. 4. — E. C. Chr. Bach, Epistola critica in Tibullum et Propertium. Gothæ, 1812. 8. -Fr. A. Wilh. Spohn, De Tibulli vita et carminibus. Lips. 1819.—Cf. Wolf's Liter. Analekten. 1. p.164.—I. Jortin, Tracts, Philological and Critical. Lond. 1790. 8. vol. 2d. p. 448. § 361. Sextus Aurelius Propertius, a native of Umbria, was a favorite of Mæcenas, and died in the year B. C. 15. From him there are also 4 books of elegiac poems yet remaining. Their chief merits consist in pathetic expression, with rich poetic feeling, and correctness of style. But he often transgresses the limits of nature and propriety, and is too profuse in poetical ornament. Philetas, whose Greek elegies are lost, and Callimachus, were especially his models. 1. Of seven towns claiming the honor of being the birth-place of this poet, Merania is by some supposed to be entitled to the preference. Others give the preference to Hispellum, on the ground of an inscription there found, which is inserted in the edition of Burmann cited below. The time of his birth is uncertain, probably about B. C. 53. Having lost much of his inheritance, as Tibullus did, by the distribution of land made to the soldiers of the Triumvirs, he went to Rome in early life to qualify himself for a civilian. But poetry was more congenial to his taste. He seems to have been a friend of Cornelius Gallus, Virgil, Tibullus, and Ovid. His elegies procured for him the patronage of Mecenas. He is supposed to have gone to Athens in the train of Mæcenas & Augustus; after which, little is known of his life. Gillet de Moivre, La vie de Properze. Par. 1754. 8. 2. The elegies of Propertius are nearly 100 in number. Three of the four books he made public in his life time; the fourth is less occupied with amatory subjects, the elegies being chiefly of a heroic character, more didactic and moral. Mythological story and fable are frequently introduced. See Manso's description in the Charakt. d. v. Dichter iii. 1.—Souchay, in Mem. Acad Inser. et Belles-Lettres. vol. v11. p. 386. 3. Editions. Best, Pet. Burmann, completed by Santenius (Santen). Ultraj. (Utrecht) 1780. 4. "the best yet published" (Dibdin,1827). -Chr. Gottl. (Theoph.) Kuinöl. Lpz.1805. 2 vols. 8. commended by Dibdin; less approved by Kgling. — F. Jacobs, 1827. 12. in Teubner's Collection. In Lemaire's Bibliotheca. -Among the best of earlier, Bronkhusius (Broukhuis). Ams. 1727. 4.-Vulpius. Patav. 1755. 2 vols. 4.-F. G. Barth. Lpz. 1777. 8. 4. Translations. - German.—K. L. von Krebel. Lpz. 1798. 8.- F. K. von Strombeck. (2d impr. ed.) Braunschw. 1822. 8. with original. French.-P. B. Baron, metrical. Par.1813. 12.— English.-Anonymous; Lond. 1782. 8. § 362. Publius Virgilius Maro, of Andes near Mantua, lived from B. C. 70 to B. C. 19. He was the greatest of the Roman poets in pastoral, didactic, and epic poetry. His 10 Eclogues are imitations of Theocritus, but are full of peculiar beauties. His Georgics, in 4 books, are rich in instruction and elegance. His Eneid, in 12 books, although an imitation of Homer, is nevertheless the production of nature, genius, and taste; its diction is more finished, and better suited to a refined age, than that of Homer, although the latter may be more original in itself. Virgil's easy and most agreeable versification should especially be mentioned; and his remarkable skill in making everything he borrowed completely his own, and weaving it all with the rest, so happily into one whole. There are also several other poetical performances ascribed to him, usually included under the name of Catalecta Virgilii; but their genuineness is altogether doubtful.—Of the older commentators on Virgil, the grammarian Servius Honoratus Maurus & Tib. Claudius Donatus are the most worthy of notice. 1. Virgil at at an early age studied at Cremona, but was chiefly educated at Naples, where he is said to have been instructed in Greek letters by Parthenius (§ 226), and in the Epicurean philosophy by Syro. He was deprived of a paternal farm at Mantua by the Triumviral partition of lands; but recovered his property by the favor of Mecenas and Augustus. He was introduced to them, it is said, by Cornelius Gallus. Virgil afterwards resided at Rome, on the Esquiline hill. Subsequently he retired to a villa, owned by him, near Nola, about 10 miles from Naples. He visited Athens, intending to devote three years in Greece to a revision of the Æneid, which he had not yet published. But ill health soon compelled him to return, and he lived but a few |