Phoenician history, 709; lan-

guage and writings, 28;
art, 96

Phoroneus, 452

Photius, 218

Phronto, 324, 341

Phrynicus, 169, 217

Phurnutus, or Cornutus, 258
Physicians, Greek, 264; Ro-
man, 383

Physical science among

Greeks, 263; Romans, 336
Pictor Q. Fabius, 367
Picture, writing, 11
Pictures, earliest Greek, 122;
ancient described by Phi-
lostratus, 259

Pierus, 445

Pompeii, implements, &c. dis-
interred at, 126, 626, 627,
629
Pompeius, grammarian, 334
Pompey's Pillar, 136
Pomponius, Atticus, 368; Me-
la, 360

Pomptine marshes, 652
Pontiffs, Roman, 562
Poor, at Athens, how support-
ed, 508

Populace, Roman, 585
Population of Rome, 554
Fopulousness of ancient na-
tions, 503, 554
Porphyrio, 334
Porphyry, 239

Porticos, 134, 660, 673, 678

Pigments, of the ancients, 122, Portland vase, 97, 596

Placitus, 385

Planudes, 167, 232, 354
Plastic arts, 87

Plato, his philosophy, 228, 234;
his works, 234
Platonists, New, 236, 346
Plautus, 285, 298

Plays, of the Greeks, 445; Ro-
mans, 573, 631; Plebei-
ans, 585

Pleiades, tragic, 171; the con-
stellation, 424
Plinth, 134
Pliny, (the elder) his Natural
history, 351, 386; account
of gems, 111

Pliny C. Cæcilias, (the young-
er), 324, 327, 340
Plotinus, 239

Plough, Grecian, 542; Roman

597

Plutarch, 237, 251, 257
Pluto, 416
Putus, 436

Poetry, origin and varieties of
Greek, 157; of Latin, 282;
mythic, 405
Poets, first philosophers of
Greece, 224; influence on
religion of Greeks,465; the
Greek, 175; the Latin 296;
early Christian, 271, 290
Polemarch at Athens, 506
Polemo Perigetes, 167
Polignac, his poem Anti-Lu-
cretius, 301, 302
Pollio, Virgil's 4th ecl. 305; C.
Asinias, 369; Trebellius,

Portraits and busts among

Greeks, 125, 104
Posidonius, 251

Posts, on Roman roads, 656
Potamo, 231

Pottery, Roman, 596
Pound, Roman, 601

Pracriti, Hindoo goddess, 410
Præfects, 583

Prætorian soldiers, 618
Prætors, Roman, 580
Prayers, of Greeks, 466; of
Romans, 567
Praxilla, 162
Praxis, 261, 371
Praxiteles, 100

Preaching of first centuries,
works on, 274

Precession of the equinoxes,
means of settling dates,
703

Priem, palace of, 131
Priapus, 437
Priests and priestesses, Greek,
466, 485; imposture of,
487; Roman, 560; classes
of them made by later
writers, 567
Priscian, 371, 388
Prison of state, at Rome, 503;
Sparta, 517

Prizes, in the musical contests
&c. 38; funeral games,551
Prova Falconia, 318
Procession, at the Circensian
games,573; triumphal, 618;
funeral, 638
Proclus, 239
Proconsals, 583
Procopius, 260
Proculus Sempronius, 390
Prodicus, 207

Professions, not separated an-
ciently, 35, 40
Profiles on ancient medals, 54,
81

Prologue in comedy, 285-
Pronunciation of Greek, 147;
of Latin, 278
Propertius, 291, 304
Property, among Romans, 600;
basis of division into clas-
ses, 584
Proprætors, 584
Proquæstors, 584
Prose composition, applied first
to history, 249, 250
Proserpine, 416, 433
Prosper, 371

Protocol, 34

Provinces, Roman, 554, 591
Provincial magistrates of Ro-

152

Reed, instrument for writing,

33
Reformation by Luther, 45
Refugees from Constantinople,
46, 153, 216
Rehearsals by ancient writers,
39, 73
Religion of the Greeks, 464,
482; the Romans, 557
Repasts, of Greeks 479, 534
Revenue of Athens, 507; of
Rome, 505

Reviewing in the study of
languages, 150
Rewards at Athens,514; Spar-

ta,519; of Roman soldiers,
607; Roman Generals, 617
Rhadamanthus, 417
Rhapsodists, 27, 40, 160
Rhetoricians, discri ninated
from Sophists, 207, 208;
Roman, 328
Rhianus, 160

Rhodes, Greek letters at, 44
Riches, god of, 436

Riding on horseback, 477
Rights, of citizens and sub-

Romances, 220, 339
Romanesque, 142
Romans, origin of 65; their
empire, 554, 715; most
brilliant era, 555
Rome, foundation of,553, gov-
ernment of, 579; extent of
empire, 554; luxury and
decline, 555; classes or
division of the people,584;
authenticity of its early
history, 66, 367; popula-
iton, 554; topography 656;
chronology of, 715
Rope-dancers, 574
Roscius, actor at Rome, 286
Rosetta stone or inscription,51
Rotunda or Pantheon, 659
Rousseau, on invention of

language, 10
Rowers, their benches in the
ancient galley, 532
Royal Society of Literature, 20
Rubrick, from rubrica, 33
Rufinianus, 330

Scaling ladders, 613
Scarabæi gems, 113
Sceptic philosophers, 230, 345
Sceptres, 579

Schiva, Hindoo deity, 427
Scholiasts, Greek, 153, 216
Schools, of painting and sculp-
ture in Greece, 99, 124; of
philosophy, 41, 225; of
medicine, 262, 384. See
Seminaries

Scipio, tomb and inscription
of, 298, 79; Africanus, his
love of philosophy, 342,

343

rian or geographer, 357

Runic wands, 33

Runners among the Greeks,

528
Running, one of the games,

496

tians, 45;

Greeks, 42; Romans,
73, 75

us, 390

Saccas, 231

Sacred poetry of Greeks, 158
Sacrifices, human, 409; of

Greeks, 467, 486; Romans,
560, 567; origin of, 467
Saddles and stirrups, 497
Salamat or Memnon, statue of,
432

Sale by auction 600
Salic Hymns, 282; Priests, 565
Sallust, Roman historian, 373

pher, 249

Salt token of friendship, 537
Salus, goddess of health, 436
Salvius Julianus, 391

Sammonicus, 387

Sanconiathon, 252

Sanscrit language, 24

Sappho, 162, 166, 182

Saracenic architecture, 142
Sardonic laugh, 680
Satire Roman, 295

Saturn, 407

Saturnian verse, 282

satire, 173, 174

Satyrs, 449

Scævola, 389

Sibyls, 158; books of, 569
Siamese, alphabet, 14
Sidonian artists, 26
Sidonius Apollinaris, 342
Sieges, celebrated, 526, 613
Sigman inscription, 48'
Signals of battle, 526
Signets, 115, 116, 118; that of
Polycrates, 115
Silence, god of, 442
Sileni, 449

Silius Italicus, 289, 314
Silenus, curious image of, 427
Silk, known to the ancients,
539, 634

Silver coins of Romans, 84
Simonides, 162, 164, 166, 174
Singing at feasts, 537
Sirens, 443, 444
Sisenna, 368
Sistrum, 547
Siva, Hindoo deity, 412
Skeleton, of priest found at
Pompeii, 82

Skins, material for writing,

32

Slaves in Greece, 482, 504; at
Sparta, 516: Rome, 620,
624; patron goddess of the
freed, 438; trade in, 595,
624; republic of in Sicily,
681

Sleep, god of, 448
Sneezing, ominous, 470
Sobriquet or burlesque name,
620

Social entertainments, 534,631
Society, primitive state of, 8
Socrates, letters of, 181, 222;
philosophy, 226; method
Socratic gems, 114
of teaching, 41
Sofa-bed, 542

Sol, 430; statue of at Rhodes,

430

Solar Cycle, 701
Soldiers, classes of Grecian,
473, 521; of Roman 603,
604; load carried by Ro-
man, 606, 613
Solinus C. Julius, 361
Solon, his poetry, 183; his in-
Solomon, Song of, 193
fluence on Athens, 200,
225; fragments, 183; tab-
lets of his laws, 32
Songs of the Greeks, 161, 163
Sophists, Greek, 207; lives of

260
Sophocles, 170, 187, 189
Sophronists, 37
Sophron, 174
Soranus, 263

Soul, state of after death, 416;
weighing of by Egyptians,

417

Sparta, under Lycurgus, 461;
rival of Athens, 462;
changes in government,
472; system of education,
37; magistrates of 516;
public meals, 518; consti

Sphere of Chiron, 703
Sphinx, 451

Spintrian medals, 80
Spoils of war, how divided,
477,528

Spoletto, aqueduct at, 651
Spurinna, 289
Spurs, 597

Stage, actors on Greek, 500;
parts of Roman, 576
Staircases, 626
Standards, military, Grecian,
526; Roman, 604
Statius, 456, 289, 314
Statues, 90; ancient rude, 91;
two most famous, 91, 100;
Equestrian, 104; classifi-
ed, 92; use frequent, 100;
more numerous than
paintings, 125; where
placed, 101; found at Pom-
peii, 633; at Herculane-
um, 104
Stheno, 449
Stephens, family of printers,

394

Suliotes, bravery of, 667
Sulpicia, 296,

Sulpicius Rufus, 390

Sun, the Fountain of, 695;

Statue of at Rhodes, 432

Sun-god, 409; worship 430
Superior gods, 407

Suppers of the Romans, 630
Supplicants, 467

Survey of Roman empire, 356
Swimming among the an-
cients, 628

Swords, 524
Syenite, 693
Symbolical, language of the
Bible, 268; pictures, 11
Symbols, the origin of the Gre-
cian gods, 26; on medals,
54, 83
Symmachus, 328, 341
Symposia, 40

Syriac N. T. Ms. copy of,34,62

T

Table, Iliac, 161; of Isis, 441;
ancient for eating, 536,629
Tables and charts, 705
Tables twelve, 59 4
Tablets, for writing, 32, 70
Tabula Peutingeria, 361
Tachygraphy, 35, 70

Tacitus C. Cornelius, 324, 378
Tactics, Greek writers on,242;
Roman, 356, 358
Tantalus, 456
Tapestry, ancient, 548
Tarpeian Rock, 593, 657
Tartarus, 416
Tassie's casts of ancient gems,
117
Tatian, 272

Tauchnitz, classics printed by,

335

Taxes at Rome, 595; Athens,

507

Teachers in Greek schools,42;

at Rome, 73
Tears, preservation of, 639,640
Telesille, 162

Temples, ancient, 131; seven
kinds of, 132; most cele-
brated, 132; Grecian, 465,
468; in time of Homer,
467; Roman, 559, 658;
dedication of, &c. 568; at
Athens, 503; of Jupiter
Ammon, 412, 695; of Isis,
441; Juno Lacinia, 655
Tents, of Greek soldiers, 477
Terence, 285, 300
Terentianus, Maurus, 292
Terminus, 437
Terpander, 163, 166
Terpsichore, 445
Tertullian, 346
Thales, founder of Italic
school, 225
Thaletas, 162
Thalia, 445
Thamyris, 157
Theatre, form of ancient, 132;

Thracian, school of poetry,157
Thucydides, 250, 254
Thundering legion, 238
Thunder-stones, 6
Thyrsus, of Bacchus, 426
Tibullus, 291, 303
Timæus, of Locri, 235; the
grammarian, 137
Timon, 171, 174
Titanides, 407
Titans, 442

Titles of ancient books, how
written, 34

Titus, arch of, 105
Toilet, Grecian, 539; Roman,
637

Tomb, of Cyrus, &c., 552
Roman at Pompeii, 639;
at Cyrene, 695; of Virgil,

653
Tongues, confusion of, 5
Tone, or accent, in Greek, 147
Topography, of Rome, 656; of

Athens, 503, 671; Sparta,
677

Torso, the statue, 103
Totila, Rome laid waste by,

553

Tribonian, Roman lawyer, 393
Tribunes, Roman, 581
Triglyphs, 136

Synagogues, Jewish, in
cian cities, 268
Synchretistic philosophy, 231
Syracuse, constitution of, 530,
topography of, 681

Athens, 673

Valerianus, 385
Valerius, Flaccus, 195, 313;
Maximus, 377; Probus,
333; Antias, 368; Julius,
his account of Alexander,
251, 362

Valley of Moffeta, 654
Valpy's classics, 395
Variorum classics, 395
Varius Lucius, 284, 288
Varnish, on ancient statues, 92
Varro, 75, 295, 333, 334, 363,368
Vases, Tuscan, 96, 105, 125;
murrhine, 111; Panathe-
naic, 496; sacrificial, 560
Vegetius, 360, 385
Veils, 538

Velleius, Paterculus, 377
Vellum, for writing, 71
Venus, 422; de Medici, 103;
temple of, at Paphos, 692;
Anadyomene, 125, 423
Verginius, 287

Verres, his spoliations, 50, 101
Verrius Flaccus, 368
Vertumnus, 437

Vessels, for holding wine,632;
of war, 616; sacrificial,560
Vesta, 410, 428
Vestal virgins, 566, 429
Vestritius Spurinna, 289
Vibius Sequester, 361
Vices, deified, 440
Victims, in sacrifice, 568
Victor, Sextus Aurelius, 381
Victorinus, 330

Victory, rewards of, 617, 618
Vigils, or watches of Romans,

698

Villas, or country seats of Ro-
mans, 627
Vindicianus, 385

Violet, robe of office, 633
Violin, ancient, 546

Virgil, 288, 290, 291, 304
Virgo, 435

Vishnu, Hindoo deity, 412
Virtues, deified, 440

Wrestling, 497, 573
Writing, successive steps in

the invention of, 11; Mex-
ican, 11; Egyptian, 12;
Tultecan, 12; Persepoli-
tan and Babylonian, 14;
Chinese method of, 13;
Cherokee, 14; Grecian, 30;
materials used in, 32, 70;
whether practiced in time
of Homer, 35, 179; Latin
terms respecting, 70, 71
Writing Greek and Latin,
useful exercise, 150, 278;
helps for, 154, 280
Writers, on value of the clas-

sics, 19; on different top-
ics of the Archæology of
Literature or Art, 20; on
inscriptions, 47, 77; on
coins and medals, 58, 83;
on manuscripts, 61,63,85;
on Esthetics, 89; on Tus-
can remains, 97; on an-
cient sculpture, 106, 107,
108; on engraved gems,
118, 119; on paintings a-
mong the ancients, 126;
on ancient architecture,
130, 132, 141; on branches
connected with Greek lit-
erature, 152 ss.; Roman
literature, 279 ss.; mod-
ern Greek literature, 51;
on mythology, 406; on
Greek antiquities, 463
Roman antiquities, 556;
Roman military affairs,
602; ancient weights and
measures, 601; classical
geography, 154, 280; chro-
nology, 155, 280, 705; to-
pography of Rome, 657;
topography of Athens, 676;
of Sparta, 677; Byzanti-
um, 662; Babylon and
Nineveh, 491; see also
references under specific
subjects.

X
Xenocrates, 262
Xenophon, of Ephesus, 224:
of Athens, historian, 233,
250, 254
Xiphilinus, 258

Y
Year, division of by the an-
cients, 570, 700
Young, time of burying among
the Greeks, 551

Ꮓ

Zaleucus, 225
Zenobia, 213
Zenodotus, 215
Zodiac, of Denderah, 693
Zoilus, 215
Zonaras, 261

Zoology, father of, 263
Zoroaster, 159

Zosimus, htstorian, 260; of
Egypt, 264