BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS
CHAP. XLVIII.-Plan of the last Volume.-Succession and Char-
acters of the Greek Emperors of Constanstinople, from the Time of
Heraclius to the Latin Conquest.
A.D. Defects of the Byzantine history, 17; its connexion with the re-
volutions of the world, 19. Second marriage and death of Hera-
641 clius, 21. A.D. 641, Constantine III., 21. Punishment of Mar-
668 tina and Heracleonas, 22. Constans II., 23. A.D. 668, Constantine
685 IV. Pogonatus, 23. A.D. 685, Justinian II., 24; A.D. 695—705,
exile, 25; A.D. 705-711, restoration and death, 26.
A.D. 711,
713 Philippicus, 27. A.D. 713, Anastasius II., 27. A.D. 716, Theodosius
718 III., 28. A.D. 718, Leo III. the Isaurian, 28. A.D. 741, Constantine
775 V. Copronymus, 29. A.D. 775, Leo IV., 30. A.D. 780, Constantine
792 VI. and Irene, 30. A.D. 792, Irene, 32. A.D. 802, Nicephorus I., 32.
811 Stauracius, 33. Michael I. Rhangabe, 33. A.D. 813, Leo V.
820 the Armenian, 33. A.D. 820, Michael II. the Stammerer, 35.
829 Theophilus, 35. A.D. 842, Michael III., 37. A.D. 867, Basil I.
886 the Macedonian, 39. A.D. 886, Leo VI. the philosopher, 42.
911 Alexander, Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, 43.
Romanus I. Lecapenus, 43. Christopher, Stephen, Constantine
945 VIII., 43. A.D. 945, Constantine VII., 44. A.D. 959, Romanus
963 II. junior, 45. A.D. 963, Nicephorus II. Phocas, 45. A.D. 969,
976 John Zimisces, Basil II. Constantine IX., 46. A.D. 476, Basil II.
1025 and Constantine IX., 47. A.D. 1025, Constantine IX., 48.
1034 A.D. 1028, Romanus III. Argyrus, 48. A.D. 1034, Michael IV.
1041 the Paphlagonian, 49. A.D. 1041, Michael V. Calaphates, 49.
1042 Zoe and Theodora, 50. Constantine X. Monomachus, 50.
1054 Theodora, 50. A.D. 1056, Michael VI. Stratioticus, 50.
1057 Isaac I. Comnenus, 50. A.D. 1059, Constantine XI. Ducas,
1067 52. A.D. 1067, Eudocia, 52. Romanus III. Diogenes, 52.
1071 Michael VII. Parapinaces, Andronicus I. Constantine XII., 53.
1078 Nicephorus III. Botaniates, 53. A.D. 1081, Alexius I. Com-
1118 nenus, 55. A.D. 1118, John, or Calo-Johannes, 56. A.D. 1143,
1180 Manuel, 57. A.D. 1180, Alexius II., 59. Character and adven-
1183 tures of Andronicus, 59. A.D. 1183, Andronicus I. Comnenus,
1185 64. A.D. 1185, Isaac ÏÏ. Angelus, 66.
CHAP. XLIX. Introduction, Worship, and Persecution of Images,
Revolt of Italy and Rome,--Temporal Dominion of the Popes. ~
Conquest of Italy by the Franks.-Establishment of Images.-
Character of Charlemagne.—Restoration and Decay of the Roman
Empire in the West.-Independence of Italy.—Constitution of the
Germanic Body
A.D. Introduction of images into the Christian church, 68; their wor-
ship, 69. The image of Edessa, 70; its copies, 71. Opposition to
image-worship, 72. A.D. 726-840. Leo the Iconoclast, and his suc..
754 cessors, 73. A.D. 754, Synod at Constantinople, 74; creed, 74;
A.D. 726—775, persecution of the images and monks, 75. State
727 of Italy, 76. A.D. 727, epistles of Gregory II. to the emperor,
728 78. A.D. 728, revolt of Italy, 80. Republic of Rome, 82.
730-752 Rome attacked by the Lombards, 83; A.D. 754, deliverance
774 by Pepin, 84. A.D. 774, conquest of Lombardy by Charle-
magne, 86.
A.D. 751, 753, 768, Pepin and Charlemagne,
kings of France, 86. Patricians of Rome, 87.
of Pepin and Charlemagne to the popes, 88. Forgery of that
780 of Constantine, 90. Restoration of images in the East by
787 the empress Irene, 91. VIIth general council, IId of Nice, 92.
842 Establishment of images by the empress Theodora,93. A.D. 794,
reluctance of the Franks and Charlemagne, 93. A.D. 774-800,
800 separation of the popes from the Eastern empire, 94.
Corona-
tion of Charlemagne, 95. A.D. 768-814, reign of Charlemagne,
96; extent of his empire, 99; France, 99; Spain, 99; Italy, 100;
Germany, 100; Hungary, 101; neighbours and enemies, 101;
successors, 102; A.D. 814-887, in Italy, 102; A.D. 911, Ger-
987 many, 102; A.D. 987, France, 102. A.D. 814-840 Lewis the
Pious, 103. A.D. 840-856, Lothaire I., 103. A.D. 856-875,
888 Lewis II., 103. A.D. 888, division of the empire, 103. A.D. 962,
Otho, king of Germany, restores the_Western empire, 103.
Transactions of the Western and Eastern empires, 104.
800-1060 Authority of the emperors in the elections of the popes,
1073 105; disorders, 106. A.D. 1073, reformation of the church, 107.
932 Authority of the emperors in Rome, 108. A.D. 932, revolt of
967 Alberic, 108; A.D. 967, pope John XII., 109; A.D. 998, the consul
Crescentius, 109. A.D. 774-1250, the kingdom of Italy, 109.
1152-1190 Frederic I., III. A.D. 1198—1250, Frederic II., III.
814-1250 Independence of the princes of Germany, 112. A.D.
1250, the Germanic constitution, 113. A.D. 1347-1378, Poverty
1356 of the German emperor Charles IV., 114; A.D. 1356, his os-
tentation, 114. Contrast of the power and modesty of the
emperor Augustus, 216.
CHAP. L.-Description of Arabia and its Inhabitants.—Birth, Char-
acter, and Doctrine of Mahomet.-He preaches at Mecca.--Flies to
Medina.-Propagates his Religion by the Sword.-Voluntary or re-
luctant Submission of the Arabs.-His Death and Successors.-The
Claims and Fortunes of Ali and his Descendants.
A.D. Description of Arabia, 116; the soil and climate, 117. Divisions-
Sandy, Stony, Happy, Arabia, 118. Manners of the Bedouin
Arabs, 118, The horse, 119. The camel, 119. Cities of Arabia
A.D. 120. Mecca; her trade, 120. Independence of the Arabs, 121;
domestic freedom and character, 123. Civil wars and private
revenge, 124. Annual truce, 125; social qualifications and
virtues, 125. Love of poetry, 126. Generosity, 126. Idolatry,
127. The Caaba of Mecca, 128. Sacrifices and rites, 129. The
Sabians; Magians; Jews; Christians, 130, 131. A.D. 569-609,
birth and education of Mahomet, 131. Deliverance of Mecca,
132. Qualifications of the prophet, 133. One God, 135. Ma-
homet the apostle of God, and last of the prophets, 136. Moses;
Jesus, 137. The Koran, 138. Miracles, 139. Precepts of Ma-
homet-prayer, fasting, alms, 141. Resurrection, 142. Hell and
609 paradise, 143. A.D. 609, Mahomet preaches at Mecca, 145; A.D.613
622-622, opposed by the Koreish, 146; driven from Mecca, 147;
prince of Medina, 148; A.D. 622-632, his dignity, 149; war
against the infidels, 150; against the Koreish of Mecca, 152.
623 Battles of Beder; Ohud, 152, 153. A.D. 625, the nations, or the
623-627 ditch, 153. Mahomet subdues the Jews of Arabia, 154.
629 Mecca, 155. A.D. 629–632, conquest of Arabia, 157. A.D. 629,
630, first war of the Mahometans against the Roman empire, 158.
632 Death of Mahomet, 160; character, 162; private life, 163; his
wives, 164; children, 164. Character of Ali, 165. A.D. 632, reign
634 of Abubeker; A.D. 634, Omar; A.D. 644, Othman, 165, 166. Dis-
655 cord of the Turks and Persians, 166. Death of Othman, 168.
655-660, reign of Ali, 168; A.D. 655, or 661-680, of Moawiyah, 170.
680 Death of Hosein, 171. Posterity of Mahomet and Ali, 172.
Success of Mahomet, 174 permanency of his religion, 174;
his merits, 175.
CHAP. LI.-The Conquest of Persia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, and
Spain, by the Arabs or Saracens.-Empire of the Caliphs, or Suc-
cessors of Mahomet.-State of the Christians, &c., under their Go-
A.D. 632 Union of the Arabs, 176; their caliphs, 177; conquests,
636 179. Invasion of PERSIA, 180. A.D. 636, battle of Cadesia, 181.
637 Foundation of Bassora, 182. A.D. 637, sack of Madayn, 182.
637-651 Foundation of Cufa, 183. A.D. 637-651, conquest of
651 Persia, 184. A.D. 651, death of the last king, 185. A.D. 710, the
632 conquest of Transoxiana, 186. A.D. 632, invasion of SYRIA,
633 187. Siege of Bosra, 189. A.D. 633, siege of Damascus, 190.
634 Battle of Aiznadin, 191; return to Damascus, 193. A.D. 634, the
city taken by storm, 194; pursuit of the Damascenes, 195; fair
635 of Abyla, 197. A.D. 635, sieges of Heliopolis and Emesa, 198.
636 Battle of Yermuk, 200. A.D. 637, conquest of Jerusalem, 202.
638 Conquest of Aleppo and Antioch, 203; flight of Heraclius, 205; end
of the Syrian War, 206. A.D. 633-639, conquerors of Syria, 206.
639-655 Progress of the conquerors, 207. EGYPT. Character and
638 life of Amrou, 208. A.D. 638, invasion of Egypt, 209. The cities
of Memphis, Babylon, Cairo, 210; submission of the Copts or
Jacobites, 211; conquest of Alexandria, 212; the Alexandrian
library, 214; administration of Egypt, 216; riches and populous-
647 ness, 217. A.D. 647, AFRICA. First invasion by Abdallah, 219; the
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