We believe that Mayor Washington and the Council can and will help us. Incidentally this summer William Raspberry of the Washington Post carried a column in the Post of July 26 saying that we were able to avert a holocaust such as hit Detroit and Newark and the Watts area also by split seconds. We are that close to the problem, and I feel, I mean the businessmen of our area need help to provide the jobs, the housing, and the transportation, and to prevent our area from being destroyed like other cities.

Last night I attended an integrated meeting at the home of Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine, a leading Negro citizen of our area and one of the most distinguished Negro citizens of our area. We came together with a number of groups, the Midway Civic Association, I am speaking for this meeting last night. She was elected president and I was elected. secretary. Midway Civic Association, the Property Owners and Protective and Improvement Association, the Independent Property Owners, the Independent Citizens of Adams-Morgan, the Hyattsville Institute, the Kalorama Block Council, the Kalorama Restoration Site, the Lanier Place Group, and the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association.

Other groups are invited in join, and we offer our help to this new Council and to Mayor Washington in trying to get the jobs and the transportation and the housing that are so vital.

We are disturbed that there is so much talk, talk, talk about the problems in our area, and the failure of the District and Federal Governments to do anything about it.

We adopted a program last night that is simple, specific, and direct. It will work where the promises have failed and where the AdamsMorgan urban renewal project failed because it would have forced families and businesses out of our area.

Our Negro citizens say urban renewal is Negro removal, and it is. The CHAIRMAN. Again, Mr. Frain, I realize you have many problems in your 18th and Columbia Road area.

Mr. FRAIN. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And again I would hope that you could just file your statement in full in the record.

Mr. FRAIN. I will file it. I would like to make just one point-I mean these points. We would like to have President Johnson direct the GSA to call a halt at once to his present program of locating all of its buildings in such lily-white areas as south of Constitution Avenue, west of Connecticut Avenue, and in lily-white suburbia. Some of these buildings should and must be located in the inner city ghettos if we are to get the jobs of President Johnson and the insurance industry and Senator Kennedy and Senator Tydings and others have called for, and Senator Percy. We would like to ask President Johnson to launch a major campaign to carry out the promises listed on page 172 of the comprehensive plan for 1985 wnich calls for 20,000 jobs, about 5,000 of them Federal and 14th Street and Park Road and 5,000 jobs at 18th Street and Columbia Road, and it also calls for a unified highdensity combination of office buildings and shopping and service establishments and high-density residential development, an important element in all cases.

Third, call on the Senate District Committee, this is the program adopted last night, to retain the Columbia Heights subway line. This subway line was recently amended

The CHAIRMAN. Now again, Mr. Frain, I am perfectly happy but I do not want you to use this forum as the forum for the various things that you would like to bring before the District of Columbia Committee, that have no relation to these nominees. You say you are for these nominees, you support them, and you think they are fine men. Now, I suggest that we simply get this statement and whoever the nominees are when finally confirmed, that you furnish it to them and then we will be meeting on other days in the District of Columbia Committee and we will go into these various problems.

Mr. FRAIN. Of course, the problem, Mr. Chairman, is that unless the Senate District Committee-for instance, on the subway, in the Columbia Heights subway, if you on Tuesday-when you are going to hold hearings decide that the Columbia Heights subway is going to be deleted, and it throws our whole

The CHAIRMAN. That may be true, but if I am having a hearing on the transit problem and the subway, it looks to me like you ought to appear on Tuesday and not on Friday where we are considering the qualifications of the nominees. I am not trying to cut you off, but we do have to move forward. We have to hear the nine nominees yet, Mr. Frain. So why don't you just put the balance of your statement in the record if you don't mind.

Mr. FRAIN. Thank you very much.

(The prepared statement of Mr. Frain follows:)

SUMMARY AND ORAL STATEMENT OF THE EIGHTEENTH AND COLUMBIA ROAD BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

I am George Frain, I am Administrative Secretary of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. I am personally acquainted with Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy, J. C. Turner, and Mrs. Robert Shackleton. They are excellent, sound choices, as is John W. Hechinger as Chairman. We support the entire Board. There is an old Irish saying which sums up our view of the nominees: "May the road rise to meet you. May the wind be always at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rains fall soft upon your fields. And may the Lord hold you in the hollow of his hand."

The Congress and the White House can make the new Council a success or a failure by its support, or by withholding support. What will the White House and the Congress do if the Council comes out for historic preservation of the Willard Hotel, Jackson Hill, and the Rhodes Tavern; & opposes the destruction of the National Theater, and the National Press Building, as wasteful & costly? Jackson Hill, associated with 3 Presidents, is being destroyed by the Fed. Govt. What will happen if the Council votes to provide jobs in ghetto areas like the Cardozo and Adams-Morgan? Remember, President Johnson, the insurance industry, Senator Kennedy, and Senator Tydings have called for jobs in inner city areas. What happens if the new Council votes to tell the General Services Administration to locate new Federal buildings in the inner city ghettos instead of in the SW area, which is already stuffed full, Rosslyn or the white suburban areas? Suppose the Council called for tax incentives and other steps to help business and jobs locate in Cardozo-Adams-Morgan, where they are needed most? Of 32 new industrial parks planned, only 2 are in the District (Bd. of Trade News). What will happen if the Council demands the 20,000 jobs at 14th Street and Park Road, and the 5,000 jobs at 18th and Columbia Road and the "unified, high-density combination of office buildings, with high-density residential and service establishments, with high-density residential development an important element in all cases" promised in the 1985 Plan? Are these just to remain promises without action by the Congress and the White House?

Or just suppose the new Council votes to keep the Columbia Heights Subway line to serve the inner city ghetto areas? Will this Committee ignore the Council in this event? The House deleted this line quickly, before the new Council could be heard. The factors which cause the deletion of the Columbia Heights line will

militate against a line in the Shaw area. The subway, as amended by the House, is a class line to serve white suburbia, 2 hours a day.

Jobs, transportation, and Housing are vital in the inner city, to prevent the looting, burning and destruction which has destroyed other U.S. cities. Will the Congress and the Senate District Committee help the new Council provide jobs the subway, and housing in the inner city? If so, the Council will be a success, and our city will avoid the disasters which have hit other cities from coast-to-coast. City crime can be eliminated by jobs, transportation and housing faster than by any other means. The District and the new council needs-not promises-but help in these vital areas now, and fast.

COMPLETE STATEMENT AS SUBMITTED BY THE EIGHTEENTH AND COLUMBIA ROAD BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

I am George Frain, and I am Administrative Secretary of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. I will be very brief.

I am personally acquainted with three of President Johnson's nominees to the new D.C. Council, Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy whom I aided in his fight against the heartless excesses of the SW Urban Renewal Project; J. C. Turner of the AFLCIO; and Mrs. Robert Shackleton. I consider them excellent choices and I have no hesitancy in recommending them to our members. I have no reason to doubt the other nominees are equally dedicated and similarly motivated. John W. Hechinger, from all I have learned about him, will make an outstanding chairman. There is an old saying of the Irish, which sums up our feeling toward the new council members: "May the road rise to meet you. May the wind be always at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rains fall soft upon your fields. And may the Lord hold you in the hollow of his hand."

The question in our minds is whether the new Council will have the backing of the Congress and the White House in the crucial decisions, this is the key question. Or will the Congress seek to make the decisions and the new Council be forced to carry them out against its will? It is clear the Congress and the White House can make the new Council a success or a failure, can make it or break it. Here are some examples of what we have in mind:

1. Suppose the new Council takes a poll of District residents and finds them 9 to 1 against a highway, a bridge. Suppose the residents of the city are 9 to 1 for relocating the Kennedy Center and against buying or delaying the Watergate Project, and want the Kennedy Center located in midtown where the poor can reach it and tickets won't be $10 per person-or as high as the Lincoln Center in New York City, what will the Congress and the White House do? Would they support the Council, or tell it to mind its own business?

2. Suppose the new Council decides that the Congress established urban renewal to provide decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for slumdwellers, and that this purpose is more important than profitable downtown commercial renewal, city beautiful schemes and the F Street Plaza. Suppose the residents expressed themselves against tearing down historic structures such as the Willard Hotel, and the Rhodes Tavern where the British dined before setting fire to the White House and the Treasury in 1814. Suppose they thought the razing of the Washington Hotel, the National Theater, and the National Press Building was wasteful. For that matter, suppose District residents demanded that historic Jackson Hill, in the Zoo associated with Presidents Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and John Quincy Adams should be restored and opened to the public and visitors from all over the world and turned thumbs down on the current zoo plan to build an animal hospital on it-what would Congress do? Especially with an election coming up, and the cost of the Vietnam fighting, and all of these things being done with tax funds.

3. Suppose the new Council wants to provide jobs in ghetto areas as promised by President Johnson, the insurance industry, and as urged by the NCPC and many members of the Senate, including Senator Tydings and Senator Kennedy? What happens if the new Council votes to tell the GSA to locate new Federal buildings in the inner city ghettos instead of in the SW area, or in Rosslyn, or the almost entirely white suburban areas? What would happen if the Council flatly opposed the International Center at Washington circle because it would displace jobs and families?

4. Suppose the new Council votes to carry out the promises of the NCPC in the 1985 Plan to provide 20,000 jobs-5,000 of them Federal-at 14th Street and

Park Road, and to provide 5,000 jobs at 18th and Columbia Road and provide in these areas as promised in the 1985 Plan and I quote: "unified high-density combination of office buildings, with high-density residential and service establishments, with high-density residential development an important element in all cases"? Would this Committee support the Council in such a step? Or would you cut off its funds?

5. Suppose the new Council voted to oppose the deletion of the Columbia Heights Subway line, would this Committee support the Council?

There are many reasons for keeping that subway line, and they all have to do with the fact that it is the only line serving the poor people; everything else in the system supplies and serves the needs of the upper income families living in suburbia. If it becomes a class line instead of a mass line serving all classes, and all the people, the city is doomed.

At the very time the House was intent on its task of deleting this line, Dr. Robert C. Weaver, Secretary of HUD, was sending out letters to mayors in more than 200 cities asking if they could use Federal transit aid in an effort to help poor people get new jobs by improving transportation. He said a special Federallyaided HUD program in the Watts area, the scene of the 1965 riot in Los Angeles, had been very helpful in getting unemployed persons back to work. Dr. Weaver said, and I quote:

"Lack of job opportunities is a root factor in problems of economically depressed neighborhoods. More must be done to make existing jobs more accessible by improving transportation for qualified labor in depressed areas to employment centers where their skills are needed."

There was absolutely no mention of these crucial root factors in the House report or on the House Floor when the Columbia Heights line was deleted, though spokesmen for the inner city Cardoza project and our Association raised them in the hearings held by the House District Committee.

Only Congressman Jonathan B. Bingham (D-N.Y.) of the Bronx, New York, on the 9th said anything when this vital subway leg designed to serve 500,000 people 24 hours a day now-and possibly 2,000,000 by the year 2000-was deleted, and a subway serving 85,000 people, and a fraction of them at that, was voted in-which would cost $100,000,000-nearly twice as much as the $56,000,000 the Columbia Heights Line would cost. We think what Congressman Bingham said was prophetic, and we hope this Committee will take it to heart. He said:

"I am doubtful about the wisdom of discontinuing plans to construct a route through the Columbia Heights area of the city. While the statistics presented by the Washington Metropolitan Transportation Agency in support of its proposal seem persuasive, the facts remains that there will now be no subway route servicing the low-income inner city area. In this time of urban discontent, when one of the chief problems is unemployment among ghetto residents, the unavailability of cheap and convenient mass transportation only aggravates this problem, it seems an inappropriate and impolitic moment to eliminate the one subway line which would serve these people."

Incidentally, this statement, significant as it is, was submitted after the floor debate and appears in the Congressional Record of October 9 in the appendix on page A4973. It takes rare courage to buck the paid Federal Government lobbyists, as the new Council members will find out soon enough.

From all this you can see that we are counting on the new Council to provide jobs, and transportation, and housing in the inner city ghettos, and in the Cardozo Project. This is going to be a full-time job, just like fighting crime is going to be a full time job-but one of the best ways to fight crime is to provide jobs, transportation, and housing in the inner city areas. They are good insurance against violence and burning, looting and destruction in inner city areas. In fact, they are vital.

The Board of Trade in its October 1967 Economic Development Supplement publishes a map showing 32 planned industrial parks in the Washington metropolitan area, only 2 of which are in the District of Columbia. We would like to warn you that the size of the District's problems facing the new Council are staggering. They are summed up by two quotes, one by Leonard B. Doggett, Jr., President of the Board of Trade, the other by Senator Tydings. First, Leonard Doggett: "The steady reduction in jobs for the unskilled is causing the District many problems, as it is elsewhere in the nation, and will add to the burden of the District budget. *** It, therefore, seems quite clear that we must take a good hard look at the District's economic base and devise methods of broadening, stabilizing and strengthening it. We must develop land use policies and building

height limits which will increase District revenue by raising tax receipts. We must identify the kinds of jobs for our unemployed and then get them established at strategic locations within the center city.'

And now a quote from Senator Tydings which highlights the District's problems; it is from a statement condemning low-density zoning in D.C., which forces businesses to build outside the District. Sen. Tydings says:

"More than 50 percent of those living in the District in 1985 will be low-income families, who will need public subsidies even to meet their housing expenses. This forecast, in my view, envisions a disastrous situation. While business and residential growth in suburban areas is certainly desirable, all of this growth must not be concentrated in the suburbs while the center city becomes a massive poverty-stricken zone. *** this unbalanced development in the metropolitan area is inherently undesirable, and will severely damage the entire area by creating a stagnating slum at the heart of the Nation's Capital."

I would like to include, Mr. Chairman, as part of my remarks, a recent statement, a Star editorial, and a position paper by our association, urging, and calling for, steps by the District Government to provide jobs and housing in order to bring stability and progress to the Cardozo-Adams-Morgan inner city ghetto areas. We hope your Committee will help this troubled area before, and not after, a major disaster such as has befallen Detroit, Newark and many other cities during the past two years. The new Council cannot save our city without help. And we were on the brink of disaster this summer, according to a reliable report in the Washington Post of July 26 by William Raspberry, columnist.

[From the (Washington, D.C.) Evening Star, Oct. 18, 1967]

LIFE IN THE CITY

The announcement that Charlie Byrd, the popular guitar strummer, is switching his base of operations to Silver Spring was no doubt welcomed by those who lament the poverty of night life in the suburbs.

We regret it-partially because this is the sort of after-dark attraction which belongs in the city, not stashed away on the outskirts. We regret it much more, however, not on Byrd's account, but for what his departure from his old stamping grounds in the vicinity of Eighteenth Street and Columbia Road NW. symbolizes. It is one more evidence of the decay and deterioration which is stifling an area of the city which ought to be bustling with life and activity.

There was some hope, a few years ago, that this area might be revitalized through urban renewal. For a variety of reasons, that failed. Lately, businessmen along the two hub streets of the Adams-Morgan neighborhood have pleaded with the District government for a new zoning reclassification which would offer sufficient incentives, through the allowance of increased building heights and densities, to stimulate private reconstruction of run-down business properties.

A couple of weeks ago, the zoning commission granted a new classification which was supposed to encourage, among other things, ground floor shops and other retail uses in new buildings with apartments on the upper levels. According to the businessmen, however, the densities allowed are not sufficient to make any substantial amount of reconstruction feasible. The commission, in turn, instructed its staff to survey the needs further. Just the other day, the neighborhood community council opposed any further zoning changes, however, until a “total neighborhood plan" has been prepared. There the situation stands.

And the danger is, of course, that there it may stand indefinitely. Perhaps the businessmen's complaints are exaggerated-such positions are not unknown in zoning cases where every additional foot of building space means more dollars of profit. This is a stalemate, however, in which the new city government, when it assumes office, should take an active interest. Whatever the merits of the immediate dispute, the old ground rules haven't worked. The responsibility of the city government is to assure itself in areas such as this that there are new rules which will work.

[From the Board of Trade News, October 1967-Economic Development Supplement] PLANNED INDUSTRIAL PARKS IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA

1. Washington Science Center.

2. Washington-Rockville Ind. Park.