TH CHAP. XVI. Of PARENT and CHILD. I. HE third, and most universal, private Relation is that of PARENT and CHILD. 2. CHILDREN are, 1. LEGITIMATE; being thofe who are born in lawful Wedlock, or within a competent time after. 2. BASTARDS, being those who are not fo. 3. The Duties of Parents to LEGITIMATE Children are, 1. Maintenance. 2. Protection. 3. Educa tion. 4. The Power of Parents confifts principally in Correction, and Confent to Marriage. Both may after Death be delegated by Will to a Guardian; and the former alfo, living the Parent, to a Tutor or Master. 5. The Duties of LEGITIMATE Children to Parents are Obedience, Protection, and Maintenance. 6. The Duty of Parents to BASTARDS is only that of Maintenance. 7. The Rights of a BASTARD are fuch only as he can acquire; for he is incapable of inheriting any thing. CHAP. CHAP. XVII. Of GUARDIAN and WARD. I. THE fourth private Relation is that of GUARDIAN and WARD, which is plainly derived from the laft; these being, during the Continuance of their Relation, reciprocally fubject to the same Rights and Duties. 2. GUARDIANS are of divers Sorts: 1. Guardians by Nature, or the Parents. 2. Guardians for Nurture, affigned by the ecclefiaftical Courts. 3. Guardians in Socage, affigned by the common Law. 4. Guardians by Statute, affigned by the Father's Will. All fubject to the Superintendance of the Court of Chancery. 3. FULL AGE in Male or Female for all Purposes is the Age of twenty one Years; (different Ages being allowed for different Purposes ;) till which Age the Perfon is an INFANT. 4. An INFANT, in respect of his tender Years, hath various Privileges, and various Difabilities, în Law: Chiefly with regard to Suits, Crimes, Eftates, and Contracts. CHAP. CHAP. XVIII. Of CORPORATIONS. I. pre ODIES politic, or CORPORATIONS, which are ARTIFICIAL Perfons, are established for ferving in perpetual Succeffion certain Rights; which, being conferred on NATURAL Perfons only, would fail in Procefs of Time. 2. Corporations are, 1. AGGREGATE, confifting of many Members. 2. SOLE, confifting of one Person only. 3. Corporations are alfo either SPIRITUAL, erected to perpetuate the Rights of the Church; or LAY. And the LAY are, 1. CIVIL; erected for many temporal Purposes. 2. ELEEMOSYNARY; erected to perpetuate the Charity of the Founder. 4. Corporations are usually erected, and named, by virtue of the King's royal Charter; but but may be created by Act of Parliament. 5. The Powers incident to all Corporations are, 1. To maintain perpetual Succeffion. 2. To act in their corporate Capacity like an Individual. 3. To hold Lands, fubject to the Statutes of Mortmain. 4. To have a common Seal. 5. To make By-Laws. Which laft Power, in fpiritual, or eleemofynary Corporations, may be executed by the King or the Founder. 6. The Duty of Corporations is to answer the Ends of their Inftitution. 7. To enforce this Duty, all Corporations may be VISITED Spiritual Corporations by the Ordinary; Lay Corporations by the Founder, or his Reprefentatives; viz. the civil by the King (who is the Fundator incipiens of all) represented in his Court of King's Bench; the eleemofynary by the Endower (who is the Fundator perficiens of fuch) or by his Heirs or Affigns. 8. Corporations may be diffolved, 1. By Act of Parliament. 2. By the natural Death of all their Members. 3. By Surrender of their Franchises. 4. By Forfeiture of their Charter. Воок THE SECOND. Of the RIGHTS of THINGS. CHAPTER I. Of PROPERTY, in general. A I. LL DOMINION over external Objects has it's Original from the Gift of the Creator to Man in general. 2. The SUBSTANCE of Things was, at first, common to all Mankind; yet a temporary Property, in the USE of them, might even then be acquired, and continued, by OCCUPANCY. 3. In Process of Time a permanent Property was established in the SUBSTANCE, as well as the USE, of Things; which was alfo originally acquired by OCCUPANCY only. 4. Left this Property should determine by the Owner's Dereliction, or Death, whereby the Thing would again become common, Societies have efta blished |