Detail. Each regiment of cavalry, estimated at 6 troops of 75 men, requires in the field For carriage of tents (1 mule to 3 tents) Portable forge Hospital pannier Veterinary surgeon panniers For carriage of camp kettles, entrenching tools, picket posts, breast- Waterbags Pay-master and quarter master Pack mules. 15 1 1 1 15 1 4 38 Also for hospital marquee, 1 cart and 2 horses. Each infantry regiment of 8 companies requires Also for hospital marquee, 1 cart and 2 horses. Engineer Transport. In the Crimea there were eight companies of Sappers. They required For stationery, books, instruments, &c., 1 cart and 1 mule 8 draft mules, 8 light carts. to each company The engineer field equipment train belongs to the engineer department, and carries the engineer tools and stores. The pontoon train is also in charge of the engineers. Infantry Reserve Ammunition. This is divided into the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd reserves: the 1st reserve is carried by the artillery; the 2nd and 3rd reserves by the land transport. The service is thus calculated: 1000 rounds infantry ammunition weigh 100 lbs. ; the average load of a mule is 200 lbs. ; each mule can, therefore, carry 2000 rounds. A sixhorse waggon carries 16 cwt. or about 16,000 rounds. The 2nd reserve, consisting of 150 rounds per man, is carried partly by mules, partly in waggons. The 3rd reserve, at a convenient distance in rear of the 2nd, is conveyed in waggons. The Artillery Transport. The artillery transport is independent of the land transport corps except as regards the hospitals and ambulance. For the service of the field artillery in the Crimea a train was formed at Woolwich for the conveyance of the field artillery and infantry reserve ammunition as follows: For field artillery reserve train. Companies of foot artillery were attached to this The infantry reserve is only the 1st reserve as above stated, which must be carried close in rear of the troops; but if the army had advanced, mules would have been required for the purpose of carrying the ammunition over broken ground to the men, perhaps engaged with the enemy, where waggons could not go. Land Transport. * The organization of the Land Transport is divisional; each division of the army has a division of the land transport attached to it. Its intended strength was 173 European and 400 native drivers, in all 573. The average number of men in a division of the English army is 5,000. It will be seen hereafter that with a division of the French army of 10,000 men, the number of men employed in the field train or land transport duties are only 3.00. * Now called the "Military Train," organised in battalions. Sea Transport. In the Crimea the army was entirely dependent on supplies brought by sea; at the head of this department was an admiral superintendent, who had the control of all the transports in the eastern waters. At each principal port there was a naval officer as "captain of the port." The duties of a captain of the port are to superintend all embarkations and disembarkations in concert with a quartermastergeneral's officer, who is the mouthpiece of the commander of the army; to regulate the anchorage of the different vessels in the harbour; to keep the commander-in-chief acquainted by a daily return of the number and capacity of vessels which may have arrived or departed during the preceding twenty-four hours. If an expedition by sea be determined on, the captain of the port must furnish information at a moment's notice of the number, names, and capacity of the ships he proposes to allot for the conveyance of a given number of men, horses, guns, provisions, and medical stores, together with the order in which they will load (in a small harbour like Balaklava, this is very essential); and the quartermaster-general having made his distribution according to the information supplied, the captain of the port, in conjunction with the officer of the quartermaster C general's department who superintends the embarkation, must carry out that distribution to the letter. In such a service everything depends on the degree of cordiality and accord which exists between the naval and military authorities. Combinations of Movement. Combinations of movement may be said to embrace everything above mentioned, and in addition, every possible military detail which has not been mentioned, except such as relate to actual collision with the enemy. The March. Large armies can seldom march by the same route (although instances have occurred, particularly during the Russian campaign of 1812, when two vast armies, Russian and French, were marching on the same road, the one retreating the other pursuing). The different corps must in general march by different routes. If retreating, their march may be convergent or divergent according to circumstances; but in advancing towards an enemy, the march of the several divisions or corps of an army must always be convergent, and their concentration effected at a safe distance from the enemy. Accuracy in this respect is vitally important; the fate of a battle, of a campaign, even of a dynasty, have often depended on the successful and accurate con |