tax levy for "bridges," based upon petitions by the townships for county aid, if a part of the petitions are sufficient the portion of the levy based thereon should be sustained, even though the portion based upon the insufficient petitions must fail.

6. SAME-appropriation of money does not require the money to be on hand. A county tax levy for bridges is not invalid because a resolution by the county board for issuing warrants to pay certain expenses connected with the building of the bridges, against funds theretofore "appropriated" for that purpose, showed that there was no money in the county treasury at that time, as it is not essential to the validity of an appropriation that the funds to meet the same be on hand.

APPEAL from the County Court of Whiteside county; the Hon. R. W. E. MITCHELL, Judge, presiding.

CHARLES A. VILAS, (EDWARD M. HYZER, of counsel,) for appellant.

J. J. LUDENS, State's Attorney, for appellee.

Mr. JUSTICE CARTER delivered the opinion of the court:

This is an appeal by the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company from an order of the county court of Whiteside county wherein the objections of the appellant were overruled and judgment entered for delinquent taxes against its property.

The specific item of the levy of the county board of supervisors objected to is "bridges, $25,000." The evidence in the record upon which the levy for this item was based consists of a resolution and levy by the county board and of petitions and proceedings of the various townships for county aid in the construction and repair of bridges and approaches, under section 19 of the Road and Bridge act. (Hurd's Stat. 1908, p. 1834.) Said section 19 was amended. in 1909, changing the twenty cents on the $100 to twelve cents, (Hurd's Stat. 1909, p. 1915,) but the change does not appear to affect this case, the petitions for county aid all being filed in 1907 and 1908 and the briefs do not make

any point of the change. From this record it appears there were some fifteen different petitions from different towns, involving many more bridges, for which this levy was attempted to be made. The work proposed includes not only the construction of new bridges, but the repair of old ones and the approaches and abutments thereof. In some of these petitions for county aid presented by the township authorities several bridges were called for in each petition, and the amount appropriated by the county was in a lump sum for all the bridges under a given petition. This court held in People v. Board of Supervisors, 234 Ill. 412, that it was not the intention of the legislature, under said section 19 of the Road and Bridge act, "to require county aid in the construction of every or all bridges which the commissioners of highways in the several towns might determine to construct, but that such aid is required by said section of the statute only in exceptional cases, and only where the cost of a single bridge will be more than twenty cents on the $100 on the latest assessment roll, otherwise it would be possible for a town to aggregate the cost of all bridges to be constructed in the town, and the county in which the town was located could be required, under the statute, to pay one-half of the cost of every bridge constructed in the town if the aggregate of the cost of all the bridges exceeded twenty cents on the $100 of the latest assessment roll, which clearly was not the object sought to be accomplished by the said section of the statute." A number of these petitions presented to the county board by the township officials were not in conformity with this holding, and it was contrary to law for the county to grant aid on such petitions. This court has frequently held that a failure to comply with the substantial requirements of the statute is not an irregularity, merely, but an omission which vitiates the tax. (Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co. v. People, 213 Ill. 458; People v. Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago Railway Co. 237 id. 312.) Some of the petitions, however, that

asked for aid in building more than one bridge, provided that "the cost of building each one of said new bridges will be more than twenty cents on the $100 on the latest assessment roll of said town." A petition in that form is in conformity with the law.

When the valid portions of the tax can be distinguished and separated from the illegal or invalid portions this should be done, objections to the invalid portions sustained and judgment entered for the valid portions. (Siegfried v. Raymond, 190 Ill. 424; People v. Centralia Gas and Electric Co. 238 id. 113.) The petitions of the township authorities that conform to the law can be separated without difficulty from those that did not conform to the law in the respect that has just been considered. The county court should have sustained the objections to that portion of the tax where the petitions did not show that the cost of each bridge was more than twenty cents on the $100 on the latest assessment roll. The court rightly overruled, however, the objections on this point when the petitions showed that the cost of building or repairing each bridge or building each approach would be more than twenty cents on the $100 on the latest assessment roll of the township.

The further objection is made that the county board should have subdivided the levy for bridges by showing in the levy how much of the money was to be used for building new bridges, how much for repairing bridges and how much for the approaches or abutments. The item “bridges" fairly includes the building of new bridges, the repair of old ones and the building of approaches or abutments. (People v. Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago Railway Co. supra.) The approaches or abutments are usually a part of the bridge. State v. Illinois Central Railroad Co. 246 Ill. 188.

The appellant further contends that the objection to the entire bridge tax should have been sustained because the county board, on September 15, 1909, adopted a resolution in which they provided for issuing warrants to pay certain

expenses connected with building these bridges, against the funds theretofore “appropriated" for that purpose, the resolution showing that there was no money at that time in the county treasury. It is argued that to "appropriate" means to set aside for a particular use a sum or amount of money on hand, and that unless the money is on hand there can be no legal appropriation. It is not essential to the validity of the appropriation that funds to meet the same should be at the time in the treasury. As a matter of fact, there are seldom in the treasury the necessary funds to meet the several amounts appropriated for any given year. An appropriation may legally be made of revenue to accrue in the future. (People v. Brooks, 16 Cal. 11; Shattuck v. Kincaid, 31 Ore. 379; 4 Ency. of L. & P. 1227.) If the contentions of counsel on this point were sustained it would effectually prevent the issuing of anticipation warrants to be paid out of taxes already levied by public authorities under chapter 146a. (Hurd's Stat. 1909, p. 2275.)

The further argument is made that the statements filed with the county board were not sufficiently itemized to authorize the expenditure by the county for the building and repairing of the bridges, abutments and approaches. It is not pointed out in what special particular these statements were faulty. We have examined the statements in question and deem them in conformity with the statute.

Except in the respect heretofore pointed out as to certain petitions, we think the records show that the county board had jurisdiction to authorize the levy of the tax in question.

The judgment of the county court will be reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to enter judgment in accordance with the views herein expressed.

Reversed and remanded, with directions.

THE PEOPLE ex rel. H. M. Sanders, County Collector, Appellee, vs. THE TOLEDO, ST. LOUIS AND WESTERN RAILROAD COMPANY, Appellant.

Opinion filed February 25, 1911.

1. TAXES―additional road tax is not intended for ordinary repairs or work. The additional road tax which is authorized by section 14 of the Roads and Bridges act to be raised in view of a contingency is not intended for ordinary road and bridge expenses but for something that does not occur in the ordinary course of events, and the mere fact that roads and bridges may become out of repair from "excessive rains and washes" is not sufficient to authorize such tax.

2. SAME-town cannot levy road tax under labor system after voting to adopt the cash system. After a township has voted upon and adopted the cash system of levying taxes for road purposes it has no power to levy a tax under the labor system, as the two systems are distinct.

3. SAME statutory rate of road tax in force when tax is extended controls. The amendment of section 119 of the Roads and Bridges act, which went into effect July 1, 1909, and which reduces the road and bridge tax rate from forty cents to twenty-five cents, must be followed by the county clerk when extending taxes after July 1, notwithstanding the highway commissioners levied such tax at the rate of forty cents before July 1, which they had power to do by the law then in force.

4. SAME "sanitary tax" is subject to reduction. A tax levied by a sanitary district and designated a "sanitary tax" is not necessarily a "levee tax," within the meaning of the amended Revenue law of 1909, and is subject to reduction under the provisions of that act. (People v. Chicago and Alton Railroad Co. 248 Ill. 417, followed.)

APPEAL from the County Court of Madison county; the Hon. J. E. HILLSKOTTER, Judge, presiding.

C. E. POPE, and BURROUGHS & RYDER, for appellant.

W. H. STEAD, Attorney General, J. F. GILLHAM, State's Attorney, and Fred H. Hand, (JUNE C. SMITH, of counsel,) for appellee.