dition to Chicago, county of Cook and State of Illinois, together with all buildings and improvements thereupon, also all and any real estate that we or either of us may own or possess or be interested in at the time of the decease of either of us.

"3rd. All the personal property of whatever name or nature which we or either of us may possessed or entitled to at decease, is by these presents given, devised and bequeathed to the survivor of us, the makers of this will who also shall have the entire benefit of all incomes, rents, interests and etc., of the estate left to said survivor to be used by him or her as the case may be free and undisturbed during his or her natural life.

"4th. We give and bequeath to our niece, Annie Kuehle, wife of Louis Kuehle, the sum of two thousand (2000) dollars to be paid to her out of our estate as soon as possible after approval of this will by the honorable court.

"5th. We give and bequeath to Michael H. Younkes, our nephew's son, who is now about twenty (20) years of age, the sum of one thousand (1000) dollars to be paid to him as soon as possible after the approval of this will by the said court.

“6th.—After the decease of both of us the makers of this will, we give and bequeath in equal shares the residue of our estate to our heirs from both sides."

Elizabeth Zimmer left no personal property, and neither she nor her husband owned any real estate other than that described in the will, either when the will was executed or at her death. On June 14, 1905, Nicholas Zimmer conveyed to Annie Kuehle, the defendant in error, the undivided two-fifths of such real estate, and she thereupon filed a bill for the partition of the premises, making parties the heirs of Elizabeth Zimmer upon the allegation that they claimed an interest in the land but averring that the will devised the premises to Nicholas Zimmer in fee simple.

The plaintiffs in error claim that the will devised to Nicholas Zimmer a life estate, only, in the premises.

Under section 13 of the Conveyance act the second clause of the will devised the premises to Nicholas Zimmer in fee simple, unless limited by some other clause in the will. The sixth clause, however, expressly declares that after the death of both of the makers of the will the residue of the estate shall go to the heirs of both. The plaintiffs in error contend that the residue mentioned in the sixth clause is the remainder after the termination of the life estate, which they insist is all that was devised to Nicholas Zimmer, while the defendant in error contends that such residue is only the personal property which may remain after his death. The decree of the circuit court was in accordance with the latter claim and awarded partition as prayed in the bill.

The whole object in the construction of wills is to arrive at the intention of the testator, and for this purpose every part of the will must be considered in relation to every other part. As has been said, the second clause of this will is sufficient to devise the premises to Nicholas Zimmer in fee simple. Such must be its effect if the second clause and the third clause are to be regarded as independent of each other, the one dealing with real estate, the other with personal property. They are not, however, to be so construed. Though each one of the sentences of this will after the introduction is written and numbered as a separate paragraph, this circumstance has but little weight in determining the meaning. The punctuation or paragraphing of an instrument will not ordinarily be permitted to control its meaning. These two sentences are the important part of the will and are intended to constitute the principal disposition of the estate. Read together they express the intention to give all the real estate and all the personal property of the joint makers of the will to the survivor of them, who shall receive the income, rent and interest of the estate, to

be used by him or her, as the case may be, free and undisturbed during his or her natural life. The residue devised by the sixth clause is the remainder after the death of the survivor of the testator and testatrix.

The defendant in error insists that the third clause should be regarded as referring to the personal estate, only. This might be true if the clause could be separated from the rest of the will and considered by itself. Even in that case the word "rents" cannot be properly used in connection with personal property, though it is sometimes loosely and incorrectly so applied. The amount of personal property the makers of the will owned at the time the will was executed does not appear, although it does appear that Mrs. Zimmer at her death left no personal estate. It seems an unreasonable construction to hold that it was intended that the survivor should take the real estate in fee simple and only a life estate in the personal property, and that provision should be made that the personal property, and not the real estate, should go, after the death of such survivor, to the heirs. The use of the words "rents" and "estate" tends to support the contrary view.

Our conclusion is that the second and third clauses of the will are to be read together; that the language of the third clause limits that of the second, and that the will devised a life estate, only, to Nicholas Zimmer. Defendant in error by her deed from him therefore acquired an estate for his life, only, and has no right to demand a partition of the fee.

The decree of the superior court is reversed and the cause remanded. Reversed and remanded.

THE PEOPLE ex rel. H. H. Whitlock, County Collector, Appellee, vs. THE CHICAGO AND EASTERN ILLINOIS RAILROAD COMPANY, Appellant.

Opinion filed April 19, 1911.

1. TAXES―town may levy small sum for contingent expenses. A town may levy a small sum for "contingent expenses" without specifying the purposes of the tax with any greater particularity, and if the only objection to such tax is that the items going to make up the total amount are not specified, there being no claim that the amount is excessive, the objection is properly overruled.

2. SAME―clectors cannot levy tax to pay outstanding claims against town. The statute does not authorize the electors at a town meeting to levy taxes to pay outstanding charges and claims against the town, and as the electors derive their taxing powers solely from the statute, any tax levied by them for a purpose not authorized is void.

3. SAME when board of town auditors must audit claim. The action of the electors at a town meeting in providing for the building of a town hall and for the payment of the indebtedness therefor in three yearly installments creates a charge against the town and exhausts the power of the electors, and it is then the duty of the board of town auditors each year to audit an installment of the claim and certify the same to the town clerk, to be included by him in the amount certified by him to the county clerk to be raised by taxation.

APPEAL from the County Court of Vermilion county; the Hon. LAWRENCE T. ALLEN, Judge, presiding.

H. M. STEELY, for appellant.

J. H. LEWMAN, State's Attorney, and ACTON & ACTON, for appellee.

Mr. JUSTICE COOKE delivered the opinion of the court: The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company has appealed from a judgment rendered by the county court of Vermilion county against its property for certain taxes levied by the towns of Ross and Blount, in that county,

for the year 1909. Appellant objected to the taxes levied for contingent expenses in each of those towns. In each instance the levy was "for the payment of contingent expenses necessarily incurred for the use and benefit of the town," the levy in the town of Ross being for the sum of $609 and that of the town of Blount being for the sum of $500. The only objection made in the court below and the only objection urged here to the levy of those taxes is, that the levy in each case is not a sufficient specification of the purposes for which the tax is levied, and that the items going to make up the amount levied should have been specified. No objection was made as to the amount of the levy on the ground that it was excessive. This identical question has recently been before us and has been determined contrary to the appellant's contention. In People v. Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago Railway Co. 247 Ill. 360, the same objection was made to a levy of $500 made by the town of Harrisburg, in Saline county, to pay contingent expenses. In passing upon this objection we there said (p. 363): "Appellant objects to this item of taxes because the purposes for which the levy is made are not specifically stated. A contingent fund is necessary for all municipal corporations. The reason for making such a levy is to provide a fund, usually a small one, out of which items of expenses which will necessarily arise during the year, and which can not appropriately be classified under any of the specific purposes for which other taxes are levied, may be paid. If all of the purposes for which a contingent fund could be used could be foreseen, so as to enable the municipality to specify each particular purpose, then no contingent fund would be necessary. Every detailed item of expense would be classified under its appropriate name. It is because it is impracticable to always provide in advance for incidental expenses that will arise during the year that a contingent fund is usually provided by the various municipalities of the State." The only objection made in that case was the one which is