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rogation, it would have fallen vaftly short of the Majefty requifite to the Subject in debate. But as it is, the Energy and Rapidity that appears in every Question and Answer, and the quick Replies to his own Demands, as if they were the Objections of another Perfon, not only renders his Oration more fublime and lofty, but more plaufible and probable. For the Pathetic then works the most surprizing Effects upon us, when it feems not fitted to the Subject by the Skill of the Speaker, but to flow opportunely from it. And this Method of questioning and answering to ones felf, imitates the quick Emotions of a Paffion in its Birth. For in common Conversation, when People are queftion'd, they are warm'd at once, and answer the Demands put to them, with Earneftness and Truth. And thus this Figure of Queftion and Answer is of wonderful efficacy in prevailing upon the Hearer, and impofing on him a Belief, that those Things, which are ftudied and laboured, are uttered without Premeditation, in the Heat and Fluency of Discourse.

[What

follows here is the beginning of a Sentence now maim'd and imperfect, but 'tis evident from the few Words yet remaining, that the Author was going to add another Inftance of the use of this Figure

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Figure from Herodotus.]

**

SECTION XIX.

* [The beginning of

this Section is loft, but the Sense is easily fupplied from what immediately follows.] Another great Help in attaining Grandeur, is banishing the Copulatives at a proper Season. For Sentences, artfully divefted of Conjunctions, drop fmoothly down, and the Periods are poured along in fuch a manner, that they feem to outftrip the very Thought of the Speaker. "Then, fays Xenophon, * clofing "their Shields together, they were push'd,

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they fought, they flew, they were flain." So Eurylochus in Homer: †

We went, Ulyffes! (Juch was thy Command)
Thro' the lone Thicket, and the defart Land.

A Palace in a woody Vale we found,

Brown with dark Forefts, and with Shades around.
Mr. Pope.

For Words of this fort diffevered from one another, and yet uttered at the fame time with Precipitation, carry with them the En

ergy

Rerum Græc. p. 219. ed. Oxon. & in Orat. de Agefil.

+ Odyf. x. v. 251.

So

ergy and Marks of a Confternation, which at once reftrains and accelerates the Words. skilfully has Homer rejected the Conjunctions.

SECTION XX.

BUT nothing fo effectually moves, as a heap of Figures combined together. For when two or three are linked together in firm Confederacy, they communicate Strength, Efficacy, and Beauty to one another. So in Demofthenes' Oration * against Midias, the Afyndetons are blended and mix'd together with the Repetitions and lively Defcription. "There “ are feveral Turns in the Gesture, in the "Look, in the Voice of the Man, who does "Violence to another, which it is impoffible for "the Party that fuffers fuch Violence, to exઠંડ "prefs." And that the course of his Oration might not languish or grow dull by a further Progress in the fame Track (for Calmnefs and Sedateness attend always upon Order, but the Pathetic always rejects Order, because it throws the Soul into Transport and Emotion) he paffes immediately to new Afyndetons and fresh Repetitions---" in the Gefture, in the Look, in the "Voice--when like a Ruffian, when like an Ene

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when with his Fift, when on the Face."-

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Pag. 337. ed. Par.

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The effect of thefe Words upon his Judges, is like that of the Blows of him who made the Affault; the Strokes fall thick upon one ano ther, and their very Souls are fubdued by fo violent an Attack. Afterwards, he charges again with all the Force and Impetuofity of Hurricanes: "When with his Fift, when on "the Face". "Thefe Things affect, thefe "Things exafperate Men unused to such Out

rages. No body in giving a Recital of these Things can exprefs the Heinousness of "them." By frequent Variation, he every where preserves the natural Force of his Repetitions and Afyndetons, so that with him Order feems always difordered, and Disorder carries with it a furprizing Regularity.

SECTION XXI.

TO illuftrate the foregoing Obfervation, let us imitate the Stile of Ifocrates, and infert the Copulatives in this Paffage, wherever they may feem requifite. "Nor indeed is one Ob"fervation to be omitted, that he who com"mits Violence on another, may do many "Things, &c. ---- first in his Gefture, then in "his Countenance, and thirdly in his Voice, which, c. And if &c. And if you proceed to infert the Conjunctions, you will find, that by fmoothing

fmoothing the Roughness, and filling up the Breaks by fuch Additions, what was before forcibly, furprizingly, irrefiftibly pathetical, will lofe all its Energy and Spirit, will have all its Fire immediately extinguished. To bind theLimbs of Racers, is to deprive them of active Motion and the Power of Stretching. In like manner the Pathetic, when embaraffed and entangled in the Bonds of Copulatives, cannot fubfift without difficulty, It is quite depriv'd of Liberty in its Race, and divested of that Impetuofity, by which it ftrikes the very Inftant it is discharged.

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SECTION XXII.

HYPERBATONS alfo are to be rank'd among the serviceable Figures. An Hyperbaton is a tranfpofing of Words or Thoughts out of their natural and grammatical Order, and it is a Figure ftamped as it were with the trueft Image of a moft forcible Paffion. 2 When Men are actuated either by Wrath, or Fear, or Indignation, or Jealousy, or any of thofe numberlefs Paffions incident to the Mind, which cannot be reckoned up, they fluctuate here, and there, and every where'; are ftill upon forming new Refolutions, and breaking thro' Measures before concerted, with

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