(males, 10,669,635; females, 1,836,288); ages, 10 to 15, 739,164; 16 to 59, 11,081,517; 60 and over, 685,242; born in the United States, 9,802,034; Germany, 836,418; Ireland, 947,234; England and Wales, 301,795; Scotland, 71,922; British America, 189,318; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 109,658; France, 58,200; China and Japan, 46,274. According to the leading subdivision, these people are classed as engaged in agriculture, in "professional and personal services," in "trade and transportation" and in "manufactures and mining," with the following personal statistics : 1. Persons engaged in Agriculture, 5,922,471 (males, 5,525,503; females, 396,968); ages, 10 to 15, 499,558; 16 to 59, 4,959,890; 60 and over, 463,023; born in the United States, 5,303,363; Germany, 224,531; Ireland, 138,425; England and Wales, 77,173; Scotland, 17,850; British America, 48,288; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 50,480; France, 16,472; China and Japan, 2861. 2. Persons engaged in Professional and Personal Services, 2,684,793 (males, 1,618,121; females, 1,066,672); ages, 10 to 15, 149,491; 16 to 59, 2,428,147; 60 and over, 107,155; born in the United States, 1,858,178; Germany, 191,212; Ireland, 425,087; England and Wales, 49,905; Scotland, 12,672; British America, 48,014; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 29,333; France, 13,102; China and Japan, 19,471. 3. Persons engaged in Trade and Transportation, 1,191,238 (males, 1,172,540; females, 18,698); ages, 10 to 15, 14,472; 16 to 59, 1,149,042; 60 and over, 27,724; born in the United States, 862,653; Germany, 112,435; Ireland, 119,094; England and Wales, 32,086; Scotland, 8440; British America, 16,565; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 9564; France, 8654; China and Japan, 2250. 4. Persons engaged in Manufactures and Mining, 2,707,421 (males, 2,353,471; females, 353,950); ages, 10 to 15, 75,643; 16 to 59, 2,544,438; 60 and over, 87,340; born in the United States, 1,777,840; Germany, 308,240; Ireland, 264,628; England and Wales, 142,631; Scotland, 32,960; British America, 76,451; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 20,281; France, 19,972; China and Japan, 21,962. The two leading occupations included in the second class just given furnished employment to nearly four-fifths (2,007,400) of the whole number engaged in personal and professional services, the returns being as follows: Domestic Servants, 975,734 (males, 108,380; females, 867,354); ages, 10 to 15, 109,503; 16 to 59, 838,400; 60 and over, 27,822; born in the United States, 729,180; Germany, 42,866; Ireland, 145,956; England and Wales, 12,531; Scotland, 3399; British America, 14,878; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 11,287; France, 2874; China and Japan, 5420. Laborers (not specified), 1,031,666 (males, 1,010,345; females, 21,321); ages, 10 to 15, 32,159; 16 to 59, 948,404; 60 and over, 51,103; born in the United States, 602,075; Germany, 96,432; Ireland, 229,199; England and Wales, 21,932; Scotland, 5723; British America, 25,394; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 15,459; France, 4832; China and Japan, 9436. The largest

single entry under the heading "persons engaged in trade and transportation" was the following: Clerks in Stores, 222,504 (males, 216,310; females, 6194); ages, 10 to 15, 7085; 16 to 59, 213,588; 60 and over, 1831; born in the United States, 181,478; Germany, 16,886; Ireland, 9532; England and Wales, 5341; Scotland, 1537; British America, 2732; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 1044; France, 1166; China and Japan, 207. There was also the following separate return: Bookkeepers and Accountants in Stores, 31,177 (males, 30,884; females, 293); ages, 10 to 15, 63; 16 to 59, 30,563; 60 and over, 551; born in the United States, 24,494; Germany, 2250; Ireland, 1524; England and Wales, 1259; Scotland, 490; British America, 447; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 74; France, 186; China and Japan, 38. In the class engaged in manufactures and mining the number of "manufacturers" returned as such (meaning, of course, proprietors of establishments) was 42,877 (males, 42,687; females, 190); 16 to 59, 40,898; 60 and over, 1979; born in the United States, 31,962; Germany, 4896; Ireland, 1817; England and Wales, 2189; Scotland, 447 ; British America, 506; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 151; France, 308; China and Japan, 22.

The question of the nativity of the inhabitants of this country (how many are native- and how many are foreign-born, with the nationalities of the latter) is so interesting that we feel that no apology is necessary for giving some facts from the census with reference to this important matter. The total foreign-born population of the United States in 1870 was 5,567,229, while the native population was 32,991,142. The foreign-born population in 1850 was 2,244,602, or 9.68 per cent. of the total population. In 1860 it was 4,138,697, or 13.16 per cent. of the total population; and in 1870 it was 14.44 per cent. of the total population. This increase in the proportion indicates a greater increase in the foreign-born population than in the native, and the exact figures are as follows: Increase of native population between 1850 and 1860, 31.80 per cent.; increase of foreign-born population during the same period, 88.84 per cent. Increase of native population between 1860 and 1870, 20.83 per cent.; increase of foreignborn population during the same period, 34.50 per cent. The leading States in foreign-born population in 1870 were New York (1,138,353), Pennsylvania (545,309), Illinois (515,198), Ohio (372,493), Wisconsin (364,499) and Massachusetts (353,319). The following statement from the census report gives

The Foreign-born Population, distributed according to Place of Birth among the principal Foreign Countries.

The German population came from so many different States that a special table was prepared in the census office of the

German Population distributed according to Place of Birth among the principal

The leading States in German population were New York (316,902), Illinois (203,758), North Carolina (182,897), Wisconsin (162,314) and Pennsylvania (160,146), these five States containing 1,026,017 (60.75 per cent.) or more than three-fifths of the total German population. There were 151,216 Germans in the city of New York, 59,040 in St. Louis, 52,318 in Chicago, 50,746 in Philadelphia and 49,448 in Cincinnati. The leading States in Irish population were New York (528,806), Pennsylvania (235,798), Massachusetts (216,120) and Illinois (120,162), making for these four States 1,100,886 (59.32 per cent.), or nearly three-fifths of the total number of natives of Ireland in this country. The leading States in English population were New York (110,070), Pennsylvania (69,665), Illinois (53,871), Ohio (36,561), Michigan (35,051) and Massachusetts (34,099), making for these six States 339,318 (61.61 per cent.), or more than threefifths of the total English population in this country. The leading States in Scotch population were New York (27,282), Pennsylvania (16,846), Illinois (15,737), Massachusetts (9003) and Michigan (8552), making for these five States 77,420 (55 per cent.), or more than one-half of the total Scotch population in this country. The leading States in Welsh population were Pennsylvania (27,282), Ohio (12,939), New York (7857) and Wisconsin (6550), making for these four States 54,628 (73.33 per cent.), or nearly three-fourths of the total Welsh population in this country. There were 234,594 "natives of Great Britain and Ireland" in the city

of New York, 123,408 in Philadelphia, 97,475 in Brooklyn, 64,787 in Boston, 54,800 in Chicago and 38,961 in St. Louis. The leading States in British-American population were Michigan (89,590), New York (79,042), Massachusetts (70,055), Illinois (32,550), Vermont (28,544) and Maine (26,788), making for these six States 326,467 (66.15 per cent.), or very nearly two-thirds of the British-American population in this country. The leading States in Swedish population were Illinois (29,979), Minnesota (20,987) and Iowa (10,796), making for these three States 61,752 (63.46 per cent.), or more than three-fifths of the total Swedish population in this country. The leading States in Norwegian population were Wisconsin (40,046), Minnesota (35,940), Iowa (17,556) and Illinois (11,880), making for these four States 105,422 (92.31 per cent.), or more than nine-tenths of the Norwegian population in this country. The leading States in French population were New York (22,302), Ohio (12,781), Louisiana (12,341), Illinois (10,911), Pennsylvania (8695) and California (8068), making for these six States 75,098 (64.52 per cent.), or nearly two-thirds of the total French population in this country. There were 8845 natives of France in New Orleans, 8265 in New York, 3547 in San Francisco, 2788 in St. Louis and 2479 in Philadelphia. The returns of the native and foreign-born population of all nationalities for the principal cities were as follows: New York city, native, 523,198; foreign-born, 419,094; Philadelphia, native, 490,398; foreign-born, 183,624; Brooklyn, native, 251,381; foreign-born, 144,718; St. Louis, native, 198,615; foreign-born, 112,249; Chicago, native, 154,420; foreign-born, 144,557; Baltimore, native, 210,870; foreign-born. 56,484; Boston, native, 162,540; foreign-born, 87,986; Cincinnati, native, 136,627; foreign-born, 79,612; New Orleans, native, 142,943; foreignborn, 48,475; San Francisco, native, 75,754; foreign-born, 73,719; Buffalo, native, 71,477; foreign-born, 46,237; Washington, native, 95,442; foreign-born, 13,757; Newark, native, 69,175; foreign-born, 35,884. Interesting statistics were also collected of the population (whether native or foreign-born) of foreign parentage, the following being the figures: Having one or both parents foreign, 10,892,015; leading States, New York (2,225,627), Pennsylvania (1,151,208), Illinois (986,035), Ohio (849,815), Wisconsin (717,832) and Massachusetts (626,211), making for these six States 6,556,728 (60.20 per cent.), or more than three-fifths of the total number; having foreign father and native mother, 786,388; having foreign mother and native father, 370,782; having both parents foreign, 9,734,845; leading States, New York (2,043,112), Pennsylvania (991,851), Illinois (890,823), Ohio (731,345), Wisconsin (670,759) and Massachusetts (590,352), making for these six States 4,918,242 (50.52 per cent.), or more than one-half of the total number.

Additional Statistics from the Table of Occupations and the Table of Manufactures.

Though a promise was given of a statistical and descriptive account of those departments only which are represented in the Advertisers' Index, various collateral branches have been put in under the proper headings in order to give as full a description as possible of the business of the country. The following statistics, taken from the two tables upon which we have been obliged to place our main reliance, will be of interest to the reader, and will tend to make this portion of the work still more complete. Two of the three so-called learned professions are given under Electropathic Physicians and Patent Lawyers. The number of Clergymen was 43,874 (males, 43,807; females, 67); ages, 16 to 59, 39,489; 60 and over, 4385; born in the United States, 35,668; Germany, 2745; Ireland, 1740; England and Wales, 1566; Scotland, 318; British America, 485; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 198; France, 416; China and Japan, 6. The longevity of clergymen, as shown by this table, is specially noteworthy, the number of those who were 60 and over lacking only three of being ten per cent. (4388) of the total.

Actors.

Number, 2053 (males, 1361; females, 692); ages, 10 to 15, 25; 16 to 59; 2002; 60 and over, 26; born in the United States, 1328; Germany, 153; Ireland, 99; England and Wales, 234; Scotland, 11; British America, 35; France, 31; China and Japan, 95.

Agricultural Laborers.

Number, 2,885,996 (males, 2,512,664; females, 373,332); ages, 10 to 15, 499,474; 16 to 59, 2,287,708; 60 and over, 98,814; born in the United States, 2,700,268; Germany, 57,261; Ireland, 43,398; England and Wales, 19,122; Scotland, 3798; British America, 20,589; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 19,917; France, 4026; China and Japan, 1766.

Auctioneers.

Number, 2266 (males, 2254; females, 12); ages, 16 to 59, 2155; 60 and over, 111; born in the United States, 1907; Germany, 97; Ireland, 96; England and Wales, 87; Scotland, 17; British America, 19; Sweden, Norway and Denmark, 3; France, 18.

Bags (paper).

Establishments, 39; steam-engines, 17 (horse-power, 321); water-wheels, 6 (horse-power, 127); hands employed, 444 (men, 205; women, 206; youths, 33); capital, $473,100; wages, $134,932; materials, $1,053,483; products, $1,483,963.