touched upon in these preliminary instructions. 25. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to "The Director-general, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A."

SPECIAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE EXHIBITION OF FINE ARTS.

1. The exhibition will be opened on the 10th day of May, 1876, and closed on the 10th day of November following. 2. Works of art will be admitted for exhibition, whether previously exhibited or not. 3. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be conducted with the commission of the country of which the applicant is a citizen. 4. No charge will be made for space. 5. The admission of foreign works of art to the exhibition, except those referred to in Rule IX., will be left to the commissions appointed by the respective governments. 6. Foreign packages for this department must be marked "Art Department," and addressed to the commission for (name of country), International Exhibition, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 7. The works of foreign artists will be placed in the care of the commission of the country to which they belong. 8. Works of foreign artists belonging to residents of the United States will be admitted on the approval of the Committee of Selection for exhibition in a special gallery. 9. Foreign commissions will transmit to the DirectorGeneral, prior to March 1, 1876, information concerning the works of art to be exhibited by their citizens that may be necessary for the preparation of the official catalogue. 10. The installation of works of art admitted to the exhibition will be under the supervision of the commissions of the country to which they belong. 11. All works of art must be of a high order of merit, and those produced by citizens of the United States will be admitted to the exhibition only on the approval of the Committee of Selection. 12. Packages forwarded by exhibitors in the United States for admission to this department must be marked "Art Department, International Exhibition, Philadelphia." There must be also attached to the outside and inside of each package a label giving the name and address of the exhibitor and the title and number of articles in the package. 13. All pictures, whether round or oval, should be placed in square frames. Excessive breadth in frames or projecting mouldings should be avoided. Shadow boxes will not be allowed to project more than one inch beyond the frame. Glass over oil paintings will not be permitted. 14. Works of art intended for sale will be so designated in the official catalogue. 15. All works of art must be in Philadelphia prior to April 1, 1876, and after having been admitted under the rules shall not be removed before the close of the exhibition. 16. Each person presenting works of art for admission thereby agrees to comply with the special rules established for this department and the general rules for the government of the exhibition.

MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING.

This building is in the form of a parallelogram, extending east and west 1880 feet in length and north and south 464 feet in width. The larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the main cornice upon the outside at 45 feet above the ground, the interior height being 70 feet. At the centre of the longer sides are projections 416 feet in length, and in the centre of the shorter sides or ends of the building are projections 216 feet in length. In these projections, in the centre of the four sides, are located the main entrances, which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor and central façades extending to the height of 90 feet. The east entrance will form the principal approach for carriages, visitors being allowed to alight at the doors of the building under cover of the arcade. The south entrance will be the principal approach from street cars, the ticket offices being located upon the line of Elm avenue, with covered ways provided for entrance into the building itself. The main portal on the north side communicates directly with the Art Gallery, and the main portal on the west side gives the main passage-way to the Machinery and Agricultural Halls. Upon the corners of the building there are four towers 75 feet in height, and between the towers and the central projections or entrances there is a lower roof introduced showing a cornice at 24 feet above the ground. In order to obtain a central feature for the building as a whole, the roof over the central part, for 184 feet square, has been raised above the surrounding portion, and four towers, 48 feet square, rising to 120 feet in height, have been introduced at the corners of the elevated roof.

The areas covered are as follows: Ground floor, 872,320 square feet, or 20.02 acres; upper floors, in projections, 37,344 square feet, or .85 acres; upper floors in towers, 26,344 square feet, or .60 acres; total, 936,008 square feet, or 21.47 acres.

Ground Plan.-The general arrangement of the ground plan shows a central avenue or nave 120 feet in width and extending 1832 feet in length. This is the longest avenue of that width ever introduced into an exhibition building. On either side of this nave there is an avenue 100 feet by 1832 feet in length. Between the nave and side avenues are aisles 48 feet wide, and on the outer sides of the building smaller aisles 24 feet in width. In order to break the great length of the roof-lines, three cross avenues or transepts have been introduced of the same widths and in the same relative positions to each other as the nave and avenues running lengthwise-viz., a central transept 120 feet in width by 416 feet in length, with one on either side of 100 feet by 416 feet, and aisles between of 48 feet. The intersections of these avenues and transepts in the central portion of the building result in dividing the ground floor into nine open spaces free from supporting columns, and covering in the aggregate an area of 416 feet square. Four of these spaces are 100 feet square, four 100 feet by 120 feet, and the

SOUTH ENTRANCE.

GROUND PLAN OF MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING.

central space or pavilion 120 feet square. The intersections of the 48 feet aisles produce four interior courts 48 feet square, one at each corner of the central space. The main promenades through the nave and central transept are each 30 feet in width, and those through the centre of the side avenues and transepts 15 feet each. All other walks are 10 feet wide and lead at either end to exit doors.

Dimensions.-(Measurements taken from centre to centre of supporting columns.) Length of building, 1880 feet; width of building, 464 feet. Central Avenue or Nave.-Length, 1832 feet; width, 120 feet; height to top of supporting columns, 45 feet; height to ridge of roof, 70 feet. Central Transept.-Length, 416 feet; width, 120 feet; height to top of columns, 45 feet; height to ridge of roof, 70 feet. Side Avenues.-Length, 1832 feet; width, 100 feet; height to top of columns, 45 feet; height to ridge of roof, 65 feet. Side Transepts.-Length, 416 feet; width, 100 feet: height to top of columns, 45 feet; height to ridge of roof, 65 feet. Central Aisles.-Length at east end, 744 feet; length at west end, 672 feet; width, 48 feet; height to roof, 30 feet. Side Aisles.-Length at east end, 744 feet; length at west end, 672 feet; width, 24 feet; height to roof, 24 feet. Centre Space or Pavilion.-Ground plan, 120 feet square; height to top of sup porting columns, 72 feet; height to ridge of roof, 96 feet. Towers over Courts.-Ground plan, 48 feet square; height to roof, 120 feet. Corner Towers.-Ground plan, 24 feet square; height to roof, 75 feet.

The foundations consist of piers of masonry. The superstructure is composed of wrought-iron columns which support wrought-iron rooftrusses. These columns are composed of rolled channel-bars with plates riveted to the flanges. Lengthwise of the building the columns are spaced at the uniform distance apart of 24 feet. In the entire structure there are 672 columns, the shortest being, 23 feet and the longest 125 feet in length. Their aggregate weight is 2,200,000 pounds. The roof-trusses are similar in form to those in general use for dépôts and warehouses, and consist of straight rafters with struts and tie-bars. The aggregate weight of iron in the roof trusses and girders is 5,000,000 pounds. This building being a temporary construction, the columns and trusses are so designed that they may be easily taken down and erected again at another site. The sides of the building for the height of seven feet from the ground are finished with brickwork in panels between the columns. Above the seven feet, with glazed sash. Portions of the sash are movable for ventilation. The roofcovering is of tin upon sheathing boards. The ground-flooring is of plank upon sills resting upon the ground, with no open space underneath. All the corners and angles of the building upon the exterior are accentuated by galvanized iron octagonal turrets which extend the full height of the building from the ground level to above the roof. These turrets at the corners of the towers are surmounted with flagstaffs, at other places with

the national eagle. The national standard with appropriate emblems is placed over the centre of each of the four main entrances. Over each of the side entrances is placed a trophy showing the national colors of the country occupying that part of the building. At the vestibules forming part of the four main entrances variegated brick and tile have been introduced. The building stands nearly due east and west, and is lighted almost entirely by side light from the north and south sides. Louvre ventilators are introduced over the central nave and each of the avenues. Skylights are introduced over the central aisles. Small balconies or galleries of observation have been provided in the four central towers of the building at the heights of the different stories. These will form attractive places from which excellent views of the whole interior may be obtained. A complete system of water supply, with ample provision of fire-cocks, etc., is provided for protection against fire, and for sanitary purposes. Offices for foreign commissions are placed along the sides of the building in the side aisles, in close proximity to the products exhibited, as many of the 24 feet spaces being partitioned off for that purpose as may be required. Offices for the administration may be placed in the ends of the building and on the second floor. The form of the building is such that all exhibitors will have an equally fair opportunity to exhibit their goods to advantage. There is comparatively little choice of location necessary, as the light is uniformly distributed and each of the spaces devoted to products is located upon one of the main thoroughfares. The departments of the classification will be placed in parallel sections running lengthwise of the building, from east to west, and will be wider or narrower in proportion to the bulk of the articles exhibited. The countries exhibiting will be located geographically, in sections running crosswise of the building, from north to south.

ART GALLERY.

This structure, which is one of the affixes to the great exhibition, is located on a line parallel with and northward of the Main Exhibition Building. It is on the most commanding portion of great Lansdowne plateau, and looks southward over the city. It is elevated on a terrace six feet above the general level of the plateau, the plateau itself being an eminence 116 feet above the surface of the Schuylkill River. The entire structure is in the modern Renaissance. The materials are granite, glass and iron. No wood is used in the construction, and the building is thoroughly fireproof. The structure is 365 feet in length, 210 feet in width and 59 feet in height, over a spacious basement 12 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. Exterior-1. The Main Front.-The main front looks southward; it displays three distinctive features: 1. A main entrance in the centre of the structure, consisting of three colossal arched doorways of equal dimensions. 2. A pavilion at each end. 3. Two arcades connecting the pavil