polished sheet of zinc or aluminum will no more absorb water than a sheet of glass will. Try this by placing them in water and noting how the water will roll from them, leaving the metals dry. Wet a clean litho stone with water, and it remains wet, due to the absorption properties of the litho stone. Wet a sheet of ground glass with water, and it will retain some of the water. In the same manner, grain the surface of zinc or aluminum sheets properly, and these grained surfaces will retain moisture or grease; and on this is based the principle of planographic printing from metal. It was not until the proper graining of the metals was understood that planographic printing was successful.

Definition of Terms Used in Planography

During the short period that planography has been employed, both in England and in this country, a few shop terms have come into use which require explanation, in order that a common language may be spoken and all may understand each other. Following are some of the terms in this method:

Planography.-Printing from flat surfaces, such as the grained metal plates used in planographic and offset printing.

Planographic Printing. - Printing which is done directly on the printed

surface.

Offset Printing.—Planographic printing on a rubber blanket, which offsets the impression on tin, canvas, fabric, glass, paper or other material.

Lithography. This term refers only to printing from stone, and should not be used for metal printing or planography.

Direct Printing.—As the term indicates, this is printing direct from metal. Photolithography. Photography on stone, either direct on the stone or through photolithographic transfers.

Photoplanography.-Photography on grained metal plates for planographic printing.-S. H. Horgan, in "The Inland Printer."

The Second-Class Postal Rate

Analysis demonstrates that there is nothing to justify the retention of excessive war taxes on newspapers and periodicals. It is generally admitted that publications have become an inseparable part of our national life. There is nothing to supply the place of the home paper or favorite periodical, and nothing can compensate their influence. A vast majority of American citizens are dependent upon the press for intellectual companionship, because reading is the foundation of knowledge. The repressive policy of the Government as manifested in continuing war taxes is essentially uneconomical and demoralizing to the publishing industry and the reading public.

The War Revenue Bill of 1917 carried a provision imposing increases on second-class mail matter as an emergency measure. The provision was written in the law without hearings or investigation, under pressure for war revenue. although the wisdom and justice of it were questioned and its operation deferred for a year in order to permit its revision. The promise to revise was never kept. Since the ending of the war, all other taxes, with the exception of the estates tax, have been removed or modified by Congress. Failure of legislators to heed the

appeals of newspaper and periodical publishers has naturally reflected itself in the revenues of the Post-Office Department.

It is estimated that the publishers will pay the Government for carrying their papers more than $33,000,000.00 during 1922. The publishing industry has been obliged to undergo deflation in common with other branches of business endeavor. However, other industries have been relieved of the burdens of war taxes, and are naturally in a better position than the publishers. The Government collected from the publishers $11,712,068.18 in 1918, and in the last fiscal year this amount had more than doubled,-reaching a total of $25,496,719.94. These oppressive taxes have cut millions of dollars from the Post-Office earnings because the larger publishers have found it possible to use private means of distribution at less than the Government rate. Repeal of the last two postal increases will have a tendency to restore this traffic to Government channels.

Unlike other industries, it is impossible for the publishers to shift this tax. It is absurd to suppose that the tax can be passed on to the advertiser who uses the daily and weekly newspaper or periodical. The advertising rate of a publication is determined, not according to the cost of delivery, but according to the number of subscribers and their potential buying power. This advertising rate is always governed by competition with rates for advertising in non-mail and, therefore, untaxed mediums of publicity,—such as billboards and circulars. There is no good reason why the publishers of newspapers and magazines should be singled out to pay this extra war tax.

Moderate postage rates would keep the newspapers (invaluable means of intellectual intercourse) within reach of all. The publishers are asking for the repeal of the last two increases,—those which went into effect in 1920 and 1921. This relief, if granted by Congress, would retain the rates which were in effect just prior to these increases. Legislation for this purpose would give the Government 175 per cent more than the pre-war rates, and would not relieve the publishing industry of one cent of the other Federal taxes now paid by other industries. In other words, publishers of newspapers and magazines are not asking for preferential treatment but for justice, in order that they may continue as an integral part of our social and economic life.

Photo-engravers can help in this emergency by writing to their Congressmen to the effect that the War Revenue Measure has never been revised as it affects second-class postage, while other industries have been given relief. Anything that helps the publishing industry helps photo-engravers.

How We Impress Others

In launching an effort of any kind, we are always apt to judge it from our own point of view. This is especially true of everything pertaining to advertising and publicity. If we could only see ourselves as others see us, our work in that direction would be greatly simplified and much more effective.

Recently, when the American Association published a pamphlet entitled, "A Frank and Truthful Statement Concerning the Photo-Engraving Industry," notwithstanding that the information contained therein was exclusive and authoritative, some engravers felt that it answered no useful purpose and that it made no particular appeal to them. The booklet was not published for the purpose of

impressing the photo-engravers. On the contrary, it was printed to furnish facts and arguments to photo-engravers with which to impress those who purchased and used their products.

A number of the leading Advertising and Printing Journals commented very favorably on this pamphlet, some of them lauding it in the warmest terms of appreciation. The Ben Franklin Monthly devoted several pages to it in a recent issue, and reprinted a considerable portion of it. Its editor made the following comment, prominently displayed:

A realization of the need for greater co-operation between photo-engravers and printers has prompted the American Photo-Engravers' Association to issue a booklet under the title, "A Frank and Truthful Statement Concerning the Photo-Engraving Industry." The statement fulfills the promise of the title, and is worth the serious consideration of every printer.

It is not our intention to take up space to reprint the many comments of a similar nature, and we merely call attention to the matter to advise the photoengravers of the manner in which this booklet was received by those who patronize them. To further demonstrate that our plan in publishing the booklet is sound, and that it deserves a full measure of support and the greatest circulation possible by the photo-engravers themselves, we quote the following item from the Milwaukee Journal of recent date:

Holds Production Costs Should Be Made Public

"All facts concerning manufacturing and the cost of commodities should be made public. so that all could know how prices are based and what profits are made," Mrs. George Stoddard Patterson, Chairman of the Food and Markets Committee of the Milwaukee Women's Club, told that organization Monday.

"Selling prices should bear a definite relationship to cost. A price which is too low is fully as unjust as a price which is too high. A price too low destroys capital and makes a living wage to labor impossible; but, on the other hand, a price too high makes it impossible for the consumer to buy that to which he is entitled."

Mrs. Patterson pointed out that, according to statistics, the cost of living in March, 1922, was 54.7 per cent higher than in July, 1914.

Mrs. Patterson, the lady quoted in the above item, may be considered as representing the public attitude on costs and prices. If the photo-engravers do not avail themselves of this opportunity to acquaint their customers and critics. with the facts concerning themselves and their business, they are overlooking the best opportunity ever offered them to gain public good-will.

A quantity of the pamphlets are still on hand, and will be furnished to anyone requiring them at ten cents per copy. Send for them now before the supply is exhausted.

Dallas, Texas

No doubt the engravers throughout the country will be interested to learn of the general business conditions in the Southwest. So far as has come to the knowledge of the writer, business has been fair in this section up to this time, although there is some indication of a decrease as we approach warm weather, which in a measure is to be expected.

Dallas being predominantly an open-shop town since the first of the year, the labor situation, or rather the labor supply, for the first time in the history of photo-engraving in this section, has been adequate. Those engravers electing to

run open shops experienced little difficulty in securing an adequate supply of help, even on short notice. This condition naturally released a supply of local union help for those electing to continue to operate under union conditions and domination.

About the most enlivening part of the situation in Dallas is the notoriety which we, who are open shops, have gained through inspired union propaganda. We have been written up, cussed and discussed, accused, threatened, maligned, ridiculed, villified and otherwise verbally and orally pummeled, pounded and manhandled, until, had it had any effect, we would probably have been compelled to have ourselves Bertillonized and our thumb-prints taken, to be able to establish our identity.

There has been so much of it that it has become laughable, even ridiculous, were it not for the fact that one or two employers of union labor in this section have felt it necessary to openly ally themselves with the union in their frantic effort to discredit the open-shop employers. How any employer who has had the experience we have been through in this section for the last few years, can be so short-sighted is beyond us. That such actions on the part of any employer in any section where he has competition can only culminate in one result, goes without saying.

At the annual meeting of the stockholders of R. Hoe & Co., held at the company's office on April 12th, all the members of the old board of directors were re-elected; namely, Robert Hoe, Arthur I. Hoe, Dr. Samuel M. Evans, Robert D. Sterling, George E. Hite, Jr., Mrs. Olivia Hoe Slade, Mrs. Laura Carter, Richard Kelly and Addison J. Gallien. Messrs. Kelly and Gallien are old members of the Hoe concern, Mr. Kelly having been in the service of the company for over thirty-six years, and Mr. Gallien for thirty-five years. The other members of the board are all heirs or direct representatives of heirs of the late Robert Hoe, the sole ownership of the company still remaining in the Hoe family.

At a subsequent meeting of the board of directors, Mr. Kelly was elected President and General Manager of the company for a third successive term. The other officers were also all re-elected: Addison J. Gallien, First Vice-President; Charles MacInnes, Treasurer; Harold M. Tilling

"DALLASITE."

hast, Secretary; and Otto L. Raabe, Assistant Secretary. Mr. Raabe has been in the service of the Hoe concern for forty-seven years, Mr. Tillinghast for twelve years, and Mr. MacInnes for ten years.

The Hoe Company reports that, notwithstanding the general business depression, it installed more newspaper and magazine presses in 1921 than during any previous year in the history of the business, and that at the present time the factory has more unexecuted press orders on hand than ever before, equivalent in volume to over three hundred sixteen-page press units. To meet this extraordinary demand for printing machinery, and also take care of a still greater volume of business which the Hoe Company anticipates, the plant equipment and other facilities are being rapidly expanded, and advantage taken of every possible improvement in manufacturing methods which will increase output or shorten the time of manufacturing.

A New Automatic Focusing Device

The Kinzler Camera Control and the Kinzler Automatic Focus Finder were placed on display in the showrooms of the New York Engravers Supply Company during the week of May 6th, and met with quite a favorable reception on the part of both employing photo-engravers and operators.

The Camera Control is a new device whereby every piece of copy is indexed, and all pieces of copy bearing the same control number can be photographed

Kinzler Automatic Focus Finder

When both dials indicate the number shown by the Camera Control, the copy is in accurate focus The device compensates for thickness of copy and screen. Can be attached to any camera Each set of dia's is specially calibrated to the lens with which it is to be used.

Kinzler Camera Control

By means of this device every piece of copy is given a control number All pieces of copy bearing the same control number can be photographed with one setting of the camera Can be used on table or hung on wall Substantially constructed of heavily nickelplated brass Will stand shop usage indefinitely

with one setting of the camera. Experience has proved that it is a great time-saver, and enables the operator to turn out more work per day with less effort, through the elimination of negatives,--all pieces of copy taking the same reduction being photographed at one time.

The Kinzler Automatic Focus Finder, when used in conjunction with the Kinzler Camera Control, completely eliminates all need for manual focusing. If, for instance, the Camera Control places the number ninety-two on a piece of copy, after the copy is tacked up on the board, merely setting both dials of the Automatic Focus Finder at number ninety-two automatically brings the copy into accurate focus. This device can be attached to any camera in a very short time, and in nowise interferes with manual focusing if this is desired. Each set of dials is especially calibrated, before installation for use, to the lens with which it is to be used.

In all the shops now equipped with one or both of these devices, experience is showing their value as savers of time and money.

When a plumber makes a mistake, he charges twice for it.

When a lawyer makes a mistake, it is just what he wanted, because he has a chance to try the case all over again. When a doctor makes a mistake, he buries it.

When a judge makes a mistake, it becomes a law of the land.

When a preacher makes a mistake, nobody knows the difference.

When an electrician makes a mistake, he blames it on induction; nobody knows what that means.

When a printer makes a mistake, he gets the devil.

But when THE ENGRAVER makes a mistake - GOOD NIGHT!!!!