3. The formation and extension of abscess can be averted in large proportion of cases by effective protective treatment of the joint disease. 4. The treatment of the sterile abscess as a complication of hip disease should be principally expectant, and should consist in fixation of the joint, rest in bed with extension, tonic drugs, diet and good hygiene.

H. D. C.

Clinical Treatises on the Symptomatology and Diagnosis of Disorders of Respiration and Circulation. By Professor EDMOND VON Neusser, M. D., Professor of the Second Medical Clinic, Vienna; Associate Editor NOTH NAGEL'S Practice of Medicine. Authorized English Translation, by ANDREW MACFARLANE, M. D., Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Physical Diagnosis, Albany Medical College; Attending Physician to St. Peter's and Child's Hospitals and Albany Hospital for Incurables. Part III, Angina Pectoris. New York, E. B. Treat & Company, 1909.

This little volume of seventy-one pages contains many helpful suggestions regarding the diagnosis of stenocardiac attacks. When the cardinal symptoms, retro-stenal pain and the fear of impending death, are present the diagnosis is comparatively easy, but the rudimentary seizures or those complicated through accessory symptoms are more difficult to recognize. Often the pulse and respiration are absolutely unaffected, and the blood tension may be high or low. The sudden onset, the short duration of the attack, the pallor of the face and the freedom from distress during the intervals between attacks are important points to remember. Regarding etiology, the best known causes are stated to be organic affections of the aorta accompanied by stenosis of the coronary valves, ischemia of the myocardium, pressure on the cardiac nerves, tabes dorsalis and syphilis. Functional angina may be caused by gout, diabetes, lead poisoning, epilepsy and tobacco poisoning. Beside the commonly accepted arterial theory, of the causation of organic angina pectoris, the author presents a "nerve theory" which implies a disturbance in some portion of a circle consisting of the spinal center of innervation, the rami communicantes, the cardiac nerves, the aortic plexus and the coronary plexus with the sensitive terminal organs in the walls of the vessels. The book will be found to be a useful clinical monograph.

A. T. L.

Text-Book of Hygiene. By GEORGE H. ROHE, M. D., and ALBERT ROBIN, M. D. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged. F. A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia, 1908.

The aim of the authors in presenting this book has been to place in the hands of the student, practitioner and sanitary officers a trustworthy

guide to the principles and practices of preventive medicine. With the advances that have been made in this field in recent years, the authors have found it necessary to thoroughly revise this work and to add several chapters and entirely re-write others, so that it has been brought thoroughly up to date. In the preparation of the work the authors have secured the assistance of other men, each one eminent in his special field. The book contains 582 pages and is a satisfactory and thoroughly up to date work upon this subject.

G. E. B.

Minor and Operative Surgery, Including Bandaging. By HENRY R. WHARTON. M. D., Professor of Clinical Surgery in the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia. New (seventh) edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. 12mo, 674 pages, with 555 illustrations. Cloth, $3.00 net. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia and New York, 1909.

This work of 683 pages presents a concise treatise of minor surgery. In Part I is described the methods of preparation of bandages and their manner of application. In Part II the minor surgical procedures, the indication and usage of anaesthetics, treatment of hemorrhage and shock, and minor surgical lesions are considered in detail. Part III treats of asepsis and antisepsis; Parts IV and V of fractures and dislocations; Parts VI, VII and VIII of special operations and their indications. The illustrations for the most part are satisfactory, and the book should be found useful alike to the student and the general practitioner, who is frequently called upon to perform these minor operations. The fact that the work has gone through its seventh edition speaks well for its value.

G. E. B.

Parenthood and Race Culture. An Outline of Eugenics. By CALEB WILLIAMS SALEEBY, M. D., Ch.B., F. Z.R., Edin. Moffat, Yard & Co., New York, 1909.

This book is an attempt to define as a whole the general principles of race culture or eugenics. The subject is presented in an attractive way and it should be of interest and value to physicians and students of medicine.

G. E. B.

Thornton's Pocket Medical Formulary. New (9th) edition. Containing about 2,000 prescriptions, with indications for their use. In one leather-bound volume. Price, $1.50 net. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia and New York, 1909.

G. E. 9.

The Principles of Pharmacy. By HENRY V. ARNY, Ph.G., Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacy at the Cleveland School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department of Western Reserve University. Octavo of 1175 pages, with 246 illustrations, mostly original. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1909. Cloth, $5.00 net; half morocco, $6.50 net. While Dr. Arny's book can not prove of great use to the average practitioner of medicine, it must of a certainty be highly valued, not only by the practicing pharmacist, but by the teacher of that branch of medical science. The clearness, the completeness, the accuracy, and the logical arrangement of the subject matter, whether original or obtained from others, to whom, by-the-way, full credit is given, will alone stamp it as an unusual book and one well worthy of the author whose name appears on the title page. SPENCER L. DAWES.

Human Physiology. An elementary text-book of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. By JOHN W. RITCHIE, Professor of Biology, College of William and Mary, Virginia. Illustrated by Mary H. Wellman. Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York, World Book Company, 1909.

The "chief object" of this book, according to its author, "is to train the pupils to keep their bodies in health.” He has, therefore, followed out the same plan in this book that he follows in his teaching, he combines both anatomy and physiology in a way to make plain the great laws according to which the body lives," and gives also "a full discussion of how a violation of these laws may be avoided."

66

The book is well written and contains practically all that it is well for school children to know of physiology, and had the author been more fair in his discussion of the effects of alcohol, had he showed an unbiassed mind on that subject it might be recommended unreservedly. His error, however, if error there be, is on the right side and not being a practising physician he is excusable.

SPENCER L. DAWES.

The Propaganda for Reform in Proprietary Medicines. The Fifth Edition Revised to September 12, 1908. American Medical Association,

103 Dearborn avenue, Chicago.

This is a compilation of the reports of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association as they have appeared from time to time in The Journal of the American Medical Association, putting in a convenient form for reference the conclusions of the council upon various preparations which have been submitted to them for approval.

SPENCER L. DAWES.

MEDICINE

Edited by Samuel B. Ward, M. D., and Charles K. Winne, Jr., M. D.

The Pirquet Cutaneous Tuberculin Test. (Ueber die kutane Tuberkulinprobe nach von Pirquet.)

BRUCKNER. Jahrbuch für Kinderheilkunde, September, 1908.

The author enters first into a discussion of the appearances after a secondary vaccination with cowpox and in serum sickness which led Pirquet to his discovery of the cutaneous tuberculin reaction. Twentyfour hours after a second cowpox vaccination has been made, a small papule is seen over the point of inoculation. This early reaction is due to the presence of antibodies in the blood. When this occurs it can be stated positively that the subject had previously been successfully vaccinated. This reaction is called "allergie" by Pirquet and he found it present in typhoid, cerebrospinal meningitis, diphtheria and tuberculosis. As a means of early diagnosis in tuberculosis, Pirquet's allergie reaction has become famous. The technic is next described and the significance of the early and secondary reactions.

The early reaction is specific-that is, it occurs only in cases previously infected with the tubercle bacillus. Its absence does not necessarily exclude tuberculosis as it does not occur in tuberculous meningitis or acute miliary tuberculosis.

The secondary or late reaction appears more frequently as the child grows older. This reaction Pirquet believes is indicative of a latent tuberculosis.

A review of results of other authors is then given in detail.

The author vaccinated 160 children from eighteen days to thirteen and one-half years of age. Of these fifty-seven or thirty-five and one-half per cent. gave a positive reaction and ninety-three or sixty-four and onehalf per cent. were negative.

In the children under twelve months of age, nine per cent. were positive.

From one to two years, thirty-one per cent. were positive.

In the third year, twenty-eight and five-tenths per cent. were positive. In the fourth to fifth years, thirty-one and six-tenths per cent. were positive.

In the sixth to ninth years, fifty per cent. were positive.

From the tenth to the fourteenth year, fifty-four per cent. were positive. There was a family history of tuberculosis in thirty-five and of these twenty-five reacted positively.

Fifteen of the children subsequently came to autopsy. Of the four who reacted positively, three had macroscopic tubercular lesions. Of the eleven who did not react, one had macroscopic tuberculosis. This was an infant eight weeks old who died of miliary tuberculosis of the lungs and liver.

The Normal Temperature of the Body.

R. D. RUDOLPH. International Clinics, 1908, Vol. I, p. 82.

It is difficult to determine by whom the normal temperature of the body was first marked on clinical thermometers and charts as 98.4° and 98.6°. The author believes that the average mean temperature taken by ordinary clinical methods is considerably below that point. Nearly one thousand observations of the temperature of third year medical students in Toronto University gave an average morning temperature of 97.63°, and evening temperature of 97.67°. The students were specially cautioned not to take their temperatures within an hour of meals, to shake down the thermometer very low and leave it under the tongue at least five minutes. These observations were made in November.

The author also took the temperature of a great many healthy individuals of all ages and both sexes and found it quite exceptional to get the temperature in the mouth up to 98.4°. In two hundred and eight surgical cases out of three hundred and fifty examined in the Toronto General Hospital the temperature ran almost persistently between 97° and 98° Fahr.

On the whole children's temperatures tend to run higher than adult's. Still 44 per cent. of a number of charts examined at the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children were on the average below 98° Fahr. An examination of the charts in several hospitals showed that the temperature tended to be lower in cool weather than in warm, still even in June 31 per cent. of the charts showed a temperature well below 98.4°. In studying hospital reports there is a margin of error in favor of the lower values due to the fact that the nurses are looking for the presence or absence of fever and are sometimes content to shake the thermometer only down to the arrow mark. In nine nonfebrile cases studied by the author whose ages were between sixty-two and seventy-seven, in only two did the temperature run below the so-called normal line. In old age the temperature apparently tends to be higher again.

The human temperature taken with ordinary clinical precautions is usually below 98.4°. Instead of having a normal point, the author would have a normal band with lower limit 97.2° and upper limit 98.4° placed on thermometers and charts if it seems necessary to mark the normal at all. A temperature of 97.5° he does not consider as suggesting incipient phthisis. A temperature running persistently at about 98.5° would to his mind be more indicative of the presence of some infection.

PSYCHIATRY

Edited by G. Alder Blumer, M. D.

The Prognosis of Dementia Praecox. (Die Prognose der Dementia Praecox.)

E. MEYER. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 45 Band, 1 Heft, 1909.

The clinical entity described by Kraepelin as dementia praecox has been gradually accepted by German authorities, although many prefer the