Sagitta volucres diverberat auras. Ulmus opaca, ingens, Ramos annosaque brachia pandit. Æneas constat, strepitumque exterritus haurit. Scandit æratas vitiosa naves Cura. Celsæ Decidunt turres, feriuntque summos Fulgura montes. Ridet hoc, inquam, Venus ipsa, rident Tuti agni Balatum exercent, lupus asper et improbus instat. Irriguum bibunt violaria fontem. Varios Fundit humus flores, lentæque umbracula vites Intexunt; feriunt insani littora fluctus. Vela secundi Intendunt Zephyri, classis cita navigat æquor. Fragosus Dat sonitum raucum torrens, ingensque vorago Pestiferas aperit fauces. Spumea saxa fremunt. Conscendit medium sol igneus orbem. At non incendia vires Indomitas ponunt, O imitatores, servum pecus,— Bilem, atque jocum vestri movent tumultus. Plura paras, plura cupis. Rubicunda benigni Corna vepres et pruna ferunt, et quercus et ilex Pecus et dominum juvat. Falsus honor juvat et mendax infamia terret Mendosum. Hæres hæredem, velut unda supervenit undam. Letalis hiems Vitalesque vias et respiramina claudit. Incurata pudor malus ulcera celat. Fortunate senex, Tu fontes sacros et captas frigus opacum. Et vos, o lauri, carpo, et te proxima myrte, Non mutat merces, omnis fert omnia tellus. Juveniles subitus tremor occupat artus. Allecto flammea torquet Lumina, geminos atque erigit angues. Rumpit juvenilis guttura pugnus, Impia turba probant factum. Prosilit en Perseus, telumque hostile remittit, Provolat hasta minax, inimicaque pectora rumpit. Words are said to be in a case when they shew by their form dependence on a word which governs them. In Latin there are four cases properly so called, the Genitive, the Dative, the Accusative, the Ablative. Besides these there is the original form of the Noun commonly called the Nominative case, and a form used in addressing persons commonly called the Vocative case. The Accusative case denotes broadly, either actual motion, or the direct passing of sense between words. The Ablative case denotes broadly any stationary point. From, in, by, with, &c. Prepositions supply the want of more cases. Prepositions are put before a Noun to shew its dependence on a preceding word, as 'Rain flows from the clouds on the fields.' When the sense of the Verb would be imperfect without the word added as a case, no Preposition is used in Latin; as, 'He struck him with a stick,' 'Percussit eum baculo.' 'Rain flows from the clouds,' Imbres manant nubibus.' When, however, the sense of the Verb is perfect in itself, Prepositions must be used to connect it with a case, as, 'He went with a friend,''Ivit cum amico.' Also, when it would be doubtful what Preposition was implied a Preposition is expressed, 'Imbres manant in agros.' as, Winter. Imbres nubibus hispidos Manant in agros, et mare Caspium Care. Post equitem sedet atra cura.—HOR. Spring. Varios en, flumina circum Fundit humus flores, lentæque umbracula vites Intexunt, feriunt insani littora fluctus.-VIRG. 2 A Storm. Jupiter Æoliis Aquilonem claudit in antris, 1 Inæqualis, rough, because not equal and smooth. Barba gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis, Fronte sedent nebulæ, rorant pennæque sinusque.→→ A Fountain. OVID. Fons sonat a dextra, tenui' pellucidus unda; Margine gramineo et patulos incingit hiatus.-OVID. The Serpents' Den. Stat specus in medio virgis et vimine densus, Tresque vibrant linguæ, triplici stant ordine dentes. Charon. OVID. Turbidus en cœno vastaque voragine gurges Et ferruginea subvectat corpora cymba.-VIRG. 1 Tenuis, thin; hence, clear water, transparent. |