Ethical Aspects of Experimentation with Human Subjects

accepted administration American Medical Association application approved aspects basis Beecher benefit blood brain death clinical investigation clinical research clinical trials concerning death decision discussion disease donor effects ethical problems example function guidelines Guido Calabresi Harvard Medical School hazards Health heart hemodialysis hospital human experimentation human subjects important individual informed consent institutions interest involved Journal judgment kidney knowledge lives Louis Lasagna Margaret Mead Medical Association medical experiments medical research medicine ment moral Nuremberg Code obtained operation Organ Transplantation organs participation patient patient-subject penicillin perimentation person physician possible practice present principle prisoners procedure professional complex protection question regulations relationship relevant Report research subjects responsibility review committee risk scientific scientists situation social society Talcott Parsons testing Thalidomide therapeutic innovation therapy tion transfusion transplantation treatment volunteer