maximum fell at the close of December, for 11 occupations at the close of March, nine at the close of June, and only two at the close of September, while the minimum percentages for 13 occupations fell at the close of September, nine at the close of December, eight at the close of June, and four at the close of March. Stating these facts in a different way so as to show the maximum and minimum points for each of the four periods of the year, we observe that 11 maximum and four minimum points occurred at the close of March, nine maximum and eight minimum at the close of June, two maximum and 13 minimum at the close of September, and 12 maximum and nine minimum at the close of December. Thus, only two of the maximum points fell at the close of September and only four of the minimum points at the close of March, while the distribution of maximum and minimum points for the periods closing at the end of June and December is fairly equal. Aside from this showing there appears to be practically no regularity so far as the highest and lowest points are concerned. In fact, even 1908, the most unfavorable year so far as general conditions of employment were concerned, did not prove altogether an unfavorable year for six occupations. While the percentages of unemployment by occupations may prove useful and interesting in certain instances, they should be used with caution, particularly where comparisons are made between percentages in those occupations for which, owing to the small number of employees reporting, the returns may not have been properly representative. On the whole, comparisons based on percentages unemployed in the several more important industries are to be recommended in preference to comparisons on an occupational basis. IV. STATISTICAL TABLES. TABLE 1. National and International Unions and Federations Having Affiliated Locals in Massachusetts at the Close of 1913, showing the Number of Chartered Locals in Massachusetts and at Large. NOTE. In this table are included all national and international organizations which had affiliated locals in the United States at the close of 1913, in so far as records were obtainable. Except where otherwise noted the information relative to the total number of chartered local unions affiliated with the national and international organizations named in the table below was obtained directly from these respective organizations, the reports (see schedule form on page 62) having been received for the most part, on schedules sent out on December 15, 1913. The information relative to the number of chartered local unions in Massachusetts was obtained by an exhaustive canvass of the individual local unions, the schedules (see schedule form on page 63) having been sent out at the close of the year. Further information showing the membership of the locals affiliated with each national and international union was obtained directly from the local unions and checked up against similar data obtained from the national and international unions. It was not deemed advisable to present this information relative to membership in detail, but a summary statement relative to the membership returns thus obtained will be found in the text on pages 16 to 23. The organizations preceded by an asterisk (*) were affiliated with the American Federation of Labor at the close of the year 1913. *Actors Union of America, White Rats Asbestos Workers, International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and *Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union of America, "Barbers International Union of America, Journeymen Billposters and Billers of America, International Alliance of *Blacksmiths and Helpers, International Brotherhood of *Boiler Makers, Iron Ship Builders, and Helpers of America, International Brotherhood of 1 This aggregate does not include the affiliated locals of 19 internationals for which the information was lacking and in certain instances, to which attention is called by a specific note, the number as reported in an earlier year has been entered for lack of later information. On the other hand, the aggregate does include a small number of locals which were also affiliated with two or more internationals, therein constituting duplications. 2 This aggregate constitutes the actual number of local unions in Massachusetts at the close of the year. A few locals were affiliated with two or more internationals, constituting, in all, 30 duplications, but these duplications were not included in computing the aggregate. * Includes only those locals which were directly affiliated, i.e., locals not affiliated through any national or international union. The locals affiliated indirectly with the American Federation of Labor through its affiliated internationals are enumerated under the individual internationals only, otherwise such locals would be included twice in the aggregate. * Membership "at-large", i.e., not organized on a local basis. As last reported in 1912. Including branches. 7 No report. TABLE 1. - National and International Unions and Federations Having Affiliated Locals in Massachusetts at the Close of 1913, showing the Number of Chartered Locals in Massachusetts and at Large Continued. Card Machine Operators Union of America, Carpenters and Joiners, Amalgamated Society of *Carpenters and Joiners of America, United Brotherhood of Con. 110 2 1 1 215 9 140 13 2 2 2 Carriage, Wagon, and Automobile Workers of North America, International Union of 235 *Compressed Air and Foundation Workers Union of the United States and Canada, International Drop and Machine Forgers, Die Sinkers, and Trimmer Makers, United Association of *Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers Union of America, International *Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers of the United States, Amalgamated Association of Knights of Labor, *Lithographers International Protective and Beneficial Association of the United States and Canada, *Lithographic Press Feeders of the United States and Canada, International Protective Association of Lithographic Workmen, International Union of TABLE 1. National and International Unions and Federations Having Affiliated Locals in Massachusetts at the Close of 1913, showing the Number of Chartered Locals in Massachusetts and at Large - Continued. Machine Printers and Color Mixers of the United States, National Association of *Machinists, International Association of Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America, Amalgamated *Metal Polishers, Buffers, Platers, Brass and Silver Workers Union of North America, *Metal Workers International Alliance, Amalgamated Sheet *Pattern Makers League of North America, Paving Cutters Union of the United States of America and Canada, Piano, Organ, and Musical Instrument Workers Union of America, International *Plasterers International Association of the United States and Canada, Operative 45 1 670 26 1,018 67 98 9 *Pavers, Rammermen, Flag Layers, Asphalt Workers, Bridge and Stone Curb Setters, International Union of *Plate Printers Union of North America, International Steel and Copper ciation of *Plumbers and Steamfitters of the United States and Canada, United Potters, National Brotherhood of Operative *Printing Pressmen and Assistants Union of North America, International *Pulp, Sulphite, and Paper Mill Workers of the United States and Canada, International Brotherhood of Railway Employees of America, Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric 220 26 *Roofers, Composition, Damp and Waterproof Workers of the United States and Canada, International Brotherhood of *Shingle Weavers, Sawmill Workers, and Woodsmen, International Union of 55 Shoe Workers of America, United . 50 Shoe Workers Protective Union, Slate and Tile Roofers Union of America, International 27 *Slate Workers, American Brotherhood of 6 Spinners Union, International 21 Stage Employees, International Alliance of Theatrical 450 34 State, City and Town Employees, National Federation of Steam, Hot Water, and Power Pipe Fitters and Helpers, International Association of TABLE 1. National and International Unions and Federations Having Affiliated Locals in Massachusetts at the Close of 1913, showing the Number of Chartered Locals in Massachusetts and at Large Concluded. All National and International Unions -Con. *Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Stablemen, and Helpers of America, International Brotherhood of Textile Workers, National Industrial Union of, (I. W. W.) : *Textile Workers of America, United *Tile Layers and Helpers International Union, Ceramic, Mosaic and Encaustic Tin Plate Workers Protective Association of America, International *Tip Printers, International Brotherhood of Tobacco Workers International Union, *Travelers Goods and Leather Novelty Workers International Union of America, *Upholsterers International Union of North America, *Weavers Amalgamated Association of the United States, Elastic Goring Weavers, National Federation of Cloth *Weavers Protective Association, American Wire Woolsorters and Graders Association of the United States, National Independent Locals (i.e., locals having no national or international affiliation), . TABLE 2. Number of Delegate Organizations Having Affiliated Locals in Massachusetts at the Close of the Years, 1908-1913. |