TABLE 5.-Summary of statistics of schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and for nurses and veterinarians, for 1893-94-Continued.

TABLE 5.-Summary of statistics of schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and for nurses and veterinarians, for 1893-94-Continued.

TABLE 5.—Summary of statistics of schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and for nurses and veterinarians, for 1893-94-Continued.

The number of normal students, or students in various institutions pursuing training courses for teachers, in 1894 was 80,767, according to the returns made to this office. These students were distributed as follows: In 160 public normal schools, 37,899; in 238 private normal schools, 27,995; in pedagogical or teachers' training courses in 173 universities and colleges, 5,500; in 153 public high schools, 5,041; in 137 private high schools, 4,332. It will thus be seen that normal students were reported from 861 distinct institutions. The 398 public and private normal schools sent out 8,271 graduates. The other institutions did not report separately their normal graduates nor the number of students completing pedagogical courses.

A special effort was made by this Bureau in 1894 to secure reports from all new normal schools and from the many institutions of this class known to have been in existence for several years but from which this office had never received statistical reports. The result was an enormous increase in the number of normal students reported, an increase from 52,008 in 1893 to 80,767 in 1894. In 1893 there were 27,926 students reported in 121 public normal schools and in 1894 the number was 37,147, reported by 160 schools. In 1893 the number of students reported by 39 private normal schools was 7,286, and in 1894 there were 238 schools, reporting 27,995 students. In 1893 there were 5,232 normal students reported in 155 colleges and universities, and in 1894 the number reported was 5,500 in 173 of these higher institutions. In 1893 the number of normal students reported in public high schools

was 4,803, and in 1894 the number was 5,041. There was a decrease in the number of normal students reported in private high schools between 1893 and 1894. The number in the former year was 6,761 and in the latter 4,332. This is easily explained. Many of the private high schools and academies had been gradually modifying their courses of study from year to year until those institutions had become practically normal schools, and in very many instances the names of long-established academies had been changed to "normal school," indicating beyond question the change in the scope of the institution. In such cases the school has been transferred from the list of private secondary schools to that of private normal schools. It is readily seen that the falling off of 2,429 in the number of normal students in private high schools is not a real loss. The apparent loss is simply a number transferred, which makes up a portion of the 20,709 increase of students in private normal schools.

In this chapter are ten tables summarizing the statistics of normal schools and showing the distribution of normal students. Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the number of teachers and students, amount of income, value of equipment, etc., for public normal schools, and Tables 4, 5, and 6 give the same items for private normal schools. The statistics of the 398 normal schools are given in detail in Part IV of this report.

PUBLIC NORMAL SCHOOLS.

Table 1 shows that in the 160 public normal schools there were 1,561 teachers instructing normal students, and 551 teachers engaged wholly in other departments. It also shows that in the total enrollment of 56,849 there were 37,899 normal students. Of these 11,606, or 30.62 per cent, were males, and 26,293, or 69.38 per cent, females. These 160 schools turned out 5,952 normal graduates, or 15.70 per cent of the number of normal students. The last column of Table 1 shows that 2,713 colored students were included in the total of 37,899. These colored students were nearly all in public normal and industrial schools in the two Southern divisions. More than three-fourths of the normal students reported in the 160 public normal schools were in the North Atlantic and North Central divisions.

Table 2 gives the number of pupils in model schools connected with the public normal schools as 23,842. This number doubtless includes a large proportion of the 13,392 given in the same table as elementary pupils. There were 933 students in business courses, and 7,291 classed as secondary students.

Table 3 is a financial exhibit of the public normal schools for the year ended June, 1894. The aggregate of appropriations from States, counties, and cities for support was $1,996,271. Tuition fees amounted to $393,329. The third column gives $334,273 as the aggregate of unclassified sums reported and money received from miscellaneous sources. As a number of schools reported only total amount received for support it is evident that a part of the $334,273 properly belongs in the first column and probably a smaller proportion in the second

column. The total amount received for support by the 160 public normal schools was $2,723,873. This was an average of $17,023 to a school. In the North Atlantic Division the average was $21,938 to a school, in the South Atlantic $11,614, in the South Central $9,134, in the North Central $19,770, and in the Western Division $17,628. The 14 public normal schools in the State of New York received $425,557 for support, or an average of $30,397 to a school. The 5 schools in Virginia received $165,954, or an average of $33,191 to a school.

Public normal schools received appropriations from States, counties, and cities for building purposes aggregating $1,583,399. More than half of this amount was received by schools in the North Atlantic Division $856,670-the North Central Division receiving $374,799 and the Western Division $279,000. In the South Atlantic Division the appropriations for building amounted to $49,580 and in the South Central to $23,350.

The aggregate value of buildings and grounds is shown to be $15,571,846, and the value of other property $1,289,100. The value of buildings and grounds in the North Atlantic Division was $8,152,186, or more than half the total; in the North Central the value was $3,588,179, in the Western $1,435,000, in the South Atlantic $1,430,200, and in the South Central $966,281.

Table 10 is a review of appropriations for public normal schools for the past five years, showing the amount received for support and the amount for building each year. For 1893-94 both items were larger than for any previous year-$1,996,271 for support and $1,583,399 for building. The largest previous aggregate for support was $1,567,082 in 1891-92, and the largest amount previously reported for building was $900,533 in 1889-90. The increase of appropriations for support in 1894 over 1893 was very large in each geographical division, the increase being about 100 per cent in the two Southern sections. The increase of appropriations for building was very large for the North Atlantic, the North Central, and Western divisions, but there was a slight decrease for the South Central Division. In the South the demands for support are more urgent than the needs for building.

PRIVATE NORMAL SCHOOLS.

The 238 private normal schools reported in 1894 were very unevenly distributed among the States. The North Central Division had 110 of these schools, the South Central 59, the South Atlantic 46, the North Atlantic 13, and the Western Division 10. Iowa alone reports 23 private normal schools and Ohio 20. By an inspection of the second column of Table 4 it will be seen that thirteen States and Territories were without private normal schools, and nine States reported only one each.

In the 238 schools reporting, there were 1,086 teachers instructing normal students and 918 teachers wholly engaged in other departments. In a total enrollment of 62,934 there were 27,995 normal students. Of