TABLE 6.-Expenditures of the city, exclusive of those for buildings, between 1878 and 1893.

TABLE 7.-Comparative data concerning the common schools of Berlin for the two years 1886 and 1891.

Per capita in 1878, 5.50 marks ($1.31); in 1871, 3.49 marks (84 cents); in 1867, 3.31, marks (78 cents); in 1861, 1.33 marks (32 cents).

TABLE 8.-Time tables of the Berlin common schools used in 1840, 1860, 1873, and 1893.

In 1850 the course for boys was changed so as to read for "national and universal history," 4 hours, as follows: History, 2 hours; knowledge of nature (in summer), 2 hours, and geography, 2 hours (in winter). For girls the course was changed to read "geography" instead of "universal history."

TABLE 8.-Time tables of the Berlin common schools used in 1840, 1860, 1873, and 1893—

[Though the course prescribes six grades, many schools have seven.

TABLE 9.-Distribution of the school children according to age. (Year 1892.)

TABLE 10.-Distribution of the pupils born in 1878, showing the absolute numbers and

ATTENDANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR BOYS IN GERMANY.

In an appendix to the exposé on the universities in Germany, the annual report of this Bureau for 1891-92 contained a summary (p. 368) which has served as a basis for comparisons with other States. The imperial secretary of state at Strasburg, Dr. George von Mayr, a noted statistician, subjects the sources of that table, published by Prof. Dr. C. Rethwisch for the Chicago World's Fair, to a criticism. which reveals most interesting details, and he brings out features of secondary school attendance in Germany which are particularly welcome in this country at a time when high schools and colleges are tak ing an inventory of good intentions and results.

In presenting this statistical material it is necessary to reiterate that the tables show only the number of boys studying in secondary schools, not of girls. The boys in Germany who are predestined by their par ents to pursue higher studies must begin at an early age-say at 10 or 11 years. For girls who aim at entering upon higher studies, ample provision in the form of public preparatory secondary schools is not made as yet in Germany, though there are numerous private institutions of that kind. Efforts are being made of late to establish public gymnasia, or classical schools, for girls, and the Government has the question under advisement. Dr. Mayr, in summarizing the material furnished by each State, arrives at the following totals for the year 1890:

"Gymnasia," or classical schools.... "Real schools," with Latin..........

"Real schools," without Latin..

Total

This is about 3 per cent of the school-going population.

Boys. 134,845

50, 947

62,579

248, 371

The separate States show remarkable differences in the attendance in the three classes of schools. While in Prussia and in Bavaria the classical schools have still the majority of students, States like Saxony, Würtemberg, Baden, and Hessen display an opposite tendency.

The confessions or religions of the students are mentioned separately, both in totals and in ratios, as is seen from the following paragraphs. The numbers are not quite correct, owing to the fact that two States make no returns concerning the denomination of their students.

Germany has 1 student in secondary schools to every 199 of its inhabitants; that is, 1 Protestant student to every 181 Protestant inhabitants; 1 Catholic student to every 307 Catholic inhabitants; 1 student of other Christian confessions to 204 of such inhabitants; 1 Jewish student to every 30 Jewish inhabitants. A computation of the attendance in the three categories of schools with reference to the religion or confession can be made only by leaving out the numbers from Würtemberg and Oldenburg. The result is as follows: