Breviary of Léon, 1516, exists in a copy made by Benedictines of the seventeenth or eighteenth cent., printed by Roparz, Notice sur Ploërmel, p. 163. That from the Breviary of S. Malo, printed at Paris, 1489, is in the Acta Sanctorum, Aug., t. iii, pp. 298-9. Albert le Grand gives the Life from the Breviaries of Léon and Folgoët-the latter no longer exists also from the Legendarium of Plouarzel, which has also disappeared. Albert le Grand is usually very reliable in what he extracts from documents no longer accessible, though reckless in attribution of dates. The earliest text we have is that of the Rennes Breviary, and this is later than the twelfth century, but is probably based on an earlier life.

Arthmael was born in Morganwg, in the cantref of Penychen. We are not told the names of his parents, but this we obtain from the Welsh genealogies. From one in the Iolo MSS., p. 133, we learn that Derfael, Dwyfael, and Arthfael were sons of Hywel, son of Emyr Llydaw, cousins of S. Cadfan; they were members of S. Illtyd's" choir," and afterwards were with S. Cadfan in Bardsey. Arthmael was accordingly first cousin of S. Samson, S. Padarn, S. Maglorius, S. Malo, and brother probably of S. Tudwal of Tréguier, and perhaps also of S. Leonore.

According to the Life in the Breviaries, he was educated in a monastery under a certain abbot Caroncinalis, more properly Carentmael, but did not become a monk. He lived as a secular priest, till one day enter ing the church he heard the deacon read the gospel :-" Whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath cannot be My disciple." This seemed to him to be spoken to himself. He therefore resolved on abandoning his own land, his parents, and his property. He went to Carentmael and told him his purpose. The abbot agreed to depart also, and a large body of colonists left South Wales together with Caroncinalis and Arthmael. They landed in the mouth of the Aber Benoit in Finis tère, the principality of Léon, and went inland till they formed at settlement where is now Plouarzel.

Carentmael is said to have been a near kinsman of Paul of Léon, but he has left no impression in the district where he settled, and he is not numbered among the Breton Saints.

Arthmael remained at Plouarzel some years till the death of Jonas, king of Domnonia, in or about 540, when Conmore married the widow, and obliged Judual, or Iuthael, the prince, to fly for his life to the court. of Childebert. Arthmael, like Leonore and other Saints of Armorica, got on bad terms with the regent Conmore, and he was obliged to leave and go to Paris, where he did his utmost to induce Childebert to displace Conmore and restore Judual. His efforts were unavailing,

I the ami : fansor worse energ at 1 persistence the same casse trove down finally the King's toposition both were sufered Ermany and organuse at merond on seller of Jabal The scoreded and Commore was killed a bare = $35. Jetzal rewarded Animal for nis servates by E glad in the Seache. De et Mame where a the wlace to S Ammel Here be estatusted a monastery. A tage meted the seahbourhood: be pot bus stole about its neck and notared at to the over. He bade the monster prempitate itselt to the stream and was at coce deel Tass a sombolo way of saying that be subdued Commore, the old ingon of Dombona.

Pawing one day by the valley of Loutebel the people complained to him that they lacked good water and with his staf be miraculously produced a spring. He would seem to have established another monastery at Boermel near the pretty lake called Etang de Duc, in a well-wooded rolling country. Whether be bed and was buried there or in his territory near the Seithe, and where s his tomb in the church, s uncertain. How long this was atter the restoration of Jufal we do not know, but it was somewhere about 570.

He was formerly patron of Ergué-Armel, near Quimper, but has been supplanted by S. Allonus. There is a fountam of the Saint at Loutéel, and another prettily situated near the road to Vannes at Vloermel. At this latter place is a window of stamed glass of the sixteenth century, representing the story of the Saint in eight compartments: 1. S. Arthmael bidding farewell to his parents. 2. S. Arthmael healing a leper. 3. The messenger of Childebert summors Arthmael to court. 4. Arthmael performing a miraculous cure. Arthmael and his companions bid farewell to King Childebert. 6. S. Arthmael with his stole round the dragon. 7. S. Arthmael precipitating the dragon into the river. 8. The death of the Saint. Arthmael became one of the most popular Saints of Brittany.

In addition to the parish churches of Plouarzel, Ploermel and S. Armel Loutéhel, and Ergué-Armel, those of Languedias and Langoet were dedicated to him, and he had chapels at Bruz, at Fougeray, Lantic, Radenac, S. Jouan de l'Isle, S. Glen, Sarzeau, and Dinan. His day is most generally regarded as August 16, Missal of Vannes, 1530; Breviary of Vannes, 1589; MS. Calendar of S. Meen, fifteenth century; Breviary of Dol, 1519; Proper of Vannes, 1660; and the MS. Breviary of S. Melanius, Rennes, 1526, Albert le Grand, and Dom Lobineau.

On the other hand August 14 is his day in the Breviary of S. Malo,

1 Roparz (S.), La Légende de S. Armel, S. Brieuc. The window is engraved in La Légende de S. Armel, S. Brieuc, 1855, c. xii, p. 133.

1537, and in that of Léon, 1516; August 15, a Missal of S. Malo, fifteenth century; August 17, the Quimper Breviary of 1835; July 27, the Vannes Breviary of 1757.

The name Arthmael has become in Breton Arzel and Armel and Ermel. He does not seem to have received any cult in Wales, but in Cornwall Arthmael had a chapel, and was represented on the screen (1531), had an altar, and was commemorated annually at Stratton.1

S. Arthmael is represented in stained glass of the end of the fifteenth or beginning of the sixteenth century in the church of S. Sauveur, Dinan, habited as an ecclesiastic with an amice over his shoulder and a cap on his head, and with a green dragon at his feet, bound by his stole. At Ploermel, in like manner in brown habit; but at Languedias is his statue of the seventeenth century that represents him as abbot, trampling on a dragon, which he holds bound with his stole.

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S. Arthmael is invoked for the healing of rheumatism and gout. Henry VII would seem to have brought with him from Brittany a veneration for this saint. There is a fine statuette of him in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster, where he is represented as trampling on the dragon, and mailed, with gauntlets on his hands. This is a reference to his designation as "Miles fortissimus" in the legend as given in the Breviary of Léon, 1516, and in the Rennes Prose of 1492, in which he is invoked as "armigere" against the enemies of our salvation. On Cardinal Moreton's monument in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral he is also represented, but the figure there has been grievously mutilated, head and hands have gone.

S. Ermyn's Hotel, Westminster, stands on S. Ermyn's Hill. This is first mentioned in 1496 as S. Armille's, and later on the name is found as Armell, Armen, Ermyne and Armet. There was a chapel. there in the seventeenth century, which is now represented by the modern parish church of Christchurch, Westminster.

For the Bibliography of S. Arthmael, see F. Duine, Saints de la Brocêliande, iii, S. Armel, Paris, Le Dault, 1905.

S. ARTHNEU, or ARTHNE, Confessor

THIS Saint's name is inserted in the alphabetical catalogue of the Welsh Saints in the Myvyrian Archaiology only, but without any genealogical particulars. Llanarthney, in the Vale of Towy, Carmar

1 Goulding, The Blanchminster Charity, Lond., 1898. In this it is said that the Meneday, or Feast of the Saint, was observed at Stratton, but the day is not given.

2 P. 418.