The story goes on to relate that Gurguy repented and went off to S. Paul at Léon and was bidden by him retire as a penance into a forest near Landerneau, and there fast and pray for forty days. The penance accomplished, Gurguy returned to S. Paul, who admitted him as a monk into his monastery, and finally sent him to be superior to a cell he had established at Gerber, afterwards called Le Relecq, and changed his name to Tanguy.

Then follows a legend of the bringing of the head of S. Matthew to Brittany, and the founding by Tanguy and S. Paul of a monastery on a headland, the extreme western point of Finistère. This is a gross anachronism, as the relics of S. Matthew were not brought to Brittany till 830. This episode may accordingly be dismissed.

What is true is that S. Paul founded the monastery of Gerber, after wards called Le Relecq, about 560 on the spot where the final battle was fought between Judual and Conmore, usurper of Domnonia, in 555, in which Conmore was slain. It acquired its name Le Relecq, or abbatia de reliquiis, from the number of bones found about on the battlefield, relegou being the Breton for bones of all sorts, not necessarily of Saints.2 S. Paul gave Tanguy a dozen monks as his companions. The new name imposed on him is derived from Tan, fire, as that of Aude is from flame.

Now if we look at the Life of S. Paul of Leon, an early document, we find that he had as his father one Porphius,3 and that he came from Penn-Ohen, i.e. Cowbridge, in Glamorgan, and that he had three holy sisters, the name of one of these was Sicofolla, and he had brothers Notalius and Potolius. 4

Sicofolla is, we may suspect, the Sativola of the Exeter Calendars, popularly called Sidwell. If this be so, then we obtain the names of Paul's other sisters. It is true, the author of his Life says there were only three that were saints, whereas in the Life of S. Jutwara there are four named. The curious coincidence is that Tanguy in Léon is represented as in close relationship with S. Paul.

Eadwara and Jutwara may be only two forms of the same name Aed-wyry. The sister called, in the Life of S. Jutwara, Wilgitha, is known in Cornwall and Devon as Wulvella, and she is the reputed foundress of Gulval.

1 ""

Chronicon Britannicum," in Dom Morice, Preuves, i, p. 3.

2 Abgrall (Abbé), Le livre d'or des Eglises de Bretagne, Nos. 19-20, Les Abbayes, p. 9.

3 In Achau'r Saint (Cambro-British Saints, p. 270) the name is Pawlpolius, printed by Rees Pawlpolins.

4 Vita, ed. Dom Plaine in Analecta Boll., 1882.

It is possible that Lanteglos by Camelford may have been dedicated originally to Jutwara, as Laneast, hard by, is to the sisters Wulvella and Sidwell. The church is now supposed to be dedicated to S. Julitta. There is a Holy Well, in fair preservation, with remains of a chapel at Jutwells, which may be a contraction for Jutwara's or Aod's well. The day of the Translation of the body of S. Jutwara from Halinstoke to Sherborne Abbey was observed on July 13. Where was Halinstoke ? Can it have been Helstone or Helsbury, the former in Lanteglos, the latter the stone camp dominating it? Nicolas Roscarrock says that holding her head in her hands, she turned to look back on the hill where she had been martyred.

July 13 was given in the Sherborne Calendar and by Whytford. What seems confirmatory of the dedication is that at Camelford in Lanteglos parish, a fair is held on July 17 and 18, i.e. within the week or octave of the feast of the Translation of S. Jutwara.

The day of her martyrdom according to Nicolas Roscarrock was January 6, but he also gives the day of her translation, July 13.

The sequence for S. Jutwara's day is in the Sherborne Missal, liturgical notes on which have been issued by Dr. Wickham Legg, for the S. Paul's Ecclesiological Society, 1896. It recites the incidents of her legend. It concludes with the invocation :—“ Virgo sidus puellaris medicina salutaris, salva reos ab amaris, sub mortis nubecula." In the Breviary of Léon, 1705, the feast of S. Aude is marked on November 28, as a semi-double. Statues of SS. Tanguy and Aude are in the chapel near the ruins of the abbey of S. Matthieu, also in the church of Kernilis. A statue of S. Aude of the sixteenth century, perhaps earlier, is at Guizény. It is probably she who is represented with a scimitar, her sister S. Sidwell is on the next panel but one, at Ashton, Devon, on the screen, certainly at Hennock beside S. Sidwell with her head in her hands.

In art she might well be represented holding a cream-cheese, or a sword, with an oak tree at her side, if the identification with Jutwara be admitted. In Allwydd neu Agoriad Paradwys, 1670, S. Juthwar V.M. is inscribed on December 23, but this is borrowed from Wilson's English Martyrologie, 1608, and he puts an asterisk to the insertion to show that he had no authority for it. The insertion there was purely arbitrary.

S. Aude, Virgin, is entered in Whytford's Martiloge, on November 18, a slip apparently for November 28.

S. AUGULUS, Bishop, Martyr

AUGULUS, Bishop of London and Martyr, is in the Roman Martyrology, that of Usuardus, those also of Rhabanus Maurus, Wandelbert of Prum, Ado of Vienne, the thirteenth century Martyrology of Christchurch, Canterbury, Arundel MS.. No. 60, also a martyrology written between 1220 and 1224, MS. Reg. 2, A. xiii, etc.1

Nothing whatever is, however, known of him. The day is February 7. Whytford in his Martiloge gives on that day, “In brytayne at august the feest of saynt Agge a martyr and a bysshop"; also Nicolas Roscarrock.

S. AUSTELL, Monk, Confessor

AUSTELL was a disciple of Mevan or Mewan, and accompanied him and S. Samson from South Wales. When Samson made a foundation at Golant near Fowey, previous to crossing into Armorica, Austell must have been there as well, for he planted his llan where stands now the beautiful church that bears his name, and hard by that of his master. On the tower he is represented as a hermit or pilgrim with staff and beads, on the right hand of the Saviour, and on the left is S. Samson habited as Archbishop of Dol, in pall with archiepiscopal crozier.

Austell followed Mewan and Samson to Brittany. Mewan was sent by Samson with a message across the forest of Bracilien to Vannes, and on the way Mewan made friends with a settler from Britain, who persuaded him to found a llan near his place, and promised him all his territory on his death. This was the origin of the famous abbey of S. Méen.

When Mewan was dying Austell stood by with streaming eyes, the aged abbot bade him cease weeping, and not be discouraged, as he would follow him in seven days. Accordingly, seven days after, Austell was found dead in his bed.

The brethren knowing the friendship of long standing that existed. between the two, resolved to lay Austell by his abbot.

On opening the stone coffin, they found that the dead man, whom they had laid on his back with folded hands over his breast, had moved on one side so as to allow space for his faithful companion. S. Austell's 1 Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, etc., i, Appendix B., p. 27, et seq.