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day is June 28.

"Septimo-die, quod est quarto kalendas Julii-in pace obdormiens requievit." 1

Trésveaux in his additions to Lobineau gives the fifteenth century Calendar of S. Méen, and this has the commemoration as on the Vth calends, or June 27.2

Gaultier du Mottay quoting the same authority gives June 29.3 Clearly both have misread the original.

S. Austell (Austolus) does not seem to have founded any churches in Brittany; he was content to be eclipsed by the greater luminary, S. Mevan. But in Cornwall he has a church of great beauty.

According to Sir Harris Nicolas, the Feast of S. Austell was formerly kept on Trinity Sunday, but Nicolas Roscarrock, a better authority because he wrote in or about 1610, and was a Cornish man, says that the Feast was kept on Thursday in Whitsun Week. There is no separate Life of this Saint; all we know of him is from the Life of S. Mevan or Mewan. This has been published by Dom Plaine. It is subsequent to the tenth century, and is contained in the Analecta Bollandiana, tome iii (1884), and is from a MS. that belonged to the Abbey of S. Méen, but is now in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris.

The death of S. Austell took place about 627.

Nicolas Roscarrock from local tradition says that S. Austell and S. Meven were great friends, whose parishes joyne."

S. AVIA, see S. EWE

S. BACH

BACH AB CARWED or Carwyd was the founder of Eglwys Fach, "if the story be true," as the compiler of the alphabetical catalogue in the Myvyrian Archaiology adds, the more obvious signification of the name being the "small church." The parish is situated partly in Denbighshire and partly in Carnarvonshire, and the church is now given as dedicated to S. Martin. Bach's name does not occur in any of the Iolo MSS. lists. Rees 5 places him in the second half of the seventh

1 Vita Sti. Mevenni, ed. Plaine, p. 16.

2 Vies des Saints de Bretagne (ed. 1836), tome i, p. xxviii.

3

'Essai d'Iconographie Bretonne," in Bulletin de la Société Polym. des Côtes du Nord, tome iii, 1857-6. Calendar, p. 353; also p. 127.

4 P. 419.

5 Welsh Saints, p. 306.

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century. He is supposed to have been a Northern chieftain and warrior, who, retiring into North Wales, fixed upon this sequestered spot, and dedicated the close of his life to religion. According to the local tradition the present tower of the church formed his dwelling or cell.

Edward Lhuyd in his Itinerary of Wales (1698-9) says that Bach killed a certain wild beast which was the cause of much annoyance to the inhabitants on the banks of the Carrog near the church. The beast was a kind of wild boar, and they called it Carrog. A little after the slaughter Bach happened to kick the monster's head, but through contact with one of its tusks bruised his foot, and died of the wound (cf. the case of Diarmait in the Irish legend). Another version represents this monstrous boar, which played the part of a mediæval dragon, as having been killed by the united action of the inhabitants. There is yet another tradition, which attributes its slaughter to S. Beuno, who paid Eglwys Fach a special visit for the purpose. According to this, Carrog somewhat resembled a flying serpent, which made its appearance in the daytime, kidnapping and eating children. S. Beuno, from the church tower, directed an arrow to the tender spot on its throatthe only vulnerable part on its body-and this took fatal effect. There is a tumulus, called Bedd Carrog, at Eglwys Fach, which tradition points out as the monster's grave.1

The word carrog means a brook or torrent, and is the name of some half a dozen streams in Wales. A good number of the Welsh river names bear a " swine " signification, or are in some way or another associated by legend with swine.

In the Taxatio of 1291 the church is called "Eglewys Ewach," and in the Valor of 1535 the living occurs as "Rectoria de Vach." These, as well as later forms, show that the name is really Eglwys y Fach, meaning" the church in the nook or angle," which accurately describes its situation in the Conway Valley. If dedicated to a S. Bach, who founded it in the seventh century, its name most probably would have been Llanfach. There is another Eglwys Fach, in Cardiganshire, which is dedicated to S. Michael the Archangel.

S. BACHLA, see S. BAGLAN AB ITHEL HAEL

1 Lewis Morris, Celtic Remains, pp. 25-26; Silvan Evans, Welsh Dictionary, s.v. Carrog; Williams, Eminent Welshmen, s.v. Bach; Bye-Gones for 1896: Willis, Survey of S. Asaph, ed. Edwards, i, p. 284.

3

S. BAGLAN AB DINGAD, Confessor

2

THERE were two Welsh Saints named Baglan. One was Baglan the son of Dingad ab Nudd Hael by Tenoi, the daughter of Lleuddun Luyddog of Dinas Eiddyn, i.e. Edinburgh.1 He was a brother to SS. Lleuddad, Eleri, Tegwy, and Tyfriog. They were all saints at one time of Llancarfan, and afterwards went with S. Dyfrig to Bardsey. Rees places him in the second half of the sixth century. He founded Llanfaglan, near Carnarvon, which is now under Llanwnda. He is connected in the genealogies with Coed Alun. Llanfaglan is situated in Maenor Alun on the Menai Straits, near their southern extremity. The church has been wrongly supposed by some, from its name, to be dedicated to the Magdalene. Baglan Church in Glamorganshire, is sometimes said to have been founded by him, but wrongly we think. There is a Welsh proverb now generally quoted in the following form, “ Ffordd Llanfaglan yr eir i'r nef," "The way of Llanfaglan one goes to heaven." In the Red Book of Hergest collection of proverbs (apparently its earliest known occurrence) it is written, "Ffordd ylanfaglan yd eir y nef." The English equivalent would seem to be "None go to heaven on a feather bed." Llanfaglan Church is picturesquely situated, surrounded by trees, in the centre of a large field washed by the Menai Straits, and there never appears to have been any public roadway towards it. It is now practically abandoned, a new church, more conveniently situated, having been built to replace it.

Baglan is mentioned in the Life of his brother S. Llawddog or Lleuddad (Llanstephan MS. 34), to whom he attached himself, and together served God. From it we gather that he was Dingad's eldest son.

S. BAGLAN AB ITHEL HAEL, Confessor

THIS saint's father was a prince of Llydaw, or Armorica, of which country he was also a native, and for this reason was called Baglan Llydaw. He was a brother to SS. Tanwg, Twrog, Tegai, Trillo, Fflewin, Gredifael, and Llechid, and all or nearly all of them accompanied S. Cadfan to Bardsey. Rees places him in the first half of the sixth century. He founded Baglan Church in Glamorganshire, which

4

1 Peniarth MSS. 16 and 45; Hafod MS. 16; Myv. Arch., pp. 418, 427; Iolo MSS., pp. 103, 113, 139.

2 Welsh Saints, p. 275.

3 e.g., Iolo MSS., p. 103.

A Myv. Arch., p. 418; Iolo MSS., pp. 112, 133, 139. 5 Welsh Saints, p. 223.

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