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ancient portable bell, popularly called Cloch Felen Beuno (his Yellow Bell), which came from the ruins of the chapel. It was described as a copper bell, of unusual shape, and was last seen in the eighteenth century. There is still in Gwredog, in the parish of Llanwnda, below Carnarvon Cadwallon's gift to S. Beuno-a Ffynnon Feuno, situated on Erw Ystyffylau. In the same neighbourhood is Afon Beuno, on the banks of which there is a modern mansion called Glan Beuno. There is a Ffynnon Feuno at Penmorfa, and another at Aberffraw. There was a chapel (now extinct) called Capel Beuno, in the township of Gwespyr, in the parish of Llanasa, Flintshire, and the village of Gwespyr has hence been sometimes called Trefeuno. It seems probable that Whitford Church, now dedicated to S. Mary, was at first dedicated to S. Beuno. It was evidently the mother church of Holywell, and the Valor of 1535 records the annual payment by the latter of two shillings to S. Beuno, which may have been the formal acknowledgment of such connection. A piece of land at Holywell still goes by the name of Gerddi Beuno (his gardens); and his stone is shown in the Well there. Ffynnon Feuno in Tremeirchion parish, below the well-known Bone Caves, is formed of a strong spring rising out of the limestone formation, and is enclosed in an oblong bath. It was once in great repute as a healing well. The Jesuit College of S. Beuno is situated in the same parish. Near Gwyddelwern Church are Gwern Feuno (a swampy or alder-grown piece of land) and Ffynnon Feuno, whence water for baptism was brought; and in a Survey of the Lordship of Ruthin (1737) mention is made of "a big stone called Carreg Beuno," apparently one of the mere-stones of the parish. A Ffynnon Feuno, once famous, is to be found near the church of Bettws Gwerfyl Goch. There are at Llanycil Ffynnon Feuno and Acer Feuno.

Beuno is sometimes given the epithet Casulsych, i.e. Casula sicca, "of the Dry Cloak "; 2 and there is a creek near Clynnog Church called Porth y Casul.3 The origin of both will be found in the Life of S. Winefred. When Beuno was leaving Holywell, Winefred, out of gratitude to him for having raised her to life, promised to send him yearly, on the vigil of S. John Baptist (elsewhere, May 1) a cloak (casula) of her own handiwork, which, "wheresoever he might be clothed therewith, it would neither get wet with rain nor would its nap

1 Thomas, History of the Dio. of S. Asaph, 1st ed., pp. 466–7, 488.

2 Beuno Gasulsych occurs e.g. in the Boneddy Saint in Peniarth MS. 12 (early fourteenth century), the Calendar in Peniarth MS. 186 (fifteenth century), and Leland, Itin., iv, append. p. 109.

3 L. Morris, Celtic Remains, p. 360; Y Gwyliedydd, xiii, p. 339 (1836). 4 Cambro-British Saints, pp. 199–202.

be moved by the wind," from which circumstance it was called Siccus. He directed her to send it in the following manner. "There is a stone in the middle of the stream of the river, on which I have been accustomed to meditate my prayers, place thereon the cloak at the appointed time, and if it will come to me, it will come." The stone bore it " dry internally and externally" all the way over the sea, along the North Wales coast, into the creek at Clynnog.1 A similar story occurs in the Life of S. Senan.

All trees growing on land belonging to S. Beuno were deemed sacred, and no one dared to cut any of them down lest the Saint should kill them or do them some grievous harm.

There is a curious legend current in Carnarvonshire about S. Beuno and the curlew. "When S. Beuno lived at Clynnog, he used to go regularly to preach at Llanddwyn on the opposite side of the water, which he always crossed on foot. But one Sunday he accidentally dropped his book of sermons into the water, and when he had failed to recover it a gylfin-hir, or curlew, came by, picked it up, and placed it on a stone out of the reach of the tide. The saint prayed for the protection and favour of the Creator for the gylfin-hir; it was granted, and so nobody ever knows where that bird makes its nest.'

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Yet another legend. In the upper end of Clynnog parish, in the direction of Penmorfa, there is a tenement called Ynys yr Arch (the tenement of the coffin), which tradition says received its name from the following circumstance. When the saint's dead body was being conveyed to its burial, the funeral procession halted at this place, and a warm discussion arose as to where his mortal remains should be buried. Three places coveted the honour-Clynnog, Nevin, and Bardsey. In the midst of the unseemly altercation, the whole company fell asleep. When they awoke they saw three coffins, each exactly similar in every respect. The contending parties were thus satisfied; but the legend assures us that Clynnog secured the right coffin.3 A saying of Beuno's is preserved in the anonymous "Epigrams of the Hearing" 4:

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In the "Sayings of the Wise "5 it is given somewhat differently:

1 The Life reads " porta Sachlen," for which should probably be read " Sychlen." 2 Rhys, Celtic Folklore, p. 219.

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3 Y Gwladgarwr, vi, pp. 44-5 (1838); Arch. Camb., 1849, p. 125. indebted to Eben Fardd's Cyff Beuno (Tremadoc, 1863) for much information about Clynnog, the Church, and local traditions.

▲ Myv. Arch., p. 129.

5 Iolo MSS., p. 256.

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An old tradition, which was intended to exalt him as one of the greatest of the saints, affirmed that during his lifetime he had raised six persons to life, and that he would some day raise a seventh. It is referred to by some of the mediæval bards.1

In all the Welsh Calendars his Festival is given on April 21. He was arbitrarily inserted by Wilson in his Martyrologie, 1608, on January 14. Roscarrock gives April 21.

Pope Pius IX appointed April 21 as the day for his commemoration in favour of the Jesuit College of S. Beuno near S. Asaph. Beuno died on Low Sunday, falling, we may suppose, that year on April 21. There is no mention in his Life of any transactions with the successor of Cadwallon, who fell in 634. Low Sunday fell on April 21 in 642, 653, and 659. Probably the first of these is the date of Beuno's death, to allow of his association with Ynyr Gwent, who was married to Madrun, daughter of Vortimer, who fell in 457. Ynyr was an aged man when he placed himself in the college of Beuno, but the latter cannot then have been quite young. He was in favour with Cynan Garwyn, son of Brochwel Ysgythrog. According to the Breton life of S. Tyssilio there was a brief reign of two years after the death of Brochwel, and after that apparently Cynan succeeded. Tyssilio was about the age of Beuno we may suppose, and the former died about 650.

Beuno is represented on the open-air fourteenth century stone pulpit of the Abbey of Shrewsbury as an abbot with shaven head, but a ring of hair about it, with an abbatical staff in one hand, and a hare's head in the other. In stained glass at Penmorfa Church, near Tremadoc, he is mitred.

S. BIGAIL, or BIGEL, Confessor

THE name is sometimes written Bugail, which in ordinary Welsh means a herdsman or shepherd. Nothing is known of this saint, and his name does not occur in any of the genealogies; but he is generally identified with S. Vigilius-we presume the early fifth century martyr-bishop of Trent (Austria), whose festival is June 26. The identification, however, is highly improbable, for the Latin vigilia,

1 Their names are given in Peniarth MS. 75 (Evans, Report, i, p. 498), and see a poem by Dafydd Nanmor (fourteenth century) in Cefn Coch MSS., p. 268.

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