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suam adhuc viventem invenit.

Post aliquantulum autem temporis sicut Deus preordinaverat, licet ipse homo non proposuisset, uxorem suam cognovit, ex quâ postea 24 filios et filias genuit. Videns Dei virtutem cui nemo resistere potest, ait, “Jam Deus in me vindicavit quod contra disposicionem voluntatis ejus venire frustra disposui; quia enim 24 annis ab uxore meâ ne sobolem procrearem illicite effugi, dedit mihi pro quolibet anno illicita continentiæ sobolem unam quia jam 24 filios et filias post 24 annos ab eâdem uxore suscepi." Prædicti autem 24 filii et filiæ, quos prædictus Brokanus ex uxore sua Gladewysa genuit his nominibus vocabantur, Nectanus et cætera.

Gwladys was not the name of any wife ascribed to Brychan in the Welsh accounts, but she was his daughter, and one of his most eminent. She became the wife of Gwynllyw Filwr, and mother of St. Catwg. The account given by William of Worcester supplies an omission in the Welsh Cognatio. It shows us that Brychan did visit Ireland, though probably for a very different reason from that assigned by the monkish writer. He went either to assert his rights in Ireland, or to collect more Irishmen to surround him, and to extend his kingdom in Wales.

Leland, in his Collectanea (iv, p. 153), gives a list of the children of Brychan from a legend of S. Nectan, which he found at Hartland. His list is this: (1) Nectan, (2) Joannes, (3) Endelient, (4) Menfre, (5) Dilic, (6) Tedda, (7) Maben, (8) Weneu, (9) Wensent, (10) Merewenna, (11) Wenna, (12) Juliana, (13) Yse, (14) Morwenna, (15) Wymp, (16) Wenheder, (17) Cleder, (18) Keri, (19) Jona, (20) Kanauc, (21) Kerhender (Kenheuder), (22) Adwen, (23) Helic, (24) Tamlanc.

We will now concern ourselves only with those children or grandchildren of Brychan who are named in the lists of William of Worcester and Leland, both of which we have quoted.

We will take the latter list as our basis:

1. Nectan is the Saint of Hartland. He is not included in the Welsh lists. 2. Joannes and (19) Jona are clearly the same. This is the Ive of S. Ive; his settlement there is in connection with those of his cousins, S. Cleer, substituted for Clether, and S. Keyne.

3. Endelient. This is misprinted or miswritten by Nasmith in his William of Worcester list as Sudbrent. She is Cenedlon in the Welsh lists. Her foundation is St. Endelion.

4. Menfre or Menefrida, the foundress of S. Minver, may be Mwynen, the daughter of Brynach the Goidel, and Cymorth or Corth, the daughter of Brychan.

5. Dilic is given by William of Worcester as Delyan, and is possibly the same as (3) Endelion.

6. Tedda in William of Worcester. Tetha is S. Teath, pronounced Teth. She is actually S. Itha, but may be Tydieu.

7. Maben is S. Mabenna of S. Mabyn, also unknown to the Welsh.

8. Weneu or Wentu is the same as (11) Wenna. This is Gwen. Gwen of Talgarth was a daughter or granddaughter of Brychan, who married Llyr Merini, and was the mother of Caradog Freichfras, who certainly was in Cornwall, in the Callington district.

9. Wensent cannot now be traced; probably same as (8) and (11); Wensant, or S. Wenn.

10. Merewenna and (14) Morwenna are doubtless the same, patroness of Marhamchurch and of Morwenstow. Not known to the Welsh. II. (See 8 and 9.)

12. Juliana is the Juliot of North Cornwall; her name probably occurs as Ilud in the Cognatio.

13. Yse, clearly the patron of S. Issey. This is no doubt a mistake of the legend writer. The Episcopal Registers gave S. Itha as patroness of S. Issey, and she was an Irish saint. Her cult may have been introduced by the Brychan family.

14. (See 10.)

15. Wymp is S. Wenappa, the Gwenabwy or Gwenafwy of the Welsh lists a daughter of Caw. Patroness of Gwennap (see 16).

16. Wenheder is the same as Wenappa (see 15).

17. Cleder is possibly Clydog, who was grandson of Brychan and son of Clydwyn. He is S. Clether in Cornwall, probably also S. Cleer.

18. Keri is clearly intended for Curig, patron of Egloskerry. His ancestry is unknown, but as he settled in the Brecon colony he was reckoned as a son of Brychan.

19. (See 2.)

20. Kanauc. By this Leland means Cynog. He was Brychan's illegitimate son by the daughter of the Prince of Powys. He was killed at Merthyr Cynog, in Brecknockshire. Probably patron of S.

Pinnock.

21. Kerheuder in William of Worcester is Nasmith's misreading for Ken. heuder, i.e., Cynidr, S. Enoder, who was the son of one of Brychan's daughters.

22. Adwen or S. Athewenna is probably Dwyn or Dwynwen, a virgin, daughter of Brychan.

23. Helic or Helye. The patron of Egloshayle is intended.

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24. Tamlanc is given by William of Worcester as Tanclanc. The patroness of Talland is S. Elen. This may be the Elined or Almedha of the Welsh lists, and the MSS. may have had Elena cujus ecclesia in Tamlanc," and both transcribers may have committed the same careless blunder of taking the name of the place for that of the patron. Talland = (Sain)t Elined, as Awdry became Tawdry.

We have accordingly been able to account for about seventeen persons out of the twenty-four names.

Nicolas Roscarrock gives April 6 as the day of S. Brychan. The saint is represented in fifteenth century glass, with a lap full of children, at S. Neot, Cornwall.

In the Iolo MSS1 he is said to have founded the church of Gwenfo or Wenvoe, now dedicated to S. Mary, in Glamorganshire.

There is a place called Llys Brychan (his Court), near the site of the ruined church of Llangunnock, or Llangynog, near Llansoy, Monmouthshire, and also another under Garn Goch, in Carmarthenshire, as already mentioned.

Dafydd ab Gwilym, the contemporary of Chaucer, in his well-known

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poem addressed to S. Dwynwen, implores her to grant him his request "for the sake of the soul of Brychan Yrth with the mighty arms."1

We fear that we have been able to throw but little light on a peculiarly obscure topic, but it may be of some avail to have collected together all that is recorded relative to this most shadowy but prolific father of a saintly family.

S. BRYNACH, Abbot, Confessor

THE authorities for the life of this Saint are, a Life in MS. Cotton., Brit. Mus. Vespasian A. xiv, a Life possibly drawn up in the tenth or eleventh century, and an epitome of the same in Capgrave's Nova Legenda, which is really due to John of Tynemouth circ. 1360, whose MS. (Tiberius E. 1) was partly destroyed by fire in 1731, but is still in most portions legible. From the minuteness of the local details it is obvious that it was composed by a Kemes man. Further informa

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tion is obtained from the Welsh Genealogies of the Saints. The Life seems to imply that Brynach was a son of Israel," 2 but this may mean no more than that he was of the true Israel of God, a Christian by family. The Welsh call him a Gwyddel or Irishman. He was "soul-friend" (periglor, as it is in Welsh), i.e., confessor and chaplain, to Brychan, the Irish conqueror and colonist of Brecknock, and came with him to Britain. He married Brychan's daughter, Corth or Cymorth, and by her had a son, Berwyn, and three daughters, Mwynen, Gwenan, and Gwenlliw.3

Leaving his native land, Brynach went on pilgrimage to Rome to visit the tombs of the Apostles, and whilst there, according to the legend, slew a pestiferous monster. Returning from his pilgrimage he visited Brittany, where he remained for several years, but he has left there no permanent trace of his presence. Then he departed; according to the legend he floated over the sea on a stone. This means no

1 Poems, ed. 1789,p. 156. The epithet Gyrth seems to mean "touched" or "stricken"; cf. Einion Yrth, son of Cunedda, whose name occurs as Enniaun Girt in the very early pedigrees in Harleian MS. 3859.

2 Elegit sibi Dominus virum de filiis Israel juxta cor suum, Bernaci nomine," Vita, Cambro-British Saints, p. 5. The Life in Capgrave says only" ab illustri siquidem prosapia ortus, divitiis admodum locupletatus extitit, et patrimoniis dilatus," ed. Horstman, Oxf., 1901, Part 1, p. 114; from the Vita, “ab illustri siquidem parentum prosapia ortum ducens," etc.

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3 Iolo MSS., pp. 121, 140. Berwyn is called Gerwyn in the later genealogies. Minorem Britanniam ingressus est, ibi quidem per multos annos commor. atus beneficia potiora magnasque virtutes operatus est," Vita, p. 6.

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Sanctus Dei fide plenus . . . . petram ascendit," Ibid.

VOL. I.

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