subjection the natives, who probably offered little resistance. To the South shot up the purple Brecknock Beacons; away to the East the range of the Black Mountains, abruptly dying down, and forming a mighty portal through which, many centuries later, the Normans would pour and make Brecon their own.

To the North were only wooded hills, stretching away to the Epynt range a fair enclosed land, some twelve miles across, a happy valley as that of Rasselas, to all appearance, but one to be battled for from generation to generation: so rich, so lovely, that it was coveted by all who looked upon it.

That Anlach was a Christian we must suppose, but of a rude quality. His wife was one, certainly, and his son Brychan was brought up in the Christian faith.

Within the walls of Bannium, now Y Gaer, on a hot summer, the grass burns up over the foundations of a villa, and reveals the plan, with atrium and semi-circular tablinum opening out of it, and chambers to which access was obtained from the atrium. It was the most notable building in Bannium-perhaps in the fifth century not wholly ruinous. And in it Anlach may well have dwelt; and in one of those chambers now under the sod, Brychan, who was to give his name to all that country, may well also have been born.

Of the life of Brychan we know nothing, save only what has been already related: how he was instructed by the Christian sage Drichan, and how he was sent hostage to the King of Powys.

The following represent the principal printed Welsh lists of Brychan's children. There are, needless to say, more still in various MSS.

1. The Cognatio of Cott. Vesp. A. xiv (early thirteenth century): eleven sons and twenty-five daughters.

2. The Cognatio of Cott. Dom. i (circa 1650): thirteen sons and twentyfour daughters.

3. Jesus College, Oxford, MS. 20, known as Llyfr Llywelyn Offeiriad (first half of the fifteenth century): eleven sons and twenty-four daughters. 4. The Achau compiled by Lewis Dwnn, a Welsh herald, temp. Queen Elizabeth, printed in the Heraldic Visitations of Wales, vol. ii, p. 14, 1846, edited by Sir S. R. Meyrick fourteen sons and twenty-two daughters. 5. Myvyrian Archaiology, p. 419, from an Anglesey MS. written in 1579 : twenty-three sons and twenty-five daughters.

6. Iolo MSS., p. 111, from a Coychurch MS., compiled or transcribed by Thomas ab Ifan, circa 1670: twenty-four sons and twenty-six daughters.

7. Iolo MSS., pp. 119-121, from another Coychurch MS., by the same : twenty-five sons and twenty-six daughters.

8. Iolo MSS., p. 140, from a Cardiff MS.: twenty-five sons and twentyeight daughters.

9. Cambro-British Saints, pp. 270-1, from Harleian MS. 4181, early eighteenth century: two sons and twenty daughters.

To these must be added:

10. The list given by Nicolas Roscarrock, the friend of Camden, in his MS. Lives of the Saints, now in the University Library, Cambridge. He was assisted by Edward Powell, a Welsh priest, who had in his possession a number of Welsh pedigrees and calendars. Thirtytwo sons and thirty-one daughters-sixty-three in all-the most liberal allowance given him, we believe, in any list extant.

II. The list in the tract on "the Mothers of the Saints " in Ireland, attributed to Oengus the Culdee: twelve sons in all.

12. The list given by William of Worcester: twenty-four children. 13. The list given by Leland: also twenty-four children.

Giraldus Cambrensis, who speaks of Brychan as "a powerful and noble personage," says that "the British histories testified that he had four-and-twenty daughters, all of whom, dedicated from their youth to religious observances, happily ended their lives in sanctity."1 No doubt Fuller had this passage before him when he wrote, in his Worthies, of Brychan :

"This King had four-and-twenty daughters, a jolly number; and all of them saints, a greater happiness." He had, of course, no other conception of saintship than that of the Latin Church.

Caw, the founder of one of the Three Saintly Tribes, is also credited with having been the father of a numerous family-twenty-six sons and five daughters; but some of his sons followed a warlike life. Clechre or Clether, mentioned in the Life of S. Brynach, had 20 sons. But Welsh law, even down to the 13th century, made no distinction between children born in and out of wedlock.

The following is an alphabetical list of Brychan's children, as given in the Cognatio of Cott. Vesp. A. xiv, by much our earliest authority, with identifications from the later lists:

Sons:

I. Arthen.

2. Berwin (Berwyn, Gerwyn).

3. Clytguin (Cledwyn).

4. Chybliuer (Cyflefyr or Cyflewyr); son of Dingad in the Jesus MS..

5. Kynauc (Cynog).

6. Kynon (Cynon); son of Arthen in Cogn. Dom.

7. Dynigat (Dingad).

8. Papay (Pabiali).

9. Paschen (Pasgen); son of Dingad in Cogn. Dom. and the Jesus MS. 10. Rein (Rhun or Rhun Dremrudd).

1. Aranwen (Arianwen), wife of Iorwerth Hirflawdd, king of Powys.

2. Kehingayr (Rhiengar), mother of S. Cynidr.

Itin. Kamb., bk. i, ch. ii.

2 Vol. iii, p. 514, ed. 1840.

3. Gladis (Gwladus), wife of Gwynllyw Filwr, and mother of S. Catwg or Cadoc.

4. Guaur (Gwawr), wife of Elidr Lydanwyn, and mother of Llywarch Hen. 5. Gurycon Godheu (Gwrgon), wife of Cadrod Calchfynydd.

6. Hunyd (Nefydd), wife of Tudwal Befr.

7. Luan (Lleian), wife of Gafran, and mother of Aidan or Aeddan Fradog. 8. Marchel (Mechell), wife of Gwrin Farfdrwch of Meirionydd.

9. Meleri (Eleri), wife of Ceredig, and grandmother of S. David.

10. Nyuein (Nefyn), wife of Cynfarch Gul, and mother of Urien Rheged.

11. Tutglid (in quite the later lists Tudful and Tangwystl are confounded with her), wife of Cyngen, and mother of Brochwel Ysgythrog.

Daughters not mentioned as married :—

12. Belyau (possibly Felis of the Jesus MS., and Tydieu of the other lists). 13. Bethan (unidentified).

25. Tudhistil (Tangwystl, otherwise called Tanglwst).

We now give them as they occur in the various later lists :

Sons:

I. Arthen. Attlien in the Jesus MS.

2. Cadog. He is the Rydoch or Iudoc in Cogn. Vesp.; Ridoc in Cogn. Dom.; Reidoc in the Jesus MS.; Radoc in the Achau (No. 4).

3. Cai.

4. Cledwyn or Clydwyn.

5. Clydog or Cledog. The son of Clydwyn according to the Cognatio.

6. Cyflefyr or Cyflewyr.

7. Cynbryd.

8. Cynfran.

9. Cynin. No doubt Cunin Cof, the son of Brychan's daughter Hunyd (Nefydd), by Tudwal Befr.

10. Cynog. By Banadlined, daughter of a King of Powys.

II. Cynon, in the Jesus MS. Cogn. Vesp. has Kynon qui sanctus est in occidentali parte predicte Mannie"; Cogn. Dom.,

"

Run ipse sanc

tus ycallet (sic) in Manan "; the Jesus MS., Runan yssyd yny (lle) a elwir Manaw."

12. Dingad.

13. Dogfan, Dogwan, or Doewan.

14. Dyfnan. Probably the Dustnon of Achau.

15. Dyfrig.

By Eurbrawst (Iolo MSS., p. 119). He must not be taken for the well-known Dubricius or Dyfrig, who as we know from his Vita was the son of Efrddyl, daughter of Pepiau, king of Erging, but his father's name is not mentioned.

16. Gerwyn or Berwyn.

17. Hychan.

18. Llecheu.

19. Mathaiarn. Marthaerun in Cogn. Dom.; Marcharairjun or Marcharanhun in the Jesus MS.; and Matheyrn in Achau.

20. Nefydd.

21. Neffei. Possibly the Dedyu or Dettu given in the Cognatio as son of Clydwyn. In Iolo MSS., p. 119, he is said to have been a son by Proistri, his Spanish wife.

22. Pabiali. Papai in the Jesus MS.

23. Pasgen. Son probably by Proistri
24. Rhaint or Rhain.

25. Rhawin.

26. Rhun or Rhun Dremrudd.

in Achau.

27. Syredigon. In

(Iolo MSS., p. 119).
Son by Proistri (Iolo MSS., p. 119).

Drem Dremrud in the Jesus MS.; Rhevn Succeeded his father as king, according to Cogn. Dom. Achau only.

28. a Valath (sic). In Achau only.

Daughters :

1. Anna. Iolo MSS., p. 140, only.

2. Arianwen. The Wrgrgen of the Jesus MS. is a misscript for this saint's

name.

3. Bechan. Cogn. Dom.; the Bethan of Cogn. Vesp.; in none of the other

8. Cymorth or Corth.

9. Cyneiddon. Only in Cogn. Dom. as Koneidon, and the Jesus MS. as

Ryneidon.

10. Dwynwen.

11. Eiliwedd, Eluned, or Elyned. As Eliweet in Achau.

Giraldus Cambrensis, but a misreading.

The Almedha of

12. Eleri (properly Meleri, unrubricated). Meleri in Cogn. Dom. and the Jesus MS.; Elen in Achau. Daughter by Eurbrawst (Lewis Dwnn, ii, p. 64).

Of Merthyr Enfail.

of the Merthir Euineil of Cogn. Vesp., a misscript for Tutuul, i.e., Her name has probably been evolved out the Tudful of Merthyr Tydfil.

13. Enfail.

14. Goleu.

Only in Cogn. Dom. as Gloyv, and Achau as Gole. The same as Goleuddydd.

21. Gwenfrewi. Only in Iolo MSS., p. 140, and Achau.

22. Gwenlliw.

23. Gwladus.

24. Gwrgon. Grucon Guedu in Cogn. Dom., and Grugon in the Jesus MS.

As Marchell in Cogn. Dom., the Jesus MS., and Achau.

30. Nefydd. In Myv. Arch., p. 419; Hunyd in Cogn. Vesp.; Nunidis in

Cogn. Dom.; Goleuddydd in the Jesus MS.

31. Nefyn. The Nyuen of Cogn. Dom.

32. Rhiengar or Rhiengan. Keyngair in Cogn. Dom., Kingar in the Jesus MS., and Kyngar in Achau.

33. Tanglwst or Tangwystl. Taghwystyl in the Jesus MS.; probably the Tutbistyl of Cogn. Dom.

34. Tudfyl. The Tuglit of Cogn. Dom., and Gutuyl of the Jesus MS. 35. Tudwen.

36. Tybïeu or Tybie.

37. Tydieu or Tydeu.

Nicholas Roscarrock, in his MS. Lives of the Saints, on the authority of MSS. possessed by Edward Powell, priest, gives another list as follows:

1. Cenawcus, Martyr. The Cynog of the Cognatio.

"

2. Cladwin, and (3) Cledwin, whoe conquered South Wales, and had a great saint to his son, named Clydocus." He duplicates Cledwyn, the Clytguin of Cogn. Vesp.

4. Cifliver. The Chybliuer or Cyflewyr of the other lists.

5. Berwin. This is Berwyn or Gerwyn, the son of Brynach Wyddel and grandson of Brychan.

6. Maethiarn. Occurs in Cogn. Dom. A saint of Cardiganshire.

7. Cinan. The Cynon of Cogn. Vesp., and son of Arthen in Cogn. Dom. 8. Kembrit. The Cynbryd of the later lists. A martyr at Bwlch Cynbryd,

Llanddulas.

9. Cimfram. In the later lists Cynfran, founder of Llysfaen, Denbighshire. 10. Hichan. In the later lists. 11. Diffrig. In the later lists.

The saint of Llanychan in the Vale of Clwyd.

12. Cain, a Martyr. This is the Cai of the Iolo MSS. pedigrees. 13. Allecheu.

The Llecheu of the later lists. Of Llanllecheu in Ewyas. 14. Dingad. Cogn. Vesp. He was father of Pasgen according to Cogn. Dom. 15. Cadocus, the Rydoch of Cogn. Vesp.

16. Rawn or Rohun. The Rein of Cogn. Vesp., otherwise called Rhun Dremrudd. Succeeded his father as king. See also 25.

19. Anewi.

Possibly Neffei.

Founder of Llanddyfnan in Anglesey.

20. Paball. In Cogn. Vesp. and Dom. Papay; in the later lists Pabiali. 21. Ridorch, and (22) Rodorch, the same duplicated, the Rydoch of Cogn.

Vesp.

23. Caradocus. This is Caradog Freichfras, great-grandson of Brychan, by his granddaughter Gwen of Talgarth.

24. Helim, the Helye or Helic of Leland and William of Worcester. 25. Run.

26. Japan.

The same as Rawn, No. 16.

Not recorded elsewhere.

27. Doguan. The Dogfan of the later lists. A martyr at Merthyr Dogfan, in Pembrokeshire; founder of Llanrhaiadr ym Mochnant.

28. Auallach. A mistake of Roscarrock, who has inserted the father of Brychan among his sons.

29. Lhoiau. Possibly the Llecheu of the later lists.

30. Pashen.

31. Idia.

Dom.

Paschen in Cogn. Vesp. Son of Dingad, according to Cogn.

Not found elsewhere.

32. Io. The Iona or Ioannes of Leland and William of Worcester.