The several acts and decisions thereon, which have been prescribed under this clause, n. 219.

GENERAL welfare. The Constitution established to promote the

general welfare. Preamble

GENERAL welfare. Congress shall have power to provide for the general welfare..

Judge Story's reading of this clause, n. 80. Mr. Jeffer-
son's construction, n. 80.

GEORGIA. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 8; the Articles of Con-
federation, pp. 9, 21; and the Constitution of the United
States, pp. 43, 252. Qualifications for voters in, n. 17, p. 60.
GEORGIA. Entitled to three representatives in the first Congre4s.

Seven representatives by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69.
Population through each decade, n. 24, pp. 69. 70. Did not
vote in the presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned
to fifth judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ceded Alabama and
Mississippi, notes 230, 231, 232. Ratified the 13th consti-
tutional amendment, n. 274, and rejected the 14th, n. 275.
Declared one of the rebel States, n. 276, p. 282. Civil gov-
ernment subject to military control, n. 274, p. 286, § 1.
Held convention, 277. Registered voters in, Id.

GERRY, ELBRIDGE, of Mass. Signed the Dec. of Ind., p. 7; and
Articles of Confederation, p. 21. Vice-President, n. 37.
GILMAN, NICHOLAS. Deputy from New Hampshire. Signed this
Constitution, pp. 42, 252.

GOD, ALMIGHTY. (See Almighty God, n. 5.)

GOD, the act of, not to affect the termination of services, n. 274.
GOLD and silver coin. No State shall make any thing but gold and

silver coin a tender in payment of debts..

Remark upon this, n. 152. But Congress may make paper a legal tender, notes 83, 97, 98, 99, 100, 155. This denied, notes 97-100. Examples of paper legal tenders, n. 83. The first legal-tender act was in favor of foreign coin, n. 155. GOOD behavior. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior

That is for life or until impeachment, notes 191, 192, 193, 194, 197. The precedents of impeachment for want of, n. 194. GORHAM, NATHANIEL, of Mass. Signed the Constitution, pp.41, 252. GOVERNING the militia. Congress shall have power to provide for governing such part of the militia as may be employed in the service of the United States..

This power defined, n. 134. Power of the President over, notes 134, 135.

GOVERNMENT. The Constitution created a, not a mere compact, Pref. p. viii. notes 2, 4. Cannot take the rights of the citizen away, except by due course of law, n. 257. Grand juries hear the evidence of the government only, n. 233. Reasons for the exclusive in the District of Columbia, n. 136. How it is changed by abolishing slavery, n. 274. Changes in the, silent and conventional, n. 286, p. 293. The fallacy that the President is the government, Id. The decisions and influence of the judicial department of, Id. 294. The revolutions which have marked the history will be found where, Id. p. 294.

GOVERNMENT. Congress shall have power to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces... These rules, how made and where found, n. 129. GOVERNMENT of the United States. Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or office thereof.

(See power discussed, notes 71, 128.) Does not mean abso

22, 53

lutely necessary, n. 188. This enlarges, does not limit, n. 188. Necessary discussed, n. 138. Calhoun's definition, n. 228. Compared with other subjects, notes 262, 264, 269; with "appropriate" in the thirteenth amendment, n. 274, p. 276. (See note 46.) GOVERNMENT. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendments.. The people used in the broadest sense, n. 248. The right of petition and the extent, to the government,

n. 248. GOVERNMENT. Republican form of, guaranteed. The United States shall guarantee to every State in the Union a republican form of government..

The duty is on the government; Congress to decide
what is the State government, n. 233. Guarantee and
every State defined, n. 233, pp. 242, 286. Republican
form of, defined and discussed, n. 248, p. 243. No legal
State governments exist in the ten rebel States, n. 276,
p. 282, preamble. Held subject to the wiil of the military
commanders and of Congress, n. 284, p. 286, § 1.
Power

of the military commanders to remove the officers of the
so-called, n. 274, pp. 286, 287, § 2. To remove all who are
disloyal to the government of the United States or
oppose reconstruction, Id. § 4.

GOVERNMENT. Seat of government established

Ceded by Maryland and Virginia, n. 187.

GRAIN. A weight of the metric system, n. 102, p. 118, § 2.
GRAND jury. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a grand jury, &c. Amendments

Slaves were not persons within the meaning of this
clause, n. 253. Capital, &c., crime defined, n. 253. Pre-
sentment and indictment defined, Id. Grand jury not less
than twelve nor more than twenty-three, n. 253. Regu-
lated by statute, ld.

GRANT. No State shall grant any title of nobility.
GRANT. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offenses against the United States, except in
cases of impeachment....

Reprieves and pardons defined and discussed, n. 177. To grant a reprieve is to withdraw a sentence of death for a time, n. 177.

35, 171

GRANT, ULYSSES S. General of the United States army, n. 124. GRANTED powers. All legislative powers granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States..

Legislative power defined, n. 14. Congress defined and discussed, n. 15. The wisdom of this division of power. n. 15.

GRANTING commissions. The President shall have power to fill
up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the
Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the
end of their next session

This subject discussed and compared with the Civil
Rights Bill, n. 185. How the vacancies may occur, Id.
How long these commissions last, n. 186. Limitation of the
power, n. 184, p. 180, § 3.

GRANTS of States. The judicial power shall extend to cases be-
tween citizens of the same State claiming lands under
grants of different States...
GRIER, ROBERT C. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n.
197.

GROW, GALUSHA A. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 78,

GRIEVANCES. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendments... Must be determined by the power of the government to afford the redress, n. 248.

GUARANTY. The United States shall guaranty to every State in
this Union a republican form of government..

Guaranty defined, n. 283. (See Government.) Every
State extends also to inchoate States, n. 233.

GWINNETT, BUTTON, of Georgia. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7.

HABEAS CORPUS. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall
not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or
invasion, the public safety may require it..

Privilege defined, n. 140. When the President may sus-
pend it, or disobey the writ, notes 140, 162. Habeas corpus
defined, n. 141. Congress alone may suspend the writ,
n. 141.
Denied, n. 140. When it may be issued by the
federal courts, n. 141, p. 141. When the State courts can-
not release under it, n. 141, p. 142. Not when committed
by the federal government, n. 141, p. 143. The act of 1863,
suspending the writ, Id. His proclamation suspending the
writ, Id. The courts judicially noticed the end of the re-
bellion, n. 141, p. 144. The writ in favor of the assassins
disobeyed, Id. The writ the remedy for false imprison-
ment, Id.
When for contempts, Id. The laws of Pennsyl
vania about, n. 141, p. 145. The demarcations between the
federal and State governments defined, n. 141, pp. 148, 149.
The distinction between process and imprisonment, Id.
The rights of the citizen to claim the benefit of the writ of
habeas corpus is an immunity, n. 221, p. 226.

HALL, LYMAN, of Georgia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 8.

HAMILTON, ALEXANDEB, of N. Y. Signed the Constitution, p. 42.
HAMLIN, HANNIBAL. Vice-President of United States, n. 37.
HANCOCK, JOHN, of Massachusetts. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
and Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
HANSON, JOHN, of Maryland. Signed Articles of Confederation,
p. 21.

HAPPEN. When vacancies happen in the representation from any
State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of
election to fill such vacancies....

The governors may act without waiting for the house or waiting for a resignation of the vacancy really exist, n. 45. HAPPEN. When vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments, &c.

The vacancy, how it happens, n. 32. The executive cannot appoint before the vacancy actually happens, n. 33. HAPPEN. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, &c..... Vacancies, happen, &c., defined and discussed, n. 185. The power limited by the tenure of office bill, n. 184, p. 180, § 3. HARNETT, CORNS., of N. C. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21. HARRISON, THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7. HARRISON, WILLIAM H. President, n. 166, p. 163.

HART, JOHN, of New Jersey. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7; and Arti cles of Confederation, p. 21.

HARVIE, JOHN, of Virginia. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21 HEADS of Departments. The President may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices..

What are these cabinet departments, n. 176. The practice as to the opinions, Id.

HEADS of Departments. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments...

Who are such inferior officers, n. 183.

HEWES, JOSEPH, of North Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
HEYWARD, Jr., THOMAS, of South Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind.

p. 8; and Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

HIGH crimes and misdemeanors. The President, Vice-President,
and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason,
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Confined strictly to civil officers, n. 191. Senators are
not civil officers, Id. Treason and bribery defined, Id.
High crimes defined, n. 193. Misdemeanors defined and
distinguished, n. 194. The whole question and prece-
dents considered, n. 194.

HOLTON, SAMUEL, of Mass. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
HONOR. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend
further than to removal from office, and disqualification to
hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under
the United States..

Judgment defined, n. 40. Whether it shall be less,
Id. Punishment touches neither person nor property,
n. 40. (See notes 39, 191, 192, 193. 194.) The President
cannot release the judgment by pardon. Art. II. Sec. 2,
Cl. 1, n. 177.

HOOPER, WILLIAM, of North Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind. P. 8.
HOPKINS, STEPHEN, of Rhode Island. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
HOPKINSON, FRANCIS, of New Jersey. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
HOSMER, TITUS, of Conn. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
HOUSE. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any

house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war,
but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendments
His house is his castle, n. 25. The occupant is the owner
for this purpose, Id. Soldier and quarter defined, Id.
HOUSE of Representatives. Congress shall consist of a Senate
and House of Representatives...

Only one house under the Articles of Confederation, Art.
V. p. 10. (See Congress.) Congress defined, n. 15. Wisdom
of the division, n. 15.

HOUSE of Representatives. Members of the House of Represen-
tatives chosen every second year by the people.....

House defined, n. 16. The people defined, n. 16. Com-
pared with electors, citizens, &c. notes 16, 17, 18, 21, 93,
220, 274. Interpolations by the Confederate Constitution,
n. 16, p. 59. (See Citizens, notes 220, 274.) How chosen
under the articles of Confederation, Art. V. p. 10.
HOUSE of Representatives, members of the. (See Representa-
tives.)

HOUSE of Representatives. Qualifications of electors of members
of the House of Representatives, the same as for electors
of the most numerous branch of the State legislature
Qualifications defined, n. 16, pp. 59, 60. The qualifica-
tions in each State, alphabetically arranged, n. 17, pp.
60-64. No uniformity of qualifications but in sex and age,
n. 17, p. 65. Citizenship does not give, nor the want of
it take away, the right to vote, n. 18.
HOUSE of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other
officers.

Speaker defined, his eligibility to the Presidency, n. 26.
List of Speakers, n. 26, p. 73.

HOUSE of Representatives shall have sole power of impeachment..
We must look to the common law for the definition of
impeachment, n. 27. Impeachment defined and discussed,
notes 27, 39, 191, 192, 193.

HOUSE Each, shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and
qualifications of its own members, and a majority shall
constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number
may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to
compel the attendance of absent members in such manner
and under such penalties as that house may provide

Elections defined, n. 44. The returns prima facie
evidence, n. 45. Qualifications defined and discussed, and
the issues between the President and Congress stated,
n. 46, pp. 84, 85, 86.

HOUSE. Each, may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the con-
currence of two-thirds, expel a member..

The rules, where found, n. 47. The right to punish for
contempts, n. 48. For what a member may be expelled;
and who have been expelled, notes 49, 50.

HOUSE. Each, shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as
may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and
nays of the members of either house, on any question,
shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered
on the journal

The object of this, n. 51.

HOUSE. Neither, during the session of Congress, shall without the
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,
nor to any other place than that in which the two houses
shall be sitting

This was to secure independence of the President, n. 52.
HOUSE of Representatives. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate
may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other
bills.

Copied from the English law, n. 64. Revenue defined,
n. 65.
HOUSE of Representatives and Senate. Every bill which shall
have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate
shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President
of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if
not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house
in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the ob-
jections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider
it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with
the objections, to the other house, by which it shall like-
wise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that
house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the
votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays;
and the names of the persons voting for and against the
bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respect-
ively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like
manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their
adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not
be a law...

When bills take effect, n. 66. The returning, negative
or veto defined, n. 67. History of the veto, n. 67, pp. 92, 93.
HOUSE of Representatives and Senate. Every order, resolution, or
vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of
Representatives may be necessary (except on a question
of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the
United States, and, before the same shall take effect, shall
be approved by him; or, being disapproved by him, shall
he repassed bytwo-thirds of the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives, according to the rules and limitations pre-
scribed in the case of a bill..

When a joint resolution is a law, n. 70. Resolutions
proposing amendments to the Constitution need not be
submitted to the President, notes 236, 275, 284.

HOUSE of Representatives. If no person have a majority (of the
electoral votes as President of the United States), then,
from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceed-
ing three, on the list of those voted for as President, the
House of Representatives shall choose, immediately, by
ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the
votes shall be taken by States, the representatives from
each State having one vote: a quorum for this purpose
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of