A treatise on roads |
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Allesley arch Archway road axles bottom breadth bridge broken stones built carriage carried centre coating Commissioners considerable constructed contractor cross drains cubic yards defective depôts depth district draught earth eighteen inches engineer experiments feet wide fences foot footpath formed Foster's Booth foundation four inches gravel ground half hard Hartshill Holyhead Road horizontal horses improvement inches deep inches thick inclined plane John Kershaw labour laid land length line of road London masonry Menai Strait ment miles miles per hour mortar necessary nine inches North Wales parish passing paved pavement pence Plate principle proper quicksets rails railway Rates of Inclination repair resistance road materials road-making roadway side channels six inches slopes spirit level stage coach Stowe Hill streets surface surveyor Telford Thomas Baylis three feet three inches tons trustees turnpike roads valley velocity waggon weight wheels whole
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Side 23 - ... breakings down. They will here meet with ruts which I actually measured four feet deep, and floating with mud only from a wet summer ; what therefore must it be after a winter ? The only mending it...
Side 10 - All these cities were connected with each other, and with the capital, by the public highways, which, issuing from the Forum of Rome, traversed Italy, pervaded the provinces, and were terminated only by the frontiers of the empire. If we carefully trace the distance from the wall of Antoninus to Rome, and from thence to Jerusalem, it will be found that the great chain of communication, from the north-west to the south-east point of the empire, was drawn out to the length of four thousand and eighty...
Side 22 - ... let me most seriously caution all travellers who may accidentally propose to travel this terrible country to avoid it as they would the devil ; for a thousand to one but they break their necks or their limbs by overthrows or breakings down.
Side 23 - A more dreadful road cannot be imagined. I was obliged to hire two men at one place to support my chaise from overturning. Let me persuade all travellers to avoid this terrible country, which must either dislocate their bones with broken pavements, or bury them in muddy sand.
Side 146 - All the irregularities of the upper part of the said pavement; are to be broken off by the hammer, and all the interslices to be filled with stone chips firmly wedged or packed by hand with a light hammer, so that when the whole pavement is finished there shall be a convexity of 4 inches in the breadth of 15 feet from the center.
Side 10 - The public roads were accurately divided by milestones, and ran in a direct line from one city to another, with very little respect for the obstacles either of nature or private property. Mountains were perforated, and bold arches thrown over the broadest and most rapid streams.
Side 11 - ... form, indeed, the first germ of national industry, and without which neither commerce nor society can make any considerable progress. Conscious of this truth, the Romans seem to have paid particular attention to the construction of roads in the distant provinces ; and those of England, which may still be traced in various ramifications, present a lasting monument of the justice of their conceptions, the extent of their views, and the utility of their power.
Side 27 - The transverse section of the surface when measured is rarely to be found of a regular convexity. The surface of all the roads, until within a few years, was every where cut into deep ruts ; and even now, since more attention has been paid to road works, though the surface is smoother, the bed of materials which forms it is universally so thin, that it is weak and, consequently, exceedingly imperfect. Drainage is neglected ; high hedges and trees are allowed to intercept the action of the sun and...
Side 19 - the great trade of barley and malt ... is become so ruinous and almost impassable that the ordinary course appointed by all former laws and statutes of this realm is not sufficient for the effectual repairing of the same.
Side 147 - The whole of the materials are' to be covered with a binding of an inch and a half in depth of good gravel free from clay or earth."* The present method of constructing telford pavements differs in some particulars from that outlined above.