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is progressive civilization are, the draining of marshes and the embankment of rivers; the fortunate subdivision of public labor, so as to give to each one a proportion of labor and subsistence; the abundance and good quality of food; care and proper nourishment for infants, continued in schools, in the labors of manufactories, and in public establishments; vaccination and health regulations, which prevent the importation or development of foreign contagious diseases; the low price of the products of industry, which allows to the less wealthy classes habits of cleanliness, formerly equally unknown and impossible, but which give them the means of escaping from the inclemency of the seasons; finally, the successful measures which have been adopted to put an end to the unhealthfulness of villages, and specially to that of colleges, theatres, hospitals, prisons, meeting-houses, and other public establishments, which, in multitudes of places has been effected by means of ventilation, fuel, and cleansing.

One way of enabling us to appreciate the decisive results of the improvements whose influence on mortality during the last hundred years, we have been considering, will be to look at three countries where the progress has been most sensible. If we join in one groupe, England, Germany, and France, we shall find that the average mortality in this great and populous region, was formerly 1 in 30, whereas it is now each year but 1 in 48. This difference will reduce the number of deaths in the three countries together, from 1,900,000, to less than 1,200,000. Every year, 700,000 human lives, (or 1 in 83 of the inhabitants,) owe their preservation to the social ameliorations effected in three countries of western Europe, where efforts to obtain such results have been most successful.

Thus the effect of an advanced civilization is not simply to adorn human life; by it human life is much prolonged, and rendered less uncertain. While it diminishes greatly the number of deaths, one effect of it is to restrain and diminish the annual number of births proportionably to the population. It is, on the other hand, a characteristic of a barbarous age, that a great number of births should be equalled or even surpassed by the extent of mortality. In the first case, when men arrive in a mass to a perfect moral and physical development, the population will be vigorous, intelligent and manly. In the other case, men remain in perpetual infancy, while successive generations are rapidly hurried off, without being able to derive any experience, in passing, for the amelioration of the social economy.

RECEIPTS OF BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.

WE take the following from the London Missionary Register for December, 1835. The whole sum, £778,035 17s. 5d., in our money, reckoning 4s. 6d. to the dollar, amounts to $3,457,591 54. Some very considerable contingencies, arising from legacies and government appropriations, both in this country and in Great Britain, have contributed to this result. The legacy of Mr. Cock of Colchester, England, amounted to £33,000. The government and parliamentary grants reached nearly to the sum of £17,000. It should be observed also, that a considerable portion of the whole amount consists of payments for books sold; those sold by the Bible, Christian Knowledge, and Religious Tract Societies in Great Britain, amounted to about £140,825; and those by the American Bible, Tract, and Sunday School Societies, to £23,926. By the American Presbyte

rian Education Society, we suppose that the compiler means the Board of Education of the General Assembly. Some American Societies are not includedsuch as the American Temperance, Philadelphia Bible, Baptist Tract, Northern Baptist Education, and, what is somewhat surprising, the American Home Missionary. As soon as the next reports of the various American Societies are prepared, we may make out an amended list for the Register.

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IN 1833, circulars were issued from the Home Department to the Overseers throughout the kingdom, in order to ascertain the actual amount of children under education. Two volumes of an abstract, formed out of the replies from thirty-three counties, containing a population of 10,117,800 souls, have just appeared. This is a very little less than three-fourths of the kingdom; and, if an average be formed from this large proportion, it will appear that the total number of children who are receiving daily instruction, is about 1,277,000, and the total number receiving Sunday instruction is about 1,548,000. But the abstract does not enter sufficiently into particulars to make it appear to what extent duplicate entries have occurred in regard to the daily and the Sunday school returns. The committee, therefore, have not any sufficient data for ascertaining the exact amount of children now under a course of instruction in England and Wales. The gross total of these scholars, according to the abstract, must be somewhere between the amount of Sunday scholars and the joint amount of Sunday scholars and daily scholars, diminished by the daily scholars comprised in the Sunday school returns.

It appears, from the parliamentary abstract, that the daily schools consist of 2,985 infant schools with 89,005 scholars, and 35,986 other schools containing 1,187,942 scholars; forming a total of 1,276,947 scholars. The same document states the Sunday schools at 16,828, and the scholars at 1,548,890.—London Miss. Reg.

LIST OF THE

Presbyterian and Congregational Ministers,
WESTERN RESERVE, OHIO.

Prepared by Rev. Ansel R. Clark, Hudson, Ohio.

[CONCLUDED FROM PAGE 232.]

Cuyahoga County.

THIS County was organized in 1810. In 1820, it contained 6,328 inhabitants, and in 1830, 10,373. It lies on Lake Erie, about midway of the Reserve, from east to west. It contains 18 townships and 11 churches, no one of which has at present a settled pastor, (though Mr. Aiken is soon to be installed,) and 4 of which are now destitute. There are 8 townships in which there is no Presbyterian or Congregational church. Cleveland is the seat of justice for this county.

BRICKSVILLE. This church has had stated supplies successively from Messrs. Shaler, Breck, Pepoon, and Chapin.—Mr. Shaler preached here a part of his time, one year, while he was pastor of the church in Richfield, Medina county.-Mr. Chapin studied theology with Rev. Drs. Nott and Yates, of Union College, and was settled pastor for several years in Granby, Mass. Soon after his dismission from that place, he came to the Reserve, in 1830-labored in the townships of Newbury and Russell, where he gathered two churches-went from thence to Willoughby, (then called Chagrin,) Cuyahoga county, and there also gathered a church, which he supplied a year or two, and subsequently he commenced preaching to the church in this place, where he still con

tinues.

BROOKLYN. This church has enjoyed successively the labors of Messrs. McLean, Bradstreet, and Drake.-Messrs. Mc Lean and Bradstreet preached here one year, each a part of the time, while they were supplying the church in Cleveland.-Mr. Mc Lean was subsequently settled at Beavertown, Pa.-Mr. Drake served an apprenticeship to the printing business. He had serious thoughts of going in the capacity of a printer on a foreign mission; but ill health prevented. He had for years a strong desire to study for the ministry, but could not divest his mind of the impression that he was unfit for that holy and responsible work, until it was too late to pursue a regular collegiate course. He studied theology with Rev. S. W. Brace, of Skaneateles, and Rev. Levi Parsons, of Manlius, N. Y.-was licensed June 21, 1831, and ordained as an evangelist, August 7, 1833, and soon after, came to the Reserve and commenced preaching in this place. He had previously preached for a season, in New York State.

CLEVELAND. This place, in importance, is second to no one in Northern Ohio. It is destined to rival other cities in the West. Its improvement, both in its moral and commercial interests, is most rapid. Six years ago there were but 3 or 4 male Presbyterian professors in town. Now, the church contains nearly 200 members, many of whom are among the first in the place, both in intelligence and wealth.-Mr. Bradstreet, the successor of Messrs. McLean and Stone, left Andover Theological Seminary with the class of 1822-labored in Cleveland from August, 1823, to January, 1830, and subsequently in Vermillion, Huron county. While at Vermillion, his health failed, so that he was unable to preach, except occasionally. About this time he accepted an invitation to become editor of the Ohio Observer, in which business he continued somewhat over one year, from the summer of 1833. After leaving the paper, he commenced preaching in Perrysburg, on the Maumee river, in Wood county, where he still continues with improved health.-Mr. Hutchings left Princeton Theological Seminary with the class of 1833, and after preaching in Cleveland between one and two years, he embarked, under the patronage of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, on a mission to Ceylon-Mr. Aiken, the successor of Mr. Keep, and the present minister at Cleveland, left Andover Theological Seminary in 1817-was settled for a number of years in Utica, N. Y., from which place he was called to take the charge of the church in this place. While at Utica, he was permitted to witness a powerful revival of religion among his people.

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Village Church. This church in 1834 was set off from the church in Cleveland. Cuyahoga river separates them. Considering the location and commercial advantages of this village, and the character of the friends of religion, here residing, much is reasonably expected from the church.-Mr. Keep studied theology with Rev. Asahel Hooker, of Goshen, Conn-was settled for a number of years in Blandford, Mass., during which time he performed an agency of several months for the American Education Societywas afterwards settled in Homer, N. Y., and on being dismissed from that place, he came by invitation to Cleveland, and there commenced laboring in December, 1833. Last May he left Cleveland and commenced as "stated supply to preach to the church in this village. Mr. Keep, during his ministry thus far, has witnessed several revivals of religion.

DOVER. After Mr. Coe, Mr. Hyde labored here sometime as stated supply, and then was called to the first church in Madison, Geauga county.-Mr. McCrea studied theology with Rev. Harvey Coe, of Vernon, Trumbull county. He continued pastor of the church in Dover about 7 years and a half-then spent 3 years as "stated supply" in Westfield and Harrisville, Medina county-was installed over the church in Penfield, Loraine county, September, 1834, and dismissed, October, 1835. He now resides at Westfield, and preaches south of the Reserve.—Mr. Keys studied theology with Rev. James Richards, D. D., of Morristown, N. J., and now professor in Auburn Theological Seminary-and with Rev. John Rogers, D. D., of New York city-was licensed August 3, 1805-ordained in Perth Amboy, N. J., August 21, 1807-was installed over the church in Talmadge, Portage county, September, 1824, and remained pastor nearly 8 years-preached in Dover over 3 years, and has recently left the place. The Dover church was organized in Lee, Mass., June 5, 1811, with a view to be established in this place. The members removed in the following autumn, and at present are without a minister.

EUCLID. This church has had two settled pastors, Messrs. Barr and Peet, and four "stated supplies," Messrs. Stone, Bradstreet, Scott, and Adams.-Mr. Barr was father of the late and lamented Joseph Barr, who died of the cholera, on the eve of embarking for Africa, to preach the gospel to the benighted inhabitants of that continent. Mr. Barr studied theology with Rev. Thomas E. Hughes, of Beaver county, Pa.—was licensed September, 1809, by Harford, now Beaver, Presbytery-ordained and installed August, 1810, over the church in Euclid, and continued pastor 10 years. After his dismission, he preached a number of years in Wooster, Ohio, and subsequently acted as agent for the General Assembly's Board of Missions in Ohio, nearly two years; and finally preached as "stated supply," in Rushville, la., where, on the 28th of August, 1835, he died, in the 60th year of his age. At the time of Mr. Barr's ordination, (1810,) there were on the Reserve, besides himself, six Presbyterian ministers; Joseph Badger, William Wick, Nathan B. Derrow, Jonathan Leslie, Joshua Beer, and John Bruce, three of whom are now living.-Mr. Wick was the first installed minister on the Reserve, though Mr. Badger commenced his missionary labors a few months previous.—Mr. Peet studied theology at Princeton and Auburn Theological Seminaries-was pastor of the church in Euclid more than 7 years-and in April, 1833, was dismissed to accept an agency for the American Seaman's Friend Society, for the western waters. In this capacity he has acted since, and resides at Buffalo, N. Y. [He has lately become editor of the Buffalo Spectator.]—Mr. Adams left Andover Theological Seminary with the class of 1827. He spent some time in the Southern States, and also in New England, and arrived on the Reserve in 1834, and commenced preaching in Euclid, September, 1834, where he still continues.

NEWBURG and ROCKPORT. These churches never had regular "stated supplies," but occasional preaching from different ministers, at different times.

SOLON. Two or three years since, a colony of Christians from Boscawen and Canterbury, N. H., emigrated to this place, where Mr. Nutting had been preaching for some time. After graduating at Dartmouth College, he labored as an instructor in Randolph Academy, Vermont, years then 3 years in Catskill Academy, New York, where, at the same time, he studied theology with Rev. David Porter, D. D. After closing his services in that place, he returned to Randolph, and taught the Academy 6 years longer, except a part of one year, which he spent in teaching in Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia. In 1829 Mr. Nutting was elected professor of languages in Western Reserve College.

STRONGSVILLE. Mr. Woodruff left Andover Theological Seminary in 1812, and soon after came to the Reserve under the patronage of the Connecticut Missionary Society was installed over the church in Talmadge, Portage county, May 1814, and re

mained in this connection 9 years-was settled pastor of the church in Strongsville about 9 years longer, and dismissed in April, 1834. Before and after his dismission from this place, he labored a part of his time as "stated supply" in some of the adjoining churches. Some time in 1835, he removed to Worthington, near Columbus, where he is now preaching.—Mr. Blood left Andover Theological Seminary in 1831-preached about 3 years in Kentucky, and in the southern part of Ohio; from whence, in February, 1834, he removed, by invitation, to Cleveland, to labor in behalf of the boatmen on Lake Erie, and continued here until November following, when he commenced preaching in Strongsville.

WILLOUGHBY. In this place is established the Willoughby University, the medical department of which has already gone into operation, but not with very flattering prospects of success. The church is at present vacant.

Geauga County.

This county was organized in 1805. In 1820, it contained 7,791-in 1830, it contained 15,813 inhabitants. It lies between Ashtabula and Cuyahoga, and contains 23 townships, and 23 churches, 5 of which are now destitute. There are 3 townships in which there is no Presbyterian or Congregational church.

BAINBRIDGE. The present minister of this church is Mr. Slater, who also preaches a part of his time in Newbury.

BATAVIA. Mr. Barrett studied theology with Rev. William Frothingham, of Lynn, Mass. was licensed by the Andover Association, June 4, 1816-came to the Reserve in 1824-has statedly supplied for different periods, at different times, the churches of Batavia, Parkman, and Troy-was installed over the church in Mesopotamia, Trumbull county, in 1827, and remained pastor of that people 4 years. He now preaches to the churches in Bristol and Southington, Trumbull county.-Mr. Bridgeman closed his theological studies at Auburn, in 1830, and soon after removed to Michigan, where he remained until July 1833, when he came to the Reserve and commenced preaching in Batavia and Huntsburg. His labors are now confined to the latter place.-Mr. Leslie is the present minister of Batavia.

BURTON. Mr. Humphrey had passed the age of 24 when he commenced fitting for college-graduated at Middlebury college 1813-was licensed in the year after-ordained as an evangelist in March, 1815, in Canton, Conn.; and being commissioned by the Connecticut Missionary Society, he arrived on the Reserve in August following. He soon commenced preaching in Burton and Canton, (now called Claridon,) and in October, 1815, was installed over the church and congregation embraced in these two townships. While he remained pastor of this church, he spent a portion of his time as a missionary in different parts of the county. After his dismission, he preached two years in Conneaut, Ashtabula county, and then removed to St. Joseph's county, in the western part of Michigan, and is now preaching with his usual faithfulness to the people of that destitute region. Mr. Witter, the present pastor of Burton church, studied theology at Auburn Theological Seminary. He has spent a portion of his time, since his settlement, in some of the neighboring churches. The church in Burton, at its formation, numbered 8 members; it has now 125. There is an academy in this town.

CHARDON. This place is the seat of justice for Geauga county.-Mr. Olds was formerly a deacon in one of the eastern churches. After removing to this country he became an active member of the church in Madison-was a judicious and successful laborer in protracted meetings-was licensed more than a year since by the Presbytery of Grand River, and in June, 1835, was ordained as an evangelist by the same body.

CHESTER. This church has had 4 "stated supplies," Messrs. Badger, Burbank, Palmer, and Goodell, and one settled pastor, Mr. Scott.-Mr. Burbank left Andover Theological Seminary with the class of 1824. After preaching here and in Kirtland 2 years, he accepted a call from the first church in Madison, to become their pastor, and was installed January, 1830. In this connection he remained over 4 years, and on the same day of his dismission, his successor was installed. He now supplies the churches of Mesopotamia and Bloomfield, Trumbull county.-Mr. Goodell left Auburn Theological Seminary in 1830, and was one of the seven missionaries, who emigrated that fall to the State of Missouri, where he preached nearly two years. Since his arrival on the Reserve, he has supplied the church in this place one year-the church in Franklin, Portage county, one year-and the churches of Westfield and Harrisville, Medina county,

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