Of the holy prophets (τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν). For ἁγίων holy substitute TVενμáτшv spirits, and render, as Rev., the God of the spirits of the prophets.

Be done (yevéo Jai). Better, as Rev., come to pass.

7. Keepeth (Tnpwv). A favorite word with John, occurring in his writings more frequently than in all the rest of the New Testament together. See on reserved 1 Pet. i. 4.

Book (Biẞriov). Diminutive, properly a little book or scroll. See on writing, Matt. xix. 7; bill, Mark x. 2; book, Luke iv. 17.

8. I John saw (èyà 'Iwávvns ó Béπwv). The A. V. overlooks the article with the participle-the one seeing. Hence Rev., correctly, I John am he that heard and saw.

(ἤκουσα

Had heard and seen (ovσa κal eßλea). Aorist tense. There is no need of rendering it as a pluperfect. Rev., rightly, I heard and saw. The appeal to hearing and seeing is common to all John's writings. See John i. 14; xix. 35; xxi. 14; 1 John i. 1, 2; iv. 14.

9. See thou do it not (öpa μn). Lit., see not.

Thy brethren the prophets. The spiritual brotherhood of John with the prophets is exhibited in the Apocalypse.

10. Seal (oppaylons). Rev., seal up. This word occurs eighteen times in the Apocalypse and twice in the Gospel, and only five times elsewhere in the New Testament. It means to confirm or attest (John iii. 33); to close up for security (Matt. xxvii. 66; Apoc. xx. 3); to hide or keep secret (Apoc. x. 4; xxii. 10); to mark a person or thing (Apoc. vii. 3; Eph. i. 13; iv. 30).

Time (kaupòs). See on Matt. xii. 1.

11. Unjust (ȧdixŵv). Rev., better, unrighteous.

Let him be unjust (adiknσáτw). The verb means to do wickedly. Hence Rev., correctly, let him do unrighteousness.

He which is filthy (ó рvπŵv). Only here in the New Testament. On the kindred noun þúπos filth, see on 1 Pet. iii. 21. 'Purapla filthiness occurs only in Jas. i. 21; and the adjective purapós filthy, only in Jas. ii, 2.

Let him be filthy (ῥυπωσάτω). The best texts read ῥυπαν Inτw let him be made filthy. So Rev.

Let him be righteous (δικαιωθήτω). Read δικαιοσύνην Tоinoáτw let him do righteousness. So Rev.

Let him be holy (ȧyiaoIýtw). Rev., giving literally the force of the passive voice, let him be made holy.

12. My reward is with me (o prodós pov per' èμoû). MioΜισ Jós reward is strictly wages. Compare Isa. xl. 10; lxii. 11. See on 2 Pet. ii. 13.

To give (aπodovvai). Lit., to give back or in return for, thus appropriate to podós reward. Hence Rev., better, render. See on give an account, Luke xvi. 2; and gave, Acts iv. 33.

Shall be (ἔσται). Read ἐστιν 18.

14. That do His commandments (οἱ ποιοῦντες τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ). Read οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν they that wash their robes. Compare ch. vii. 14.

That they may have right to the tree of life (iva čoraι ý ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς). Lit., in order that theirs shall be authority over the tree of life. For covoia right, authority, see on John i. 12. 'Er may be the preposition of Επί direction: "may have right to come to" (so Rev.) or may be rendered over.

15. Dogs (oi Kúves). Compare Philip. iii. 2.

The A. V. omits the article "the dogs.'
This was the term of reproach with

which the Judaizers stigmatized the Gentiles as impure. In the Mosaic law the word is used to denounce the moral profligacies of heathen worship (Deut. xxiii. 18). Compare Matt. xv. 26. Here the word is used of those whose moral impurity excludes them from the New Jerusalem. "As a term of reproach, the word on the lips of a Jew, signified chiefly impurity; of a Greek, impudence. The herds of dogs which prowl about Eastern cities, without a home and without an owner, feeding on the refuse and filth of the streets, quarrelling among themselves, and attacking the passer-by, explain both applications of the image" (Lightfoot, on Philip. iii. 2).

Sorcerers. See on ch. ix. 21, and compare ch. xxi. 8.

Whoremongers (Tóρvo). Rev., better, fornicators.

Maketh (TOL). Or doeth. Compare doeth the truth, John iii. 21; 1 John i. 6. See on John iii. 21.

16. The root.

Matt. ii. 23.

Compare Isa. xi. 1, 10. See on Nazarene,

The morning-star. See on ch. ii. 28.

17. The Spirit. In the Church.

The Bride. The Church.

Heareth. The voice of the Spirit and the Bride.

19. The Book of Life. Read Toû §úλov the tree. So Rev.

20. Even so (val). Omit.

21. Our Lord (μv). Omit.

With you all (μeтà távτwv iμŵv). The readings differ. Some read μerà Távтwν with all, omitting you. Others, μeтà τῶν ἁγίων with the saints.

μετὰ

LIST OF GREEK WORDS AND PHRASES USED BY JOHN ONLY.

Words peculiar to the Gospel, the Epistles, or the Apocalypse are marked G., 1 Ep., 2 Ep., 3 Ep., Apoc. Also words common to the Gospel with either of the other writings.

Apoc. 1 Ep.

G.

Apoc.

Apoc.

G.

G.

Apoc.

G.

ἁμαρτίαν ἔχειν, to have sin,