LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME II. PAGE FIG. 106. Turn-key 107. Clams 100. Damage caused by Deer and Rodents 101. Wire-straightening machine 102. A 7-foot Straining-post at end of a six-wired fence 103. Foot-pick. 104. Horizontal Spade 105. Cap to prevent splintering 108. Wire-joint or Knot 109. Wire-knotting tool 110-112. Straining-machines. 113. Screwed Eye-bolt 114. Winder-bracket 118. Splicing Barb-wire 27 27 115-117. Strainers for Barb-wire 119. Corrimony Fencing 120. Method of fixing Dropper with Wedge-pin 121. Formation of a Turf-dyke 123. Paling-hammer with claws 124. Post-mallet 125. Borer 126. Upright or Spar-fence 127. Wooden Gate 128. Method of hanging Plantation-gates 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 34 34 35 36 36 132. Nesting-box for Starlings, Wagtails, Woodpeckers, and other birds of small size 64 133. Interior view of a Nesting-box for Tits, and similar small birds 134. Nesting-box for Flycatchers 64 135. Nesting-case for Starlings, made of straw coated with tar 137. A sample-plot ringed with bands of patent tar to ascertain if the Nun - moth (Liparis monacha) is present in the woods (near Dresden, Saxony, 1900) 66 143. The Elm-bark Beetle (Scolytus destructor) 145. Portion of young Ash-trunk with borings of Hylesinus fraxini 146. Borings of H. crenatus on Ash-stem 149. Inner side of bark, showing mother- and larval-galleries of Pine-beetle 150. Shoot of Scots Pine, showing the entrance-hole, and a slice removed to show the boring of a Pine-beetle. 151. The large brown Pine-Weevil (Hylobius abietis) 152. Young Spruce plants gnawed by the large brown Pine - Weevil (Hylobius abietis) 153. The small brown or banded Weevil (Pissodes notatus). 138. View in the Ebersberger Forest in 1891, after the clearance of the Spruce-trees that had been killed outright. 139. Showing how young Caterpillars, after spinning down to the ground, 140. Caterpillars, after having spun themselves down from the crown, are 144. Elm-bark showing borings of Scolytus destructor 154. Young Pine-stem barked to show the pupal-beds with exit-holes of Pissodes notatus 93 155. The Common Cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris). 97 156. Young Beech-seedling, the roots of which have been destroyed by Melolontha vulgaris 97 160. Part of Pine-branch, showing damage done by caterpillars of the Pine Geometer-Moth (Fidonia piniaria) 112 161. The Oak Leaf-roller Moth (Tortrix viridana) 114 162. The Larch Mining-Moth (Coleophora laricella). 117 163. Showing the Larch Mining-Moth at work, and the kind of damage it does 164. The Goat-Moth (Cossus ligniperda) 165. The Pine-Sawfly (Lophyrus pini). Pine-Sawfly Caterpillars at work. 169. Cone-like gall produced by Chermes abietis on a Spruce-twig 172. Canker at fork of a young Oak, caused by Nectria ditissima. Canker on a young Beech stem, due to Nectria ditissima . 155 173. Showing nature of damage done to a young Spruce stem by Nectria 174. Canker of the Larch, caused by Peziza Willkommii 164 175. Damage caused by the Pine shoot-twisting fungus (Melampsora pinitorqua) in its cæoma-form (Caoma pinitorquum) 173 179. Spray from a Spruce-tree attacked by Rust (Chrysomyxa abietis) 180. Stages of the Spruce Needle-rust 176. Showing the nature of the damage occasioned to the crowns of young Pines by Cooma pinitorquum 177. Willow-Rust, caused by Melampsora on the Caspic Osier (Salix pruinosa) 178. A 5-year-old Pine-shoot, showing the bladder-like sporophores of Peridermium pini corticola breaking through the bark 181. Section showing the rot caused in a Pine-stem by Trametes pini root 183. Parts of a Scots Pine root killed by Agaricus melleus 173 174 177 179 179 181 182 185 186 185. Spray of Scots Pine injured by Sulphurous Acid 186. Young Oak-leaf injured by Sulphurous Acid 187. Old Oak-leaf injured by Nitric Acid 188. Graphic representation of the normal growing-stock 217 217 217 225 227 251 198-200. Severances or Protective Falls 192. Dragging-distance from interior of a square compartment 193. Numbered Boundary-stones 194. Heads of stones showing direction of boundary lines 195-197. Reuss's Stencil-arrangement 201. König's Measuring-board 253 254 254 262-264 266, 267 294 207. Diagram showing relation between current and average annual in crement 321 208. Method of estimating the past increment from the mean diameter of the stem 325 209. Pressler's Borer or Increment-Gauge 325 210. The marking of Felling-places on woodland-maps 372 211. Conversion of Oak for telegraph requirements 453 212. Method of converting on the Quarter 454 213, 214. Damaged banks faced with Rubble and Wood 219. Method of using Universal Wedge 220. Black Forest method of throwing Conifers in felling with the Axe 233. Method of stripping Bark from large poles and trees 234. Forked Stake for drying-stage 235. Drying-stage formed of branchwood, for seasoning Oak-bark 236. German Bark-stripping Tools 237. Upper Rhine method of notching and bending down poles for Bark 491 492 492 496 497 497, 498 240. Barking-iron 498 241. Method of seasoning Spruce-bark 500 242. Seed-kiln for extracting Scots Pine seeds from the cones 503 255. Timber Sledging-track for summer use, in Bavarian Alps 252, 253. Timber-Trollies for transporting timber 254. Sledging Firewood in the Vosges Mountains 256. A Turning-point on a Road-slide or Earthwork Timber-slide 257. Wooden Timber-slide 258. A Brake or Check on a Wooden Timber-slide 259. A Californian Flume or Water-shoot 260. Brake on end-section of a Raft, dragging on bed of floating-stream 261. Drying-room showing loaded trolly in place ready for drying. 262. Transverse Section of Creosoted Scots Pine Wood - paving Block (Bethellised) 263. Longitudinal Radial Section of same Block 264. Photograph of the Open-Boiler Creosoting-Plant 265. Plan of cheap and simple Creosoting-Plant for Estate purposes 266. Creosoting-Plant in use on the Duke of Portland's Estate at Welbeck 267. Creosoting-Plant for Large Estates. 268. Plan of Naphthaling-Tank on Drumlanrig Estate 269. Vertical Frame-saw with gang of Multiple Saws 270. Circular Saw with Steel Travelling-Table 271. Horizontal Frame-saw 516 520 521 523 524 525 525 529 548 555 555 556 557 558 559 284. Maritime or Cluster Pine being tapped for Resin (Hugues' system) 285. Tapping of Austrian Pine 576 584 595 606 |