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B. Epiphytic plants
1. Ivy-2. Lichens-3. Beard-mosses-4. Smallfclimbing plants.
139
PROTECTION AGAINST INJURIES FROM INORGANIC CAUSES, OR INJURIOUS
INFLUENCES IN SOIL OR ATMOSPHERE.
PART V.-THE MANAGEMENT AND VALUATION
OF WOODLANDS..
CHAPTER I.
THE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF WOODLAND MANAGEMENT.
1. Matters to be considered in framing any scheme of management
221
2. Essential requisites for the "normal condition" of the growing-stock
or capital in wood
223
3. Choice of the sylvicultural treatment
230
5. Fixing the rotation with which the timber-crops should be worked
4. Selection of kind of trees to be grown as timber-crops
6. Sylvicultural and actuarial considerations affecting the management of
woodlands
233
237
241
7. Subdivision of the woodlands into working-circles and compartments
8. Allocation of the annual falls
9. Different methods of fixing the annual fall by means of-
(1) The woodland area alone—(2) The yield or cubic contents of the
crops (3) The combination of area and yield—(4) The pro-
portion found to exist between the actual and the normal
increment and growing-stock in the woods
CHAPTER II.
THE MEASUREMENT OF TIMBER-CROPS.
267
1. Measurement of the cubic contents of-
(1) Felled trees or timber in the log-(2) Standing trees-(3) Whole
crops of wood
2. Estimate of the age of-
(1) Felled trees (2) Standing trees-(3) Whole crops of wood
3. Measurement of the increment or rate of growth-
(1) Factors determining the increment (2) Measurement of past
increment on felled trees and logs (3) Measurement of past
increment and estimate of future increment on standing trees
-(4) Estimate of past, present, and future increment on
whole crops of wood
.
289
311
313
CHAPTER III.
THE FORMATION OF WORKING-PLANS, OR THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES,
With special reference to fixing the fall for highwoods by means of periods
combining area and yield.
1. General remarks concerning working-plans or schemes of management
2. Data and statistics requisite for the preparation of a working-plan
3. The preparation of the scheme of management or working-plan .
337
338
352
1. Formulæ for calculating present and future value of capital and
rental
2. Points to be considered in making calculations concerning forestry
3. The valuation of forest land
5. The valuation of the normal capital in wood throughout a working-
circle
6. Estimating the income derivable from woodlands
7. The application of actuarial methods to forestry
APPENDICES.
385
390
392
395
396
398
399
I. Table of girths and superficies (basal area), corresponding with
diameters from 1 to 48 inches
402
II. Cubic contents of round logs, calculated by customary British
measurement .
403
III. Average yield tables for Scots Pine, Spruce, Beech, and Oak in
THE TECHNICAL PROPERTIES, PRACTICAL USES, AND MARKET-VALUE
Anatomical structure of wood
OF TIMBER.
Chemical composition of wood
Technical properties of timber-
I. Ornamental qualities or outward appearances
II. Physical properties or material condition
III. Mechanical properties or relation towards external influences
The market value of British timber
538
540
543
552
5. Superficial application of preservatives
6. Impregnation with antiseptics
The different methods of impregnation
Comparative cost and results of the different methods of impregnation
CHAPTER V.
WOODLAND INDUSTRIES: ESTATE SAW-MILLS, PREPARATION OF WOOD-PULP AND
CELLULOSE, CHARCOAL-MAKING, RESIN-TAPPING, ETC.
I. Estate saw-mills
1. Saw-mills driven by water-wheels
2. Steam-power saw-mills
564
574
(1) The French method of tapping the Maritime or Cluster
NOTE ON GRAZING IN WOODLANDS, AND ON LEAF-FODDER
616
INDEX
619