the 4th on the list, and took out Goldsmith's Animated Nature.

SEA-ANEMONE.

This account of the Sea-anemone is found among Dr. Cut

ler's papers:

The Sea-anemones are a most singular species of animals, approaching nearly, if not nearest, to the connecting link between the animate and inanimate creation. We have had no account of the discovery of the Sea-anemone on the American shores until the year 1791. In the month of June Dr. Cutler, with the Rev. Mr. Prince, of Salem, in company with several other gentlemen, visited the cavern in the rocks on the southern side of Nahant, in Lynn, called the Swallow-house, for the purpose of searching for them. At the bottom of the cavern, after the tide had receded, they found great numbers, of different sizes, and a great variety of colors.

The general form of this singular animal, when moderately contracted, is nearly like that of a truncated cone, with its base adhering to the rocks, but it has the power of assuming a variety of shapes. The position in which some of them appeared resembled a full-blown anemone; others approached nearer to the flower of a large rose or poppy, and some were extended in an oblique direction, with the leaves so much contracted as to exhibit only their margin in the form of a fringe.

When the arms or leaves of the larger ones were fully displayed they measured five and six inches in circumference, exhibiting a great variety and brilliancy of colors. Some were of the purest white, some of the most delicate flesh color, others tinged with purple, green, and violet, and still others shaded and variegated with the finest brown or black. On touching the arms, or leaves, they instantly contract. By expanding and contracting the leaves, they collect and convey food to their mouths, which are placed in the center of the blossom. On offering them bits of muscles, they directly seized them with their arms, conducted them to their mouths, and swallowed them. If pieces of shells adhering to the muscle, or if small muscles were given them, the shells were afterward discharged by the mouth.

The Sea-anemone is said to be viviparous. It has also the power of reproduction. If the arms are clipped off, they will bud and grow to the usual size. And the Abbe Dicquemare has shown by a course of experiments that, like Polype, it may be multiplied by shreds clipped from the animal. These Anemones have a progressive motion; moving, but extremely slow. Mr. Joseph Barrel, of Charlestown, who with several other gentlemen was there at the same time, carried home a pebble on which an anemone had attached itself, and preserved it several months in sea water. It disengaged itself from the stone and moved about the vessel in which he had placed it. It has been classed among the Zoophytes.

CHAPTER XI.

DIRECTORS' PETITION TO CONGRESS-REPORT of Committee-ACT CONVEYING LANDS TO OHIO COMPANY-LETTERS TO MRS. CUTLER-DIARY, 1793.

Of the years from 1791 to 1800, some of the interleaved Almanacs are not found. Those which remain, with letters written during this period, and other documents, show something of the busy life which Dr. Cutler led. Of the year 1792 he states, in a letter to Dr. Muhlenburg, that: "The concerns of the Ohio Company have unavoidably occupied all my time for a year past, except an attention to such parochial duties as could not be dispensed with." Four months in the earlier part of the year he was in Philadelphia, with two other Directors, General Rufus Putnam and Colonel Robert Oliver, endeavoring to procure from Congress an adjustment of the affairs of the Company. They sought to obtain a reduction in the price of the lands contracted for, to correspond with that at which Congress proposed to place other western lands in the market; and they particularly desired to secure deeds of that part of the purchase for which they had already paid. The Indian war, and the advance in the value of securities, to which was now added the failure of the treasurer, at New York, for a large amount of Company funds, were elements that greatly complicated the difficulties under which they labored. The Almanac for 1792 is missing, but the following documents and letters relating to the business will show the action of the Directors and of Congress in the premises. While in Philadelphia at this time, Dr. Cutler was brought into pleasant social contact with President Washington, Vice

* Colonel Robert Oliver served with credit during the Revolution, attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth Massachusetts and Brevet Colonel. He came to Marietta, Ohio, 1788. After the death of General Parsons, 1789, he was chosen a director in the Ohio Company. He was Judge of the Common Pleas, and in 1800 President of the Territorial Council. He died at Marietta, 1810.

President Adams, General Knox, then Secretary of War, and their families, with many other distinguished people.

TO THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The memorial and petition of the subscribers, Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates, so called, most respectfully sheweth:

That, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eightythree, a certain number of the officers of the late army, consulting the interest of the United States, as well as their own, preferred a petition to Congress, praying that their Bounty Lands, and also the Bounty Lands of other officers and soldiers who chose to take their lands in the same quarter, might be located between the Ohio River and Lake Erie; and that they might be permitted to purchase additional quantities with the certificates they had received for their services. That the advantages which would result to government from a settlement made in that part of the country, were particularly stated to Congress in a letter from the then Commander-inChief, as well as in other papers accompanying the said petition. That, although the Land Ordinance, passed in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, did not comport with the expectations of these petitioners, as in their opinion the price was too high, and the mode of sale such as rendered it impracticable to form a compact and defensible settlement, which discouraged many from further prosecuting this object; yet, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six, the Principal Leaders in the first petition promoted an Association, under the name of the Ohio Company, which contemplated the raising of one million of dollars, for the express design of purchasing lands, and promoting a settlement in the Territory north-west of the Ohio River. That, having formed this Association, the late Samuel Holden Parsons, Esquire, made application to Congress for the sale of lands to the Company; and Congress, by their resolves of the 23d and 27th of July, in the same year, empowered the Board of Treasury to dispose of certain lands therein described, the price to be not less than one dollar per acre, liable to a reduc

tion by an allowance for bad lands; and all incidental charges and allowances whatsoever not to exceed one-third of a dollar per acre. In consequence of which indentures were executed, on the 27th day of October following, "between Samuel Osgood, Walter Livingston, and Arthur Lee, Esquires, of the Board of Treasury of the United States, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, as agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates, so called, on the other part, whereby the said parties of the first part, for and in the consideration of the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, paid into the Treasury of the United States by the said parties of the second part, the receipt whereof the said Board of Treasury" did "acknowledge before the enscaling and delivery of the said Indentures," did covenant to sell, and that the United States should convey to the said company of associates, one million and a half acres of land; and the parties of the second part further stipulated that five hundred thousand dollars more should be paid after the outlines of the tract had been surveyed. The said contract further provided, "That the said Ohio Company of Associates should, if they thought proper, immediately cultivate a part of said land proportionable to the payments they have made, and should have full security for the undisturbed enjoyment of the same."

When the agents of the Company first applied for the purchase, they were fully sensible that the price was much too high, especially when taken in connection with the expenses and dangers which would unavoidably attend the first settlement, and much time and pains were employed to obtain the land at a lower rate; but this was refused, with the strongest assurance that Congress had fixed a standing price, from which they would not depart. That as early as May 20, 1785, Congress passed an Ordinance, in which it is expressly provided: "That none of the lands within the Territory be sold under the price of one dollar per acre, to be paid in specie, loan office certificates reduced to specie value, or liquidated debts." That a resolve was passed on the 21st of April, 1787, confirming the former ordinance, in which it was declared: "That none of the lands shall be sold at less price than one dollar per acre, and that the sales shall be made agreeably to