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greater than the angle A CB; wherefore much more is the angle ABC greater than ACB. Therefore the greater side, &c. Q. E. D.

PROP. XIX. THEOR.

The greater angle of every triangle is subtended by the greater side, or has the greater side opposite

to it.

Let A B C be a triangle, of which the angle ABC is greater than the angle B CA; the side A C is likewise greater than the side A B.

B

A

C

For, if it be not greater, A C must either be equal to A B, or less than it; it is not equal, because then the angle ABC would be equal (1. 5.) to the angle ACB; but it is not; therefore a C is not equal to A B; neither is it less because then the angle ABC would be less (1. 18.) than the angle ACB; but it is not; therefore the side a c is not less than A B; and it has been shown that it is not equal to A B; therefore A C is greater than A B. Wherefore the angle, &c. Q. E. D.

PROP. XX. THEOR.

;

Any two sides of a triangle are together greater than the third side.

Let ABC be a triangle; any two sides of it together are greater than the third side, viz. the sides BA, AC greater than the side BC; and AB, BC greater than A C; and B C, CA greater than A B. Produce BA to the point D, and make (1. 3.) AD equal to AC; and join D C.

Because DA is equal to A C, the angle ADC is likewise equal (1.5.) to ACD; but the angle B

A

D

C

BCD is greater than the angle A CD; therefore the angle BCD is greater than the angle ADC; and because the angle B C D of the triangle DCB is greater than its angle BD C, and that the greater (1. 19.) side is opposite to the greater angle; therefore the side DB is greater than the side BC; but D B is equal to BA and AC; therefore the sides BA, A C are greater than B C. In the same manner it may be demonstrated, that the sides A B, B C are greater than CA, and B C, CA greater than a B. Therefore any two sides, &c. Q. E. D.

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If, from the ends of the side of a triangle, there be drawn two straight lines to a point within the triangle, these shall be less than the other two sides of the triangle, but shall contain a greater angle.

Let the two straight lines B D, C D be drawn from B, C, the ends of the side B C, of the triangle ABC, to the point D within it; BD and DC are less than the other two sides B A, A C of the triangle, but contain an angle B D C greater than the angle BA C.

Produce BD to E; and because two sides of a triangle are greater than the third side, the two sides BA, A E of the triangle A B E are greater than BE, to each of these add E C; therefore the A sides BA, AC are greater than BE, EC: Again, because the two sides CE, ED of the triangle CED are greater than CD, add D B to each of these; therefore the sides CE, EB B are greater than CD, DB; but it

D

E

has been shown that B A, A C are greater than B E, EC; much more then are B A, A C greater than B D,

D C.

Again, because the exterior angle of a triangle

is greater than the interior and opposite angle (1. 16.), the exterior angle B DC of the triangle CDE is greater than CED; for the same reason, the exterior angle CEB of the triangle A BE is greater than BAC; and it has been demonstrated that the angle BDC is greater than the angle CE B; much more then is the angle BDC greater than the angle ВАС. Therefore, if from the ends of, &c. Q. E. D.

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To make a triangle of which the sides shall be equal to three given straight lines, but any two whatever of these must be greater than the third. (1. 20.)

Let A, B, C be the three given straight lines, of which any two whatever are greater than the third, viz. A and B greater than C; A and C greater than B; and B and c than A. It is required to make a triangle of which the sides shall be equal to A, B, C, each to each.

Take a straight line DE terminated at the point D, but unlimited

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the distance GH, describe (Post. 3.) another circle HLK: and join KF, KG; the triangle K F G has its sides equal to the three straight lines, A, B, C.

Because the point F is the centre of the circle DKL; FD is equal (Def. 15.) to FK; but if F D is equal to the straight line A; therefore F K is equal

to A: Again, because G is the centre of the circle LKH, GH is equal (Def. 15.) to GK; but GH is equal to c; therefore also GK is equal to C; and FG is equal to B; therefore the three straight lines KF, FG, GK, are equal to the three A, B, C: And therefore the triangle KFG has its three sides KF, FG, GK, equal to the three given straight lines, A, B, C. Which was to be done.

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At a given point in a given straight line, to make a rectilineal angle equal to a given rectilineal angle.

Let A B be the given straight line, and a the given point in it, and DCE the given rectilineal angle; it is required to make an angle at the given point A in the given straight line AB, that shall be equal to the given rectilineal angle DCE. Take in C, CE any points D, E, and join DE; and make (1. 22.) the triangle AFG the sides of

AA

D

E

B

G

which shall be equal to the three straight lines CD, DE, CE, so that CD be equal to AF, CE to AG, and DE to FG; and because DC, CE are equal to FA, A G, each to each, and the base DE to the base FG; the angle DCE is equal (1.8.) to the angle FAG. Therefore, at the given point a in the given straight line AB, the angle FAG is made equal to the given rectilineal angle DCE. Which was to be done.

D

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PROP. XXIV. THEOR.

If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of the other, each to each, but the angle contained by the two sides of one of them greater than the angle contained by the two sides equal to them, of the other; the base of that which has the greater angle shall be greater than the base of the other.

Let A B C, DEF be two triangles which have the two sides A B, A C equal to the two DE, DF, each to each, viz. A B equal to D E, and AC to DF; but the angle BAC greater than the angle EDF; the base BC is also greater than the base E F.

Of the two sides DE, DF, let DE be the side which is not greater than the other, and at the point D, in the straight line DE, make (1. 23.) the angle EDG equal to the angle BAC; and make DG equal (1. 3.) to A C or DF, and join E G, G F.

A

D

Because AB is equal to DE, and AC to DG, the two sides BA, A C are equal to the two E D, D G, each to each, and the angle BAC is equal to the angle EDG; therefore the base BC is equal (1.4.) to the base EG; and be

cause DG is equal to B

DF, the angle DFG

CE

G

F

is equal (1. 5.) to the angle DGF; but the angle DGF is greater than the angle EGF, therefore the angle DFG is greater than EGF; and much more is the angle EFG greater than the angle EGF; and because the angle EFG of the triangle EFG is greater than its angle EGF, and that the greater (1. 19.) side is opposite to the greater angle; the side EG is therefore greater

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