voked by the action of a sensory centre uncontrolled by remembered experience or correcting sensations of other organs.

From The Gentleman's Magazine. LITERARY CURIOSITIES.

Something of the same relation may be traced in dreams. Feelings and ideas which are dominant by day may be entirely absent in sleep-nay, be even "conspicuous by their absence." "Sleep, death's twin brother, knows not death;" and, although the statement of the Laureate has less accuracy than some of his aphorisms, it is sufficiently exact to illustrate the independence of the reproduced THE intended celebration this year of ideas on those from which they have the five-hundredth anniversary of the arisen. Unfelt, in short respite, the bur-death of Boccaccio, who would have been den of sorrow may vanish, while some a lawyer had it not been so he says chance perhaps unremembered associa- for a sight of Virgil's tomb, suggests a tion of the day before originates a train remarkable addition to the museum of of ideas in happy contrast to the reality literary curiosities. Poetry could ill afwhich returning consciousness reveals. ford to spare The influence of the physical organs on the mind in sleep is familiar to all Clerk foredoomed his father's soul to cross, students of mental physiology. Who pens a stanza when he should engross. Sensations unnoticed during the day may be Petrarch was a law-student- and an idle sufficient to set up a train of ideas of one at Bologna. Goldini, till he turned definite character and vivid distinctness, strolling player, was an advocate at Venand such sensations are especially effect-ice. Metastasio was for many years a ive when sudden and contrasted with diligent law-student. Tasso and Ariosto those previously influencing the senso- both studied law at Padua. Politian was rium. As Dr. Maudsley has pointed out, a doctor of law. Schiller was a law-stuthe character of the delusion may be so dent for two years before taking to medidetermined by the organ diseased as to cine. Goethe was sent to Leipzig, and be sometimes the earliest indication of a Heine to Bonn, to study jurisprudence. subsequent malady, which may thus seem Uhland was a practising advocate, and to be foretold during the dream, which held a post in the ministry of justice at had apparently no physical origin. Stuttgart. Rückert was a law-student at Such an effect of an organic derange-Jena. Mickiewicz, the greatest of Polish ment of the brain is no doubt the expla-poets, belonged to a family of lawyers, nation of this peculiar delusion of motion Kacinczy, the Hungarian poet, and crethrough the air, which has lately fur-ator of his country's literature, studied nished a daily contemporary with a sub-law at Kaschau. Corneille was an advoject for abundant correspondence. There cate, and the son of an advocate. Volis probably no one to whom the feeling of taire was for a time in the office of a prosuch passive locomotion is not common cureur. Chaucer was a student of the enough. No delusions are more vivid Inner Temple. Gower is thought to have than those which, in the waking state, studied law; it has been alleged that he accompany the phenomena of vertigo was chief justice of the Common Pleas. and its allied sensations. A subjective Nicholas Rowe studied for the bar. sense of movement, too sudden, too in- Cowper was articled to an attorney, called tense to allow at once the consciousness to the bar, and appointed a commisto realize the contrary evidence of other sioner of bankrupts. Butler was clerk senses, produces a conviction, sometimes to a justice of the peace. The profesinvincible, of change of place in the indi-sion of Scott need not be stated. Moore vidual or surrounding objects. It is, was a student of the Middle Temple. then, a matter of small surprise that when Gray, until he graduated, intended himthe other senses are in entire abeyance, self for the bar. Campbell was in the ofas they are, for the most part, during fice of a lawyer at Edinburgh. Longsleep, a "swimming in the head" pro- fellow, a lawyer's son, spent some years duces the distinct impression of "levita-in the office of his father. The pecul tion; " but beyond this the phenomenon iarity of this list which might be exhas no significance, and is only interest-tended with little trouble lies in the ing as a train of ideas which can have no eminence of these six-and-twenty names counterpart in any preceding physical it contains. If they were omitted from experience, and as an instance of the literary history, Italian and German ponovel associations which may be pro-letry would be nowhere, France would be

robbed of one of its greatest and most clerk, or to suggest that Dante might national poets, English poetry would lose have been influenced by a residence at its father, and in all respects be very ap- the great legal university of Bologna. preciably poorer. If less classic names | But there is another list strikingly to the in poetical history are taken, such as Tal-purpose the long roll of great lawyers fourd, Macaulay, Bryant, and Barry Corn- who, like Cicero, Sir Thomas More, Lord wall, the list might be infinitely extended; Somers, Blackstone, and Sir William and if filial relationship to the legal pro- Jones, have found flirtation with the fession be considered, as in the case of muses no impediment to their marriage Wordsworth, the close connection be- with the law. It may be that this close tween poetry and law will look such a connection of two seemingly irreconcilamatter of course that the few eminent ble pursuits is due to some rule of conexceptions will only tend to prove the trast; or is it that fiction, romance, and rule. Milton was the son of a scrivener. verbiage afford to poetry and law a comThere is no need to indorse the fancy mon standing-ground? that Shakespeare may have been a law-l

A MALADY which threatens great loss to owners of lemon-plantations has attacked the lemon-plant, the origin of which is believed to be the forced cultivation of the fruit, which has taken place during the last few years. The lemon-plant is very hardy, and infinitely easier to cultivate than the orange, and this fact has probably induced a certain amount of carelessness in its treatment, from which growers are now suffering. The tree was originally a native of the dry and hot soil of Persia, whence it has been transferred to various other countries, where, under different circumstances of soil and climate, it has been made largely to increase its yield of fruit, The disease which has now made its appear. ance is called la sécheresse, or dry rot, and seizes the extremities of the plant, sometimes the roots, sometimes the branches, whence it gradually spreads through the whole tree, drying up its sap in its course. Hitherto attempts have been made to check the ravages of the new disease, but without success. It is said that similar appearances have been noticed in

VICE-CONSUL ALLEN, in his report of the trade of Tamsuy and Kelung, describes the distillation of the camphor of commerce from Cinnamomum camphora, Fr., Nees et Eb., as a most hazardous trade, the distillers having to be constantly on the alert for fear of attack by the aborigines, who are naturally opposed to the continual encroachments into their territory for the purpose of cutting down the trees for extracting the camphor. No young trees are planted to replace those cut down, nor do the officials take any cognisance of the diminution which is being surely effected in the supply of a valuable commercial article. The stills are described as being of a very simple construction, and are built up in a shed in such a manner that they can be moved as the Chinese advance into the interior. A long wooden trough, coated with clay and half filled with water, is placed over eight or ten furnaces; on the trough boards pierced with holes are fitted, and on these boards are placed jars containing the camphor-wood chips, the whole being surmounted by inverted earthenware pots, and the joints made air-orange-plantations. It is suggested that by tight by filling them up with hemp. When the furnaces are lit the steam passes through the pierced boards, and saturating the chips, causes the sublimated camphor to settle in crystals on the inside of the pots, from which it is scraped off and afterwards refined. During the summer months the camphor often loses as much as twenty per cent. on its way from the producing districts to the port of shipment.

Nature.

grafting cuttings of the healthy lemon-plant on the wild orange-tree, a new stock of plants may be obtained, and the fruit cultivated on trees which have not been subjected to forced growth. If this plan succeeds, it is to be hoped that the cultivation of the new race may be carried on with greater care in the future.

Nature.

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light of the higher region falls on it we see only wisdom and love.

From The British Quarterly Review. LIVINGSTONE'S "LAST JOURNALS."* THERE is a strange irony in the order But we can feel no wonder that the of this world of ours, the key to which keen eye of modern science, which must be sought in the order of a higher searches into the reality of the things world. The irony seems sardonic enough, which appear, with little thought that the when we limit our contemplation to the key to their order must be sought in the narrow range of the things which are things which do not appear, is prone to seen, and temporal; but when we let the take a terribly sad view of life and of the light of the things which are not seen, and world. To the elder Mill life seemed to eternal, fall upon it, a softening touch be a poor thing at the best, and hardly steals over its aspect, and we can even worth the living. To the younger Mill believe it to be benign. Poets and moral nature is mostly a scene of wasteful ists have noted in all ages, sadly enough contention and confusion, over which no when the Divine thought which rules the order reigns which is even apparently ordinance was hidden from them, that benign, and which, if it have any meanfew things on this earth shape themselves ing, shows limited power and crippled to a rounded completeness. Nature is activity in the Maker and Ruler of the "that which is becoming," and has always system, on whose supremacy, therefore, an onlook to the future. To the deep it would be impossible to ground any insight of Paul nature disclosed a uni-intelligent trust and hope. He utters in versal groaning and travail. To Goethe, his last " Essays" a passionate complaint with hardly less keen intuition, the same against the order of things, or the want aspect of the world, both of nature and of order of things, in the natural and of man, was unveiled. Always there is a human worlds. What lofty aims and sad unfinished side to every great human hopes of men the spirit that rules "this achievement; and an undertone of wail- clumsily constructed and capriciously ing breathes through all man's shouts of governed planet and its inhabitants" victory and songs of praise. Progress, of seems to blight with derision; what which we proudly boast in these Western goodly enterprises it delights to thwart; regions, while the East smiles on us with what holy and dear relations it jangles lofty compassion, seems to grow by pain- and dissevers; what noble, fruitful lives ful spasmodic starts rather than by kindly it constantly strikes down before their continuous currents. Great enterprises work for the world is done! Mr. Mill are mostly frustrated of the full fruition writes with demiurgic loftiness. Always which their authors prophesy; great there is before his mind's eye a fairer leaders fall, while the band that follows scheme of the Creation than had occurred them is still in the wilderness; great statesmen drop, while the fate of the nations which they have saved is still trembling in the balance; great teachers die, and leave their disciples apparently lost in the night. A mocking smile seems In truth, nothing arranges itself here to play around the lips of the genius who according to the plans of the philosoguides the destinies of the human; at phers. No clear prescient wisdom seems least it seems mocking to the student of to them to be at work apportioning means life whose eye is blind to the true range to issues, and expenditure to results. and scope of man's being-the universe The cost of progress always appears to and eternity. It is in the half-lights of them extravagant. The best workmen are earth that we seem to see a cold irony on called off, while the bunglers are mostly the face of nature; when the clear sun-left to build up the structure of the future. To what height of power, of internal

• The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Cen

to the Creator; but still we find no mystery in his complaint of life and of nature, if he expects life and nature to solve the problem, and takes no account of heaven and of eternity.

tral Africa, from 1865 to his Death. By HORACE prosperity, and external honour, might not Italy have passed, had Cavour been

WALLER, F.R.G.S. Two vols. John Murray.