(the General Government), with but little friction, and without any serious collision.

2. In the preceding pages we have treated only of the United States Government, without any intention of explaining the State Governments. We shall not now depart from that plan, but shall mention them only in general terms, as parts of the great whole; to show what political power they possess; what they relinquished to. the general Government, to what extent they are sovereign powers, and how they fall short of being complete sovereignties.

3. The Constitution of the United States expressly declares that Congress shall have and exercise certain powers, and also that no State shall possess or exercise them.

Congress has the exclusive power to lay duties on imported goods, to regulate commerce with foreign nations and with Indian tribes; to pass naturalization laws, to coin money, to establish post offices and post roads; to grant patents and copyrights; to declare war, and to do many other things which the States are prohibited from doing, for if invested with such powers there would be an immediate conflict of laws and unavoidable collision between the United States and the State Governments.

4. Now when the several original States adopted the Constitution, they agreed to be governed by its provisions, and therefore conceded to Congress all the rights and powers therein specified; thus relinquishing all authority to exercise them themselves. And as the new States came into the Union, they did the same thing. Hence all the States voluntarily surrendered a part of the powers which belong to a sovereign State. Sover

eignty implies full power to do any thing without the control of another. The United States Government is a complete sovereignty. The States are not, because they agreed, for the general good of all, to surrender certain powers to the general Government.

5. In everything, except these surrendered rights or powers, the States are sovereign. In all matters | eraining to their own domestic affairs, they enjoy full power to enact such laws as they please, taking care that no law, however, shall conflict with the Constitution of the United States, or with any law which Congress has the exclusive right to enact,

6. The States are the first, most important, and most permanent of all the political divisions of the country. They are now in size, location, and Territorial limits, just what they were when first formed; with one exception, and that is Virginia. When that State seceded with most of the other Southern States, before the late civil war, the people in that part of the State lying west of the Alleghany Mountains (nearly one half of it), refused to leave the old Union, seceded from the old State and organized themselves into a new one, styling it West Virginia. This they could not do, however, without the consent of Congress; but this was readily given, the division was consummated and a new State was carved out of an old one. This is the first, and thus far, the only instance in which this has been done.

In the following chapter we give the several States in alphabetical order, making it easy to turn to them, and to find any desired information contained in the brief summary of facts relating to each.

ALABAMA was admitted into the Union of States, Dec. 14th, 1819, and made the twenty-second State.

It has an area of 50,722 square miles, equal to 32,462,080 acres, and had a population in 1860 of 964,201, by which she was entitled to 6 Representatives in Congress.

It forms a part of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and is divided into three Judicial Districts, viz., Northern, Middle, and Southern Districts of Alabama.

It has one port of entry, to wit, Mobile, and two ports of delivery, viz., Tuscumbia and Selma.

The Capitol of the State is Montgomery.

The State election is held on the first Monday in Augus The Legislature meets on the second Monday in November, but meets only once in two years.

The enacting clause of its laws is as follows: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, in general assembly convened."

66 UNITED STATES SENATORS."

Under this caption, after the general remarks upon each State, we give the names of all the men who have represented that State in the United States Senate, from the commencement of the Government (1789), down to the end of the year 1867, in chronological order, together with their times of service. This affords a convenient

means of reference to the prominent statesmen in each State, in times gone by.

Those from Alabama were as follows:

Wm. R. King, from 1819 to 1844, and from 1846 to 1852

Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861; and consequently has not been represented in the United States Senate, from that time up to the end of 1867; and will not be, until re-admitted into the Union.

Arkansas was admitted into the Union, Jan. 15, 1836, (Michigan admitted same day), making the 26th State. She has an area of 52,198 square miles, equal to 33,406,720 acres.

Her population in 1860 was 435,450, which entitles her to 3 Representatives in Congress.

Arkansas lies in the 8th Judicial Circuit, and forms two Judicial Districts-Eastern and Western.

She has no ports of entry, or delivery.

This State was a part of the Louisiana purchase, made of France in 1803.

The Capitol of this State is Little Rock.

She holds her State election on the first Monday in August.