DURATION OF LOCKOUTS, NUMBER AND PER CENT OF ESTABLISHMENTS CLOSED, AND AVERAGE DAYS CLOSED, BY STATES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS, 1881 TO 1905. [See Table XVII, pages 738 to 741, for notes relating to general lockouts extending into two or more States, establishments closed permanently, establishments in which lockout was pending at the close of some one of the four investigations included in this report, and establishments in which duration or time closed was not reported.] The average duration of lockouts per establishment in the States in which lockouts were of most frequent occurrence was 73.0 days in New York, 50.8 days in Pennsylvania, and 150.2 days in Illinois. The percentage of establishments in which lockouts occurred which were closed was 51.31 per cent in New York, 75.53 per cent in Pennsylvania, and 89.24 per cent in Illinois. The average number of days closed per establishment was 28.1 in New York, 36.6 in Pennsylvania, and 64.8 in Illinois. In the presentation by geographical divisions, it is seen that the average duration was 126.1 days in the North Central and 34.5 days in the South Atlantic division. The percentage of establishments closed was 82.12 per cent in the North Central and 39.06 per cent in the South Central division. The average number of days closed. was 58.8 in the North Central and 19.7 in the Western division. CAUSES OF STRIKES. In the four tables which follow, certain data relating to strikes have been tabulated according to the causes for which undertaken. The classification into 14 causes is explained on pages 112 to 114. These four tables show statistics for strikes due solely to each of the 14 causes and also for strikes in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. Strikes resulting from two or more causes have been counted under each of those causes combined with various causes-thus, for example, strikes for increase of wages and reduction of hours have been included in the cause "for increase of wages combined with various causes" and also in the cause "for reduction of hours combined with various causes," as such strikes were due in part to both of these causes. The first table shows the number and per cent of strikes due to each cause during each year from 1881 to 1905. The second table shows similar data for establishments involved in strikes, and the third table similar data for strikers. The fourth table of the series is a summary for the entire period from 1881 to 1905. This series of tables renders easy a comparison of the relative importance of each of the 14 causes considered both separately and combined with various causes during each year of the period from 1881 to 1905. The tables are presented in order, and the discussion follows the tables. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905. [For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each strike was counted but once.] Cause or object. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890 Number.. 288 247 217 131 242 597 483 235 322 577 For increase of wages... Per cent.. 61. 15 54. 41 45. 40 29. 57 37. 52 41. 69 33. 64 25. 94 29. 95 31. 48 For increase of wages com-jNumber..! 25 11 16 16 30 124 71 41 46 115 bined with various causes. Per cent.. 5.31 2.42 3.35 3.61 4.65 8.66 4.94 4.53 4.28 6.27 Number.. 49 67 118 157 170 117 159 187 220 181 Against reduction of wagesPer cent.. 10. 40 14, 76 24. 69 35. 44 26. 36 8. 17 11. 07 20. 64 20.47 9.87 8 8 12 15 1.70 1.32 1.67 2.71 2.33 14 12 5 2.97 2.64 1.05 1.35 2.17 12 5 3 Against reduction of wages Number.. combined causes.... with various For reduction of hours. Per cent.. For reduction of hours com-(Number.. bined with various causes. Per cent.. Number.. Against increase of hours. Per cent.. Against increase of hours) Number.. combined with various (Per cent.. causes. Concerning recognition of Number.. union and union rules....Per cent.. Concerning recognition of) 2.55 6 14 15 23 18 98 19 1.33 6. 14 138 113 9.64 7.87 50 5.52 7 6 105 .93 7.33 47 16 1.49 3.29 59 1 3 2 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905. [For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each strike was counted but once.] 1891. 1892 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total (Total 1904. 1905. Total. strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes strikes 13.) 1,298.) 1.505.) 1,349.) | 1,215.) 1,026.) 1,078.) 1,056.) 1,797.) 1,779.) 2,924.) 3,162.) 3,494.) 2,307.) 2,077.) 36,757.) 698 586 849 1,039 1,103 535 583 458 378 316 412 510 275 386 384 26.67 29. 12 24. 21 30. 54 41.98 26. 80 35.81 36. 36 38. 84 32. 94 29. 04 32. 86 31. 57 23. 19 28. 07 125 67 53 52 70 83 73 7.28 5.16 4.06 3.85 5.76 8.09 6.77 350 221 196 207 89 208 261 294 387 484 8.43 11.57 14.67 10. 05 12. 24 13. 85 160 101 102 127 117 121 5.62 5.73 4.34 3.70 3.46 11,851 32.24 199 177 3,117 185 151 326 10. 77 11. 63 24. 98 25. 95 18. 19 19. 10 19.20 15. 15 8.63 8.52 8.48 175 103 4,067 11.06 308 45 .39 27 .41 26 78 48 85 71 4.95 5.47 3.98 72 43 4.19 3.31 1.76 .84 52 23 5.01 20 36 32 36 4.89 41 3.88 130 179 7. 23 10.06 1,797 6.29 4.89 7 5 9 33 28 .41 245 198 179 168 150 225 140 . 22 351 273 818 799 812 748 641 14. 27,15. 25 13. 72 12. 45 12. 35 21. 93 12. 99 15. 72 19. 53 15. 35 27. 98 25. 27 23. 24 32. 42 30.86 53 40 50 53 35 3.09 3.08 3.07 1.63 4.12 5.17 3. 25 95 100 60 88 81 167 9.78 7.32 7.66 4.45 7.24 7.89 6. 59 10 13 13 15 .74 1.07 1.27 1.39 6 1.78 1.46 1.30 1.49 1.40 1.13 6,926 18. 84 150 31 124 168 6.90 9.44 26 97 1,658 4.51 7.03 7.33 49 26 52 33 27 315 .86 3 1 2 27 04 NUMBER AND PER CENT OF ESTABLISHMENTS INVOLVED IN STRIKES DUE WHOLLY OR PARTLY TO EACH OF THE 14 CAUSES, BY YEARS, 1881 TO 1905. [For explanation of this table see text statement, page 55. The totals entered in the box headings are taken from Table X, where each establishment was counted but once.] Cause or object. For increase of wages.. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. JNumber.. 1,630 1,618 1,678 821 1,101 2,747 1,899 1, 489 1,433 3,418 Per cent.. 55. 67 76. 86 60. 82 34. 69 48. 20 27. 33 28. 82 42. 47 37. 85 36. 27 For increase of wages com-jNumber..] 287 113 504 698 331 1,848 1,259 242 663 1,434 bined with various causes Per cent.. 9.80 5.37 18. 27 29. 49 14. 49 18. 38 19.11 6.90 17. 51 15. 22 Number.. 112 187 350 410 433 321 401 292 601 590 Against reduction of wages.. Per cent.. 3.83 8.88 12. 69 17. 32 18.96 3. 19 6.09 8.33 15.87 6.26 Against reduction of wages Number.. 82 12 40 31 82 281 188 19 36 combined with various Per cent.. 2.80 .57 1.45 1.31 3.59 2.80 2.85] 54 95 62 45 5 256 289 154 3, 425 1, 124 383 1.973 2.12 2.14 .18 10.82 6. 74 34.07 17.06 8.24 10. 12 20. 94. 835 13 309 576 144 1,817 773 669 399 1,195 62 11.20 24.33 6.30 18. 07 11. 73 19.08 10. 5412. 68 causes. For reduction of hours. JNumber.. Per cent.. For reduction of hours com-/Number.. bined with various causes Per cent.. 28. 52 Against increase of hours. Against increase of hours) combined with 5 152 8 19 20 (Number.. 39 . various Number.. Per cent.. 03 32 1.16 8 .34 1.51 2.43 3 .03 27 36 80 |