and the wages received as the Industrial commission requires. Each employer shall also keep a record of the names and addresses of all women and minors employed by him, the hours of employment and wages of each, and such other records as the Industrial commission requires.

Penalties. Section 1729s-10. Any employer who discharges or threatens to discharge, or in any way discriminates, or threatens to discriminate against any employe because the employe has testified or is about to testify, or because the employer believes that the employe may testify, in any investigation or proceeding relative to the enforcement of this act, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of twenty-five dollars for each offense.

Section 17298-11. Each day during which any employer shall employ a person for whom a living-wage has been fixed at a wage less than the living-wage fixed shall constitute a separate and distinct violation of sections 17298-1 to 1729s-12, inclusive, of the statutes.

Enforcement of Law. Section 1729s-12. Any person may register with the Industrial commission a complaint that the wages paid to an employe for whom a living-wage has been established, are less than that rate, and the Industrial commission shall investlgate the matter and take all proceedings necessary to enforce the payment of a wage not less than the living-wage.

ORDERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION PURSUANT TO MINIMUM WAGE LAW

Order 1. No employer shall employ any experienced female or minor employe over 17 years of age, in any occupation, trade, or industry throughout the state at a wage rate of less than 22 cents per hour.

2. During the first three months of the learning period, the wage paid shall not be less than 18 cents per hour. During the second three months of the learning period, the wage paid shall not be less than 20 cents per hour.

3. Minors between 14 and 16 years of age shall be paid a wage of not less than 18 cents per hour. Minors between 16 and 17 years of age shall be paid not less than 20 cents per hour, if they have been employed in the industry for three months or more; otherwise, they shall be paid not less than 18 cents per hour. Minors producing the same output as employes in a higher wage classification shall be paid not less than the minimum wage rate for such class.

4. For the purposes of this order employes shall be deemed experienced after six months of employment in the trade or industry, whether for the same employer or for different employers. In seasonal industries operating only for a few months during the year no learning period is recognized, and all female and minor employes in such industries shall be paid a wage of not less than 22 cents per hour.

5. The total number of employes in any establishment who receive wages below 22 cents per hour but not including indentured apprentices, shall not exceed 25% of the total number of women and minor employes normally employed.

6. Where board or lodging is furnished by the employer as part payment of wages, an allowance may be made therefor of not more than $4.50 per week for board and $2.00 per week for lodging.

7. Where payment of wages is made upon a piece basis or system other than time rate, the actual wage shall not be less than that provided for in this order.

8. Every employer employing females or minors shall keep posted a copy of this order, on a form prescribed by the commission, in a conspicuous place in the general work room and in the women's dressing rooms.

9. This order shall become effective August 1, 1919.

Order No. 2. 1. For the 16 hour period, 6 a. m. to 10 p. m. of the same day,' telephone exchanges shall pay their operators as a minimum for the number of hours indicated in the following schedule:

2. For the 8 hour period, 10 p. m. of one day to 6 a. m. of the following day, telephone exchanges shall pay their operators for all of the time they are subject to call which is not included within the longest period of uninterrupted rest which the operators get on at least two-thirds of the nights they are on duty, but no exchange having night service shall pay its operators for a lesser number of hours than is indicated in the following schedule:

Illustration: An exchange of 350 subscribers in which the longest period of uninterrupted rest on 2/3 of the nights is ō hours or more, is required to pay for only the minimum of 3 hours. If in such an exchange the longest period of uninterrupted rest which prevails 2/3 of the time is only 4 hours, the exchange must pay its operators for 4 hours; if the operators get only 2 hours of uninterrupted rest, they must be paid for 6 hours.

3. In telephone exchanges which are located in a private residence and operated by the members of the household, the payment of a wage for the operation of the switchboard of 50c per month per phone, will be regarded as a compliance with the minimum wage law, but if outside help is employed, such help must be paid upon the basis outlined in the first two paragraphs of this order.

4. In determining the classification of an exchange, all telephones for which switching is done must be counted, whether they

are those of subscribers of the company owning the exchange, or those of some other company.

5. All telephone companies not later than March 1, 1920, shall make a report to the Industrial Commission showing the schedule of the hours of labor of their operators in force on February 1, 1920, the wage rates which they paid to each of these operators on that date, and all adjustments they have made of any back pay which may be due to their women and minor employes under General Order Number 1, made pursuant to the minimum wage law, which became effective August 1, 1919. Upon application, the Commission will consider what is a fair adjustment of the pay of operators in exchanges located in separate offices which have less than 100 telephones, for the six months period from August 1, 1919, to January 31, 1920, and will deal with this problem by special orders.

Order No. 3. That attendants in sanitariums who are employed for more than fifty-five (55) Lours per week as a minimum shall be paid for fifty-five (55) hours per week.

Order No. 4. "Home Workers" as a minimum must be paid such piece rates which will yield the women and minor employes of the Same employer who are of average ability and are employed in the factory, the rates prescribed in Order No. 1.

Order No. 5. Women and minor employes who work intermittently shall be regarded as having completed the first three months of the learning period which is provided for in Order No. 1 after 600 hours of work in trade or industry, and the entire learning period of six months after 1,200 hours of work.

Order No. 6. The payment of a wage of three and one-half cents (31⁄2 c) per pound for stripping tobacco to any women or minor employe will be regarded as a compliance with the minimum wage law, insofar as that employe is concerned.

Order No. 7. Beauty parlors are exempted from the requirement in minimum wage Order Number 1 of paying 18c per hour to learners during the first two months of their employment.

VII. CHILD LABOR

PROVISIONS OF THE STATUTES

Permits; Children Between 14 and 17. Section 1728a1 No child between the ages of fourteen and seventeen years unless indentured as an apprentrice, as provided in section 2377 of the statutes, shall be employed, required, suffered or permitted to work at any time in any factory, or workshop, store, hotel, restaurant, bakery, mercantile establishment, laundry, telegraph, telephone or public messenger service, or the delivery of any merchandise, or at any gainful occupation, or employment, directly or indirectly, or, in cities wherein a vocational school is maintained, in domestic service other than casual employment in such service, unless there is first obtained from the industrial commission, or from a judge of a county, municipal, or juvenile court designated by the industrial commission where such child resides, or from some other person designated by said commission', a written permit authorizing the employment of such child in such employment within such time or times as the said industrial commission or a judge or other person designated by said commission may fix; providing, that such times shall not conflict with those designated in subsection 1 of section 1728c.

1 The employment of children in distributing, soliciting, selling, displaying or offering for sale of any articles, goods or merchandise, handbills, circulars, newspapers, magazines, or periodicals, or employment as a bootblack, in any street, alley, court, square or other public place, is regulated by the street trades law, published on page 277.

Wherever the terms "commissioner of labor, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector" occur in this law, read "the industrial commission and its deputies." See Section 2394-54.

* The employer is charged with the duty of ascertaining, at his peril, the age of a minor and employing persons of lawful age only. False statements of the minor or his parent, as to the age of the minor, is no defense for the employer. Peter Stetz vs. F. Mayer Boot and Shoe Company, 163 Wis. 151. Child labor permits issued by the Industrial Commission and the permit officers it has appointed are accepted by the United States Department of the treasury as having the same force and effect as certificates of age under the federal child labor tax law. Compliance with the state child labor law protects an employer absolutely against the 10% tax on net profits assessed upon employers for violations of the federal law.

The industrial commission has designated persons to act as permit officers In various parts of the state and will designate others as the need develops and suitable persons, who are willing to perform this service, can be found. The name of the permit officer for any community can usually be obtained from the school superintendent or principal and can always be obtained by writing to the industrial commission at Madison.

Section 1728a.

Prohibited Employments; General Provisions. 2. No employer shall employ, require, permit or suffer any minor or any female to work in any place of employment, or at any employment dangerous or prejudicial to the life, health, safety or welfare of such minor, or such female, or where the employment of such minor may be dangerous or prejudicial to the life, health, safety or welfare of other employes or frequenters. the duty of the industrial commission, and it shall have the power, It shall be jurisdiction and authority to investigate, ascertain, determine and fix such reasonable classifications of employments and places of employment, minors and females, and to issue general or special orders prohibiting the employment of such minors or females in any employment or piace of employment dangerous or prejudicial to the life, health, safety or welfare of such minor or such female, and to carry out the purposes of sections 1728a to 1728j, inclusive, of the statutes. Such investigations, classifications and orders, and any action, proceeding, or suit to set aside vacate or amend any such order of said commission, or enjoin the enforcement thereof, shall be made pursuant to the proceedings in sections 2394-41 to 2394-70, inclusive, of the statutes, which are hereby made a part hereof, so far as not inconsistent with the provisions of sections 1728a to 1728), inclusive, of the statutes; and every order of the said commission shall have the same force and effect as the orders issued pursuant to sald sections 2394-41 to 2394-70, inclusive, of the statutes; and the penalties therein shall be applied to and be imposed for any violation of sections 1728a to 1728j, inclusive, of the statutes. such time as the said commission shall so investigate, ascertain, Until determine and fix the classifications provided in this section, the employments and places of employment designated in the following schedule shall be deemed to be dangerous or prejudicial to the life, safety, health or welfare of minors under the ages specified, or of females, or dangerous or prejudicial to the life, health, safety, or welfare of other employes or of frequenters, where such minor may be employed. The terms "place of employment," "employment," "employer," "employe,' der," "general order," "special order," "welfare," "safe" and "frequenter," "deputy," "order," "local or"safety," as used in this section, shall be construed as defined in section 2394-41 of the statutes.

Schedule of Prohibited Employments*. ments or places of employment dangerous or prejudicial to the Schedule of employlife, health safety or welfare of minors, or children under the ages specified, or to frequenters, or to females.

(a) Minors under twenty-one years of age:

In cities of the first, second and third class, before six o'clock in the morning and after eight o'clock in the evening of any day, as messenger for a telegraph or messenger company in the distribution, transmission or delivery of messages or goods.

(b) Minors under eighteen years of age:

(1) Blast furnaces; in or about.

(2) Boats and vessels engaged in the transportation of passengers or merchandise; pilot; fireman; engineer.

A labor permit does not authorize the employment of the minor at the prohibited work It is unlawful to employ minors in prohibited employment under any and all circumstances.