Order 2156. Tail Lights: Every motor-vehicle or trailer, shall display one tail light on the rear, located to the left of the axis of the motor-vehicle. This tail light shall display a red light, visible for at least 500 feet to the rear of the vehicle, and in the case of vehicles which are required to carry a license number plate on the rear, this tail light shall illum nate the entire number-plates with a substantially white light.

Exception: (1) Small two-wheeled trailers of 1000 pounds capacity or less, which are towed closely behind a motor-vehicle, need not display a tail light.

(2) Only the rear vehicle of a train consisting of a motorvehicle and one or more trailers need display a tail light.

(3) Tail lights on motor-cycles may be located on the axis of the motor-cycle.

Order 2157. Color of Light From Front Lights. The light emitted from front-lights may be white or tinted, but shall not be red.

Order 2158. Size of Electric Lamps. (a) For Head-Lights: When electric lamps are used in head-lights, the size of electric lamps installed shall have a rating not in excess of 32 meanspherical candle-power.

(b) For Front-Lights. (except head-lights and spot-lights.) When electric lamps are used in front-lights other than head-lights or spot-lights, the size of electric lamps installed shall have a rating not in excess of 4 mean-sphehrical candle-power.

(c) For Spot-Lights. When electric lamps are used in spotlights, the size of electric lamps installed shall have a rating not in excess of 21 mean-spherical candle-power.

Note: No limits have been placed on oil and gas consuming lamps, except that they must be equipped so as to comply with these orders.

SECTION III.

Requirements Applying to Motor-Vehicles Parked Upon or Occupying Highways

Order 2159. Dimmed Head Light or Other Front Light. (a) All Motor-Vehicles. (except Motor-Cycles.) When standing at the curb, or roadside, all motor-vehicles (except motor-cycles) shall display one, or two dimmed head-lights or other front-lights, but when only one light is displayed, it shall be to the left of the axis of the motor-vehicle. Such lights shall be of sufficient intensity, however, as to make them visible for a distance of 500 feet ahead of the motor-vehicle.

Exception: Motor-vehicles occupying highways, illuminated to such intensity as to make the motor-vehicle clearly discernible for a distance of at least 500 feet are exempted from this order.

(b) Motor-cycles. When standing at the curb or roadside, all motor-cycles shall display one dimmed head-light or some other front light. Such 1 ght shall be of sufficient intensity, however, as to make it visible for a distance of 500 feet ahead of the motorcycle.

Exception: Motor-cycles occupying highways, illuminated to such intensity as to make the motor-cycle clearly discernible for a distance of at least 500 feet are exempted from this order.

Order 2160. Tail-lights. Motor-vehicles and trailers parked upon or occupying the highway shall be subject to the same requirements for tail-lights as when in motion upon the highway. (See Order 2155).

Exception: (1) In place of a tail-light, motor-vehicles parked upon or occupying the highway, may display to the rear, a red marker light attached to the side of the vehicle.

(2) Motor-vehicles parked upon or occupying highway, illuminated to such an intensity as to make the motor-vehicle discernible for a distance of at least 500 feet, need not display a tail-light.

OTHER PUBLIC SAFETY LAWS

Many of the laws mentioned in the section on safety laws for railroads and public utilities (pp. 25-27 above) relate primarily to public safety and not to the safety of employes. These statutes should be consulted in a study of the public safety laws of Wisconsin, as well as the statutes on electric wiring (pp. 20-21) and on the manufacture and storage of power.

Other public safety laws are section 4395 which requires the guarding of holes on streams. ponds and lakes from which ice has been removed and section 4398d prohibiting the use of a steam engine on the highways at night without being equipped with a red lantern.

Fireworks.

Section 4398f. 1. No person shall sell or keep for sale or manufacture, or bring into this state for use therein, any skyrockets, fireworks or firecrackers, containing picric acid, picrates, chlorate of potash compound dynamite, mixture of dynamite or other high explosive mixtures pellets or tablets compounded of any of the foregoing or other high explosive mixtures, explosive canes using blank cartridges or explosive paper caps, blank cartridge pistols, or any firecrackers more than three inches in length and one-half of an inch in diameter.

2. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail no. ess than thirty days nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

1 See General Orders on Fire Prevention, pages.

3

FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE DEPARTMENT INSPECTIONS, DUES, AND EQUIPMENT

Fire Prevention Duties and Powers of the Industrial Commission. Subsections (5a) and (5b) of section 2394-52. (5a). To make reasonable orders for the repair or removal of any building or other structure which for want of repair or by reason of age, or dilapidated condition or for any other cause is especially liable to fire, and which is so situated as to endanger other buildings or property and for the repair or removal of any combustible or explosive material or inflammable conditions, dangerous to the safety of any building or premises or the occupants thereof or endangering or hindering firemen in case of fire.

(5b) The industrial commission and its deputies shall have the right at all reasonable hours to enter into and upon all buildings, premises and public thoroughfares excepting only the interior of private dwellings, for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any condition liable to cause fire, or any violation of any law or order relating to the fire hazard or to the prevention of fire.

Chiefs of Fire Departments to be Deputies of Industrial Commission. Section 2394-71. 1. The chief of the fire department in every city, village or town is hereby constituted a deputy of the industrial commission, subject to the right of the industrial commission to relieve any such chief of a fire department from his duties as such deputy for cause, and upon such suspension to appoint some other person to perform the duty imposed upon such deputy of the industrial commission.

Inspections by Fire Departments. 2. Such chief of the fire department is required, by himself or by officers or members of his fire department designated by him for that purpose, to inspect all buildings, premises. and public thoroughfares, except the interiors of private dwellings, for the purpose of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any conditions liable to cause fire, or any violations of any law or ordinance relating to the fire hazards or to the prevention of fires.

3. Such inspection shall be made at least once in six months in all of the territory served by such fire department, and not less than once in three months in such territory as the common council shall have designated or shall thereafter designate as within the fire limits or as a congested district subject to conflagration, and oftener as the chief of the fire department may order. Each six months' period shall begin on the first day of January and July, and each three months' period on the first day of January, April, July, and October, of each year.

4. The chiefs of fire departments in every city of the first, second and third classes shall designate a sufficient number of men as inspectors to carry out the provisions of this section.

5. Written reports of inspection shall be made and kept on file in the office of the chief of the fire department in the manner and form required by the industrial commission.

6.

Such inspection shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the industrial commission. which shall upon examination

certify to the commissioner of insurance after the expiration of each calendar year each such city, village or town where the inspections for such year have been made, and records thereof have been made and kept on file as required by law.

Dues to Fire Department. Section 1926. 1. Every city or village or town containing an unincorporated village, having or maintaining a regularly organized fire department, as hereinafter provided, shall be entitled, for the support and maintenanec of such fire department, to two per centum upon the amount of all premiums which, during the year or part of a year ending on the next preceding first day of January, shall have been received by, or shall have been agreed to be paid to any company or insurer, or agent thereof, for any insurance effected, or agreed to be effected, or promised by such company, insurer or agent thereof against loss or injury by fire in any such city or village, or within a radius of one mile from the location of any fire department in any town containing an unincorporated village; such dues to be payable as provided in section 1926m.

2. No city, village or town shall be entitled to such dues unless it shall have, support or maintain a fire department consisting, in case of a voluntary department, of at least one fire engine or one chemical fire engine company with not less than ten active members, having at least one good fire engine or one chemical fire engine with a capacity of fifty gallons and not less than five hundred feet of sound rubber, leather or other hose for a fire engine or not less than one hundred fifty feet of such hose for a chemical fire engine, kept in an engine house fit and ready at all times for actual service, and at least one hook and ladder company, with not less than twelve active members, having a good hook and ladder truck, and each such company shall hold a meeting at least once a month, and in case of paid or partly paid fire department, the buildings, machinery and materials hereinbefore enumerated and the necessary men, teams and equipments to constitute an active and properly equipped department, ready for service at all times.

3. In case any city, village or town shall have and maintain a system of waterworks with sufficient pressure for fire purposes, with one or more hose companies of not less than ten active members, each having not less than five hundred feet of sound rubber, leather or other hose, with one or more hose carts kept fit and ready at all times for actual service, such city, village or town shall not be required to maintain a fire engine.

4. No city, village or town shall be paid any fire department dues for any year unless the industrial commission shall have certified to the commissioner of insurance that the requirements of section 19461 (now section 2394-71) have been complied with as to such city, village or town, and any fire department dues paid into the state treasury for any city, village or town not entitled to receive the same may be expended by the industrial commission for making the necessary inspection within any such city, village or town. In any case where such fire department dues shall be withheld from any city, village or town where, under the statutes, the same shall be payable into any firemen's pension fund or other special funds for the benefit of disabled or superannuated firemen, an amount equal to the fire department dues so withheld shall be paid into such pension fund from any fund of such city, village or town available therefor, and if no such fund be so available, the same shall be included in and paid out of the next taxes levied and collected for any such city, village or town.

SANITATION LAWS

HOME WORK LAW.1

Application to Manufacturing in Dwelling, etc.; Inspection; License What to Contain; Sales of Articles Prohibited, Unless. Section 1636-71. No room or apartment in any tenement or dwelling house or in a building situated in the rear of any tenement or dwelling house shall be used for the purpose of manufacturing, altering, repairing or finishing therein, for wages or for sale, any coats, vests, knee pants, trousers, overalls, cloaks, hats, caps, suspenders, jerseys, blouses, dresses, waists, waitsbands, underwear, neckwear, knit goods of all kinds, furs, fur trimmings, fur garments, skirts, shirts, purses, feathers, cigarettes, cigars or umbrellas, unless a license is secured therefor as provided in this act. Application for such license shall be made to the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics by any family or a member thereof or any person firm or corporation, desiring to manufacture, alter, repair or finish any such articles in any room or apartment in any tenement or dwelling house or by any person, firm or corporation desiring to perform such work in any building in the rear of any tenement or dwelling house. Such application shall describe the room or apartment, shall specify the number of persons to be employed therein, and shall be in such form as the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics may determine. Blank applications shall be prepared and furnished by the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics. Before any such license is granted, an inspection of the room, apartment or building sought to be licensed, must be made by the commissioner of labor, and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector. If the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, ascertain that such room, apartment or building, is in a clean and proper sanitary condition, and that the articles specified in this section may be manufactured therein under clean and healthful conditions, he shall grant a license permitting the use of such room, apartment or building for the purpose of manufacturing, altering, repairing or finishing such articles. Each license shall state the maximum number of persons who may be employed in the room or rooms to which such license relates. The number of persons to be so employed shall be determined by the number of cubic feet of air space contained in each room or apartment mentioned in such license, allowing not less than two hundred and fifty cubic feet for each person employed between the hours of six o'clock in the morning and six o'clock in the evening, and unless by a special written permit of the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, not less than four hundred cubic feet for each person employed therein between the hours of six in the evening and six in the morning, but no such permit shall be issued unless such room or apartment has suitable light at all times during such hours, while such persons are employed therein. Such license must be posted in a conspicuous place in the room or apartment to which it relates. It may be revoked by the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector, if

1 Whenever the terms "commissioner of labor, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector" occur in this law, read "the industrial commission and its deputies." Section 2394-54.