the health of the community or the employes requires it, or if it appears that the rooms or apartments, to which such license relates, are not in a healthy and proper sanitary condition. Every room or apartment in which any of the articles named in this section are manufactured, altered, repaired or finished, shall be kept in a clean and sanitary condition and shall be subject to inspection and examination by the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, for the purpose of ascertaining whether said garments or articles or any part or parts thereof are clean and free from vermin and every matter of infectious or contagious nature. No person, firm or corporation, shall hire, employ or contract with any member of a family or any person, firm or corporation not holding a license thereof, to manufacture, alter, repair or finish any of the articles named in this section in any room or apartment in any tenement or dwelling house or in any room or apartment in any building, situated in the rear of a tenement or dwelling house as aforesaid; and no person, firm of corporation shall receive, handle or convey to others or sell, hold in stock or expose for sale, any goods mentioned in this section unless made under the sanitary conditions and in accordance with this act. This section shall not prevent the employment of a tailor or seamstress by any person or family for the purpose of making, altering, repairing or finishing any article of wearing apparel for such person or for family use.

Revocation of License; Appeal to Board of Health. Section 1636 -72. Whenever the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector in his judgment revokes or refuses to grant a license to any person or persons because of the unhealthy or insanitary conditions in or surrounding the place where any of the aforesaid goods are or are to be manufactured, the person or persons aggrieved by such decision may appeal to the board of health of such city, village or town wherein said license was refused or revoked. The board of health after receiving a written notice of the appeal from the person or persons aggrieved, shall immediately investigate the conditions and surroundings of the place wherein any of the goods are or are to be manufactured as mentioned in the aforesaid, and if they find that a license can be granted without injuring or impairing the public health, then such finding shall be immediately reported in writing to the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics who shall thereupon grant such license.

Power of Commissioner of Labor As To Sanitary Conditions. Section 1636-73. The commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector, may when he deems it necessary, require that all rooms or apartments used for the purpose of manufacturing, altering, repairing or finishing therein, any of the aforesaid goods or articles as mentioned in section 1636-71 shall be separate from and have no door, window or other opening into any living or sleeping room of any tenement or dwelling and that no such rooms or apartments shall be used at any time for sleeping purposes and shall contain no bed, bedding or cooking utensils. He may further require or direct a separate outside entrance to the room or apartments where the work is carried on, and it such work is carried on above the first floor, then there may be directed a separate and distinct stairway leading thereto and every such room or apartment shall be well and sufficiently lighted, heated and ventilated by ordinary, or if necessary, by mechanical appliance. He may also require suitable closet arrange

ments for each sex employed as follows: Where there are ten or more persons and three or more to the number of twenty are of either sex, a separate and distinct water-closet, either inside the building with adequate plumbing connections or on the outside, at least twenty feet from the building, shall be provided for each sex. When the number employed is more than twenty-five of either sex, there shali be provided an additional water-closet for such sex up to the number of fifty persons, and above that number in the same ratio, and all such closets shall be kept strictly and exclusively for the use of the employes and employer and employers. All closets shall be regularly disinfected and the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics,, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector may require all other necessary changes or any process of cleaning, painting or whitewashing which they may deem necessary, before the issuing of the license.

Manufacturer To Keep Register Of Work Given Out. Section 1636-74. Any person, firm or corporation, by themselves or by their agents or managers, contracting for the manufacturing, altering, repairing or finishing of any of the articles mentioned in section 1636-71, or giving out material from which they or any part of them are to be manufactured, altered, repaired or finished, shall keep a register of the names and addresses, plainly written in English, of the persons to whom such articles or materials are given to be so manufactured, altered, repaired or finished or with whom they have contracted to do the same. Such register shall be subject to inspection on demand, by the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector, and a copy thereof shall be furnished at his request.

Proceedings On Discovery Of Contagious Disease. Section 1636 -75. If the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector or assistant factory inspector find that infectious or contagious diseases exist in a workshop, room or apartment of a tenement or dwelling house or of a building in the rear thereof in which any of the articles specified in section 1636-71 are being manufactured, altered, repaired or finished or that articles manufactured or in process of manufacture therein are infected or that goods used therein are unfit for use, he shall report to the board of health and such board shall issue such order as the public health may require. Such board may condemn and destroy all such infectious article or articles manufactured or in the process of manufacture under unclean or unhealthful conditions.

Owner Of Building, etc., Not to Permit Unlawful Manufacture In; Penalty. Section 1636-76. The owner, lessee or agent of a tenement or dwelling house shall not permit the use thereof for the manufacture, repair, alteration or finishing of any of the articles mentioned in sections 1636-71 to 1636-77, inclusive, contrary to the provisions of said sections. If a room or apartment in such tenement or dwelling house or in a building in the rear of a tenement or dwelling house be so unlawfully used, the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics, factory inspector, or assistant factory inspector, shall serve a notice thereof upon such owner, lessee or agent. Unless such owner, lessee or agent shall cause such unlawful manufacture to be discontinued within thirty days after the service of such notice or within fifteen days thereafter, institutes and faithfully prosecutes proceedings for the dispossession of the occupant of a tenement or dwelling house or of a building in the rear of a tenement or dwelling house who unlawfully manufactures,

repairs, alters or finishes such articles in any room or apartment therein, he shall be deemed guilty of a violation of said sections as if he himself was engaged in such unlawful manufacture, repair, altering or finishing.

Penalty For Violations Of Act. Section 1636-77. Any person firm or corporation, agent or manager of any corporation who whether for himself or for such firm or corporation or by himself or through agents, servants or foremen shall violate any of the provisions of sections 1636-71 to 1636-77 shall upon conviction thereof be fined in any sum not less than twenty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, or imprisoned not less than twenty or more than sixty days or both, and in all prosecutions brought by or under the direction of the commissioner of labor and industrial statistics for the violation of sections 1636—71 to 1636-77, he shall not be held to give security for costs or adjudged to pay any costs but in all cases where the accused be acquitted cr is found to be indigent, the costs shall be paid out of the county treasury of the county in which the proceedings are brought the same as the costs in all other cases of misdemeanor.

CIGAR MANUFACTURING1

No Basements. Section 1636-101. No shop or place wherein cigars are manufactured shall be located below the ground floor. Floor Space. Section 1636-102. Each employe in any shop or place wherein cigars are manufactured, shall, while actually employed be allowed to use twenty square feet of surface space, unobstructed to the ceiling.

Air Space. Section 1636-103. Every room wherein cigars are manufactured shall contain at least seven hundred cubic feet air space. It shall in every part be not less than eight feet in height, from floor to ceiling every window shall have not less than twelve square feet in superficial area, and the entire area of window surface shall not be less than twelve per cent of the floor space of such room.

Ventilation.

Section 1636-104. Every room in which cigars are manufactured while work is carried on shall be so ventilated that the air shall not become impure and injurious to the health of the persons employed therein, and it shall wherever necessary by the means of air shafts or other ventilation, be so changed as to render harmless all gases dust and other impurities generated in the process of manufacturing cigars. All windows are to be kept open for thirty minutes before working hours and for thirty minutes after working hours.

Sanitation. Section 1636-105. Every such shop or place in which one or more persons are employed and every such factory in which five or more persons are employed, shall be kept clean.

1 For section 1636-106 regarding the hours of labor for minors and under 18 in cigar factories see pages

The duties and powers conferred upon the "factory inspector" by this law are now vested in the industrial commission. Section 2394-54.

The dust must be removed from work tables and floors once every day, the floors scrubbed at least once a week and one cuspidor provided for every two employes.

Closets. Section 1636-107. Where men and women are employed there shall be separate dressing rooms and water-closets for the different sexes.

Penalty.

Section 1636-108. Any person violating any provis on of sections 1636-101 to 1636-109, inclusive, shall be punished by fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars and no less than ten dollars for the first offense, and by fine not exceeding fifty dollars, and no less than twenty-five dollars for the second and each following offense.

Enforcement. Section 1636-109. The factory inspector shall have full power and it shall be his duty to enforce all the provisions of sections 1636-101 to 1636-109, inclusive, but no prosecution shall be instituted for any violation of sections 1636-102, and 1636-103, and 1636-104, unless the employer or manufacturer, or the firm has been notified by a notice sent in a registered letter for at least four weeks prior to a prosecution, requiring the necessary changes in the factory or workshop, and such request has not been complied with.

INSPECTION OF TENEMENT HOUSES

Inspection of Tenement Houses. Section 1021d-1. The commissioner of labor statistics' and the inspectors employed in his department are hereby authorized at all reasonable hours to inspect tenement houses for the purpose of ascertaining the sanitary conditions of such buildings and also to ascertain whether or not the same are crowded so as to seriously interfere with the health of the occupants; to ascertain whether or not a sufficient quantity of wholesome water is introduced into such buildings and proper provisions made for closets and other conveniences necessary to preserve the health of the occupants.

Like authority is conferred upon the state board of health and the several boards of health in the cities of the state.

It shall be the duty of the commissioner of labor statistics to embody a report of his investigation in his next biennial report and make such recommendation as to building tenement houses as will tend to preserve the health of the occupants of such buildings.

Like authority is conferred upon the state board of health.

TENEMENT HOUSE LAW FOR CITIES OF FIRST CLASS

When Law Applies. Section 1636-180. The provisions of this act shall apply to and be in force in cities of the first class only, but all or any of the provisions thereof shall apply to and be in force in any city of the second or third class in which the common

1 Now the industrial commission and its deputies. Section 2394-54.

council thereof shall by ordinance provide that the same or such designated part or provisions thereof shall so apply and be in force in such city.

Definitions. Section 1636—181. 1. An apartment or tenement house, in the meaning of sections 1636-180 to 1636-201, inclusive is any house or building, or portion thereof which is rented, leased, let or hired out to be occupied as a home or res ́dence of three or more families living independently and doing their cooking or having facilities for doing their cooking upon the premises, and having a common right in the stairways, yards and water-closets or some of them.

2. A lodging or boarding house is any house or building or portion thereof. in which six or more persons are harbored, received or lodged for hire, or any building or part thereof which is used for six or more persons not members of the family, to sleep in or occupy as a lodging.

3. An apartment is a room or suite of rooms occupied or designed to be occupied as a family domicile.

4. A yard is an open unoccupied space on the same lot with a tenement, lodg ng or boarding house, between the rear line of the house and the rear line of the lot.

5. A court is an open, unoccupied space other than a yard, on the same lot with a tenement, lodging or boarding house. A court entirely surrounded by a house or building is an inner court. A court bounded on one side and both ends by a house or building and on the remaining side by a lot line is an inner lot-line court. A court extending to a street, alley or yard is an inner lot-line court. A court with one side on a lot line and opening to street or yard or both is an outer lot-line court.

6. A shaft includes exterior and interior shafts, whether for light, air, elevator, dumb-waiter or any other purpose. A vent shaft is one used solely to ventilate or light a water-closet compartment, bathroom or passageway.

7. A public hall is a hall corridor, or passageway not within an apartment.

8. A stair hall includes the stairs, stair landings, those portions of the public halls through which it is necessary to pass in getting from the entrance floor to the roof, and the inclosing partitions.

9. A basement is a story partly, but not more than one-half its height, below the level of the lot.

10. A cellar is a story more than one-half its height below the level of the lot.

11. An attic is an inclosed portion of a building above the top story and is not to be construed or counted as a story.

12. The expression "fireproof" and "fireproof construction" wherever used in sections 1636-180 to 1636-201, inclusive, mean a construction of walls, piers, partitions, floors, roof and stairs in which no wood or other inflammable material is used, in which the several structural parts are made of hard. incombustible, fireresisting mater als and in which all structural parts of steel and iron are thoroughly protected from fire by an ample covering of such fire-resisting material. A fire-proof tenement lodging or boarding house is one of fireproof construction. But this definition shall not be construed as prohibiting, elsewhere than in stair halls or entrance halls, the use of wooden flooring on top of the fireproof floors or the use of hardwood rails to stairs.

13. Where a grade in the street or lot adjacent to a tenement, lodging or boarding house varies, the mean or average grade of