Again let me repeat my assurances of unalterable regard for you, my fellow-citizens, and my most anxious wishes for your prosperity. May the lash of despotism be averted. May the liberties for which our ancestors have bled, still survive all attempts at their extinction. Put your trust in that Providence, that alone directs the blow, let the powers of this earth take what aim they may.

Boyle Farm, July 15, 1797.

HENRY FITZGERALD.

No. CIX.

A PASTORAL LETTER TO THE CATHOLIC CLERGY OF THE UNITED

DIOCESES OF WATERFORD AND LISMORE.

BY THE R. R. DR.

HUSSEY....PAGE 296.

.

DEARLY BELOVED BRETHREN IN CHRIST,

IN these critical and awful times, when opinions seem spreading over this island, of a novel and dangerous tendency; when the remnants of old oppression, and new principles which tend to anarchy, are struggling for victory, and which in the collision may produce the ruin of religion; when a moral earthquake shakes all Europe, I felt no small affliction and alarm, upon receiving the superior command of the head of the church, to preside over the Catholics of these united dioceses, upon the death of your most venerable, and ever to be regretted prelate, your late bishop.

In the midst of these fears and alarms, it was a great consola tion to me, to be assured of the piety, zeal, and loyalty of the clergy under my spiritual care; and that their exertions were constantly employed to keep the laity within the bounds of religion, morality, and decorum. That no part of Ireland was more exempt from turbulence and insubordination to the laws, than this district; and that the memory of the illegal injustices and cruelties formerly practised in this country, by men who made religious distinctions a stalking horse for political purposes, is completely and happily effaced, I hope, for ever.

It is upon you, very reverend, and dearly beloved bretheir that, under God, my reliance is, that the Catholic faith wi

VOL. IV.

P

duce its happy effects, in mending and improving the morals of the flock, which I commit to your care respectively. Let me beseech you, to attach yourselves to them, by frequently instructing and exhorting them, especially as often as you approach the sacred altar; and certainly you cannot fail to attach them to you, by such a pious, exemplary, and zealous conduct. Do not permit yourselves to be made the instruments of the rich of this world, who will try, by adulation, and possibly by other means, to make instruments of you over the poor, for their own temporal purposes, and perhaps to render your sacred ministry odious to them. The poor were always your friends, they inflexibly adhered to you, and to their religion, even in the worst of times: they shared their scanty meal with you, and with your predecessors, and thereby preserved a succession of spiritual pastors throughout the kingdom. If they had acted otherwise, conformed to the errors of the nation, and imitated the conduct of the rich, who not only shut their doors against you, but not unfrequently hunted you like wild beasts, I should not be able to address the present respectable body of clergy under my spiritual authority. Such a consideration cannot fail to enliven your zeal, and with affectionate attachment towards them, to impel you to instruct them in their duties, to restrain their errors, and to correct their vices. Argue, obsecra, increpa, in omni patientia, & doctrina. Upon all proper occasions, speak to them the words of eternal life, without fear or deference towards the enemies of our holy faith. The pastor, who doth not act in this manner towards his flock, hath lost the grace of his vocation, or perhaps he never received it from God. He is the mercenary shepherd, described in the scripture, who, upon seeing the wolf, runs away, and abandons his flock an easy prey to him.

At the same time that I charge you to avoid all political interferences, as unworthy the ministers of him, whose kingdom is not of this world, I call upon you to stand firm against all attempts, which may be made, under various pretexts, to withdraw any of your flocks from the belief and practice of the Catholic religion. Remonstrate with any parent who will be so criminal as to expose his offspring to those places of education where his religious faith or morals are likely to be perverted. If he will not attend to your remonstrances, refuse him the participation of Christ's body; if he still should continue obstinate, denounce him to the church, in order that, according to Christ's commandment, he be considered as a heathen and a publican.

If, in any of your districts, the Catholic military frequent Protestant places of worship, it is your duty to expostulate with them, und to teach them how contrary to the principles of the Catholic

it is, exteriorly to profess one faith, and interiorly to believe

another. That such hypocrisy, even in the eyes of the world, is mean and pusillanimous, as well as odious and abominable in the sight of God. That the military garb they wear, implies a manly candour, which abhors such duplicity. That this manly candour is peculiarly the character of an Irish soldier, who ought not to be ashamed of openly professing the Catholic religionthe religion of Irishmen. Instruct them, that in all matters regarding the service of the king, their officers are competent to command them, and that they are bound to obey; but in matters regarding the service of the King of Kings, their officers have no authority over them. Their personal religion is their own natural, uncontroulable, imprescriptible right, subject to the spiritual authority of the Catholic church, and over which the laws of the land cannot enjoy a coercive authority. In all temporal matters, they are subject to their temporal rulers. In all spiritual matters, they are subject to their spiritual rulers. These two authorities, like parallel lines in mathematics, can never touch each other. By the smallest declination, they lose even their name. Guard them from being deluded by the hacknied phrase of liberality of sentiment. Surely liberality of sentiment does not consist in holding all creeds, and all forms of worship, to be equal! He who thus expresses himself, is a latitudinarian, who despises all creeds-all forms of worship! The man of true liberality is he who conscientiously believes, and scrupulously follows that creed and form of worship which is conformable to his conscience, yet lives in charity, in concord, in amity with all others, of every religious persuasion. The man of true liberality is he who employs his conscience as the helm with which he steers, in his religious voyage, leaving others to steer theirs by a similar guide. The man of true liberality is he with whom a difference in religious opinions makes no difference in social life-living in equal harmony with all, and frequently bestowing more kindness and more bounty upon those who differ from him in religious opinions, when they want it, more than upon those of his own communion. The man of true liberality is he, who, when raised above the rest, to govern a great people, scorns to attend to the paltry distinctions of sect or party, spurns from his presence those interested advisers of a dangerous faction, who would dishonour him, and abuse the sacred name of majesty, to enrich themselves; but, like a true patriot, raises to power and influence, those whom, in his conscience, he thinks of most ability and integrity, to serve king and country. To sum up the whole, the truly liberal man is he who makes his religion the guide for his own personal and private conduct, and not a rule to guide, to govern, or to compel others to act against their conscience and their religion.

The many compulsory means lately employed (and several instances of them within this very diocese not many days since) to drive the Catholic military to Protestant places of worship, alarmed the true friends to the king and his service, and every well-wisher to the peace and quiet of the country. Such unwarrantable steps could not make proselytes of the Catholic military; it might, in time, make them indifferent to all forms of worship, and thereby jacobinize them upon the French scale, and perhaps in the hour of danger, induce them to forget their duty and their loyalty, in order to be revenged of their persecutors.

O how different are the principles of a Catholic soldier, educated in the belief, and living in the full exercise of his religion! He clearly convinces his countrymen, that military valour is not inconsistent with religious piety; but that, on the contrary, they are natural allies. That when called to protect and defend his country, he is fearless and intrepid in the midst of danger; his bosom glowing with this consideration, that his death upon his post, promotes him to a superior post in eternity. The unbeliever, who sees nothing beyond the grave, more naturally shrinks from the danger of his dissolution, or if he seems to assume courage, it is either the brutal insensibility of his temper, or an artificial mask, which he puts on, to screen him from the contempt which is sure to follow cowardice. But the courage and intrepidity of a true Catholic, is the discharge of his duty, is a calm heroic intrepidity, which sees the danger in his road, but sees immortality beyond it. He marches courageously on, sure that if he falls, it is to rise again beyond the grave. But when the unbeliever sees the danger, he sees nothing beyond it, and thinks, that if he falls, that moment puts a final and a fatal period to all his schemes of ambition, of fortune, of pleasure, and that he sinks into eternal night, never-never to rise again. Surely such an impious idea is capable of transmuting even a naturally brave man into a cowardly slave. Let me say all in one sentence. Those sentiments of intrepidity, of fidelity, of honour, which high birth and polished education impress upon those of an elevated sphere in life, cannot be superior to the sentiments of fidelity, of courage, and of honour, which the Catholic religion, if sincerely believed, and piously practised, would inspire into the lowest in the ranks; and who, if his duty calls him, would shew a courage and intrepidity equal to Alexander and Cæsar, and as unsullied loyalty and integrity as those statesmen and generals, who regulate kingdoms, or who defend them.

In all your proceedings, very reverend and dearly beloved brethren, avoid intermixing the politics of the world with the sublime and heavenly maxims of the Catholic religion; they have not the smallest connexion with each other: the one is spiritual,

the other is temporal; the one regards the transitory affairs of this world, the other the eternal affairs of the world to come. As the Catholic faith is a religion preached to all nations, and to all people, so it is suitable to all climes, and all forms of government, monarchies or republics, aristocracies or democracies. Despotic or popular governments are not the concerns of the Catholic faith: it may well suit a small sect to regulate its creed and form of worship, according to the shape and form of government, of the limited boundaries where that sect arose, exists, and dies away. Not so the religion, which the prophet foretold should extend from the rising to the setting sun, which has been propagated and promulgated from Peru to China, from the East to the West Indies, from pole to pole, teaching the same doctrine, administering the same sacraments, and offering up the adorable sacrifice of the Redeemer, wherever man is found, and God adored. It is therefore called the Catholic, or universal religion. It may well suit the laity of your respective districts, to pursue their temporal concerns, and their temporal politics, by such ways as appear to them fair, peaceable, and loyal; and their past conduct is a proof that they are incapable of pursuing them by any other means. If their conduct has always been loyal and peaceable, even in the worst of times; if, even when religious penalties made them total strangers to their native land; if, when the ruling party, with insolence in their looks, and oppression in their hands, ground them down, when some of the most powerful men in the nation declared in the senate, that they hoped to see the day when no Catholic would dare to speak to a Protestant with his hat on; when even the course of justice was perverted, and the channels of it dried up, according to the prejudices and party views of the judges who sat upon the bench, and were paid for the impartial administration of it, by taxes levied upon the oppressed sufferers; yet even in these provoking times, if the body of Catholics remained inflexibly attached to their religion, and to their king, what have you to dread from their proceedings, when not only the judges are equitable and humane, but also a great part of these impolitic religious penalties are removed, and the rest of them in such a state of progress to be totally removed; that however a junto, for their own interested or other sinister views, may raise mobs to try to throw obstacles against the total repeal of them, yet all their efforts must be useless. The vast rock is already detached from the mountain's brow, and whoever opposes its descent and removal, must be crushed by his own rash endeavours. The popery laws are upon the eve of being extinguished for ever; and may no wicked hand ever again attempt to divide this land, by making religious distinctions a mask to divide, to disturb, to oppress it.