21. He wished the successful candidate to be he, but he was not willing to work for him openly.

22. The pride of all the midland counties were broken completely in his downfall.

23. Words of condolence over anothers misfortune come readily to the lips of sympathy.

24. When she was told that it was him her concern in the matter ended.

25. They were very anxious to find out who the committee had chosen.

26. He very warmly expressed his liking for a horse, saying that he preferred it to any other animal.

27. He did that among all the proposed plans which seemed best to him.

28. He was real irritated by our apparent unwillingness to accompany him.

29. There were not hardly any people there, and so they did not have no performance.

30. All along he had suspicioned that his friend was not being true to him.

31. There are not hardly any leaves left on the trees.

32. That is the prettiest watch I most ever saw.

33. He did not give me the rose nor the geranium.

34. The jury were composed largely of friends of the defendant.

35. The work was most done before he came.

36. Such a sort of an explanation was unsatisfactory to every one concerned.

37. The council has agreed upon a proper form for the ordinance and will pass it this evening.

38. To fully understand the situation he knew that he must give it closer attention.

39. We presume it is due largely to the fact that the lamp lighter is forbidden to light the lamps only when instructed to do so by the committee appointed by the mayor.

40. The recent crusade made by the women of Emerson against the merchants of that place selling or giving away to the young boys cigarette papers and cigars might well be imitated by the good ladies of our town.

41. There has been considerable complaint recently on account of the street lamps not being lighted on dark nights. 42. He planned to have studied law a little earlier, but unavoidable hindrances prevented.

43. The commanding officer hadn't ought to have exposed his men so carelessly.

44. The bridge across the river was so frail that to completely rebuild it seemed more economical than to repair it.

45. The horses we bought were so fine a driving team as we ever owned, but they were not as easily managed as we were assured they would be.

46. Neither you or I are prepared to settle that question. 47. He said that he would look after the government's interest in the matter.

48. He said that he had saw the robbing when he done it. 49. The walks on the main street were almost impassable, they being so crowded.

50. When they done so difficult a thing and which no one expected they would do.

51. The Bucentaur was the Doge's boat, who went out in it to drop the ring into the sea.

52. Thousands of buffaloes, united in one great herd, so vast a whole that the eye could hardly perceive its immensity, a single creature in seeming, was going southward.

53. Nobody can have an adequate idea concerning any person or thing which they cannot see and come into contact with.

54. Under such conditions one would not expect the marriage relation to reach very high ethical ground, nor ideal domestic and social conditions.

55. A reward of $10.00 will be paid by the trustees of the High School for the arrest and conviction of the persons who have been, or may in the future, break into the High School building, or who enter the same by stealth.

56. The bridge was said to be very dangerous, which was sufficient occasion for our taking the other road.

57. My memoranda on this matter is at the house.

58. There stood a tall, spare woman, her hair streaked with gray and firm lines about her mouth.

59. He says that he don't understand why you were so

angry.

60. If I was you, I'd not permit it.

61. The two men were much alike in their public characters, but in private life Morris was the most honorable and straightforward.

62. We did not go to see him as the doctor said he felt too bad to receive visitors.

63. We thought we would go across by some trees like the squirrels do.

64. He come up to me on the street and apologized volubly.

65. If you will forgive me forgetting your errand this time, I will be more careful hereafter.

66. Lucy is so prompt in answering letters. Those who once write to her always want to continue the correspondence.

67. He explained the matter, so they let him go. 68. Bertha said that the decorations were just perfectly lovely.

69. Hard work only brings success at last.

70. In doing as he did he followed not only your advice but his own wishes.

71. I will pay $25 for the detection and evidence sufficient to convict the person or persons who stole or killed my English bull terrier, color white, and wearing a plain leather color, weighs about 30 pounds, and answers to the name of Mack.

72. Another fire will catch us some night, in the very place we are not looking for, and then all we can do is stand off and see it burn.

73. We are heartily in favor of, and will do all we can in our weak way, to have the coming session of the legislature enact a law with heavy fines and jail penalties for every person who shoots, entraps, or kills prairie chickens at any season of the year.

74. The walls were tinted white and there were white curtains to the windows.

75. The calm blue vault of heaven is dotted by stars.

76. These apples are not as ripe as those we had yesterday. 77. The ruins of the castle looked like we were told, but in looking off from its highest point we saw a more enchanting prospect than we had been led to expect.

78. It looks like it would rain.

79. We turned the matter over to Dixon & Co., who we had reason to believe in every way reliable.

80. I do not remember of seeing any such book as you speak of there.

81. I wish I knew where that July magazine went to.

82. Without you take the initiative in the matter, there is no hope of us being able to carry it through.

83. There is the boy which I spoke of.

84. If it be advisable, as it certainly is, we need delay no longer.

85. Before igniting a jet of hydrogen it will always be well to make certain that it is not mixed with oxygen.

86. Whoever wishes to have seats on the opening night must get their tickets at once.

87. The pleasure of all present, reflected in countless ways from the sea of faces before them, were enough to repay them for the trouble they had taken.

88. We did not know who the instructions had been given to, nor who we should seek for information.

89. They were real pleased by the hope of release.

CHAPTER XI.

THE FORMS OF DISCOURSE.1

68. What Distinguishes one Form of Writing from Another. In treating of the various qualities that make written discourse effective, rhetoricians have found it convenient to assume an arbitrary division of all writing having literary character into a number of classes, such as Exposition, Argumentation, Description, Narration, and Criticism. It is not often that any composition belongs wholly to any one of these divisions; but discussion of them is made the easier by such division, inasmuch as the qualities that are essential to a good argument are not those required for good description or criticism. Briefly, exposition is an explaining of something, and in it the most important quality is clearness. Argumentation differs from exposition in being an attempt to explain convincingly something about which there may be difference of opinion. Description concerns itself with making clear the appearance of some material thing, and is distinguished from exposition largely by the fact that the use or operation of the thing described is not explained. Narration gives ac

1 The Forms of Discourse are discussed further in Part III.

count of a series of happenings, and the fundamental necessity is that the events shall be vividly presented and that the order of occurrence shall be made clear. Criticism is the expression of opinion concerning literary or artistic productions, and ordinarily attempts to give the tone of the production criticised and to show sufficient reason for the opinions expressed.

69. Description. In describing anything, whether animate or inanimate, the writer's object is to convey to the mind of the reader a mental picture such as exists in his own mind. This may be done by giving details of the thing described, description by inventory, by telling how it appears from different points of view, the traveler's view, or by dwelling upon some chief characteristic of the object, the fundamental image. This last is the method ordinarily to be employed. Things, as well as people, have a certain individuality of their own; and this individuality it is that distinguishes them in our minds from other like objects when the details of form, size, and color are no longer remembered. If, after having seen and read a new face in a passing crowd, we wish to describe that face to some one else, we might speak of the keen eyes, the straight lips, the aquiline nose, giving such details as our memory gathered from so hasty a survey; but the face would be better visualized for the reader if we should call it a face of eagle hardness. This would present our thought more effectively than it could be presented by the greatest fullness of details.