36. The Advantages of Travel.

37. The Effects of Machinery on Manual Labor. 38. Improvements in Agriculture.

39.

The World's Supply of Coal.

40. War and Arbitration.

PARAGRAPHS OF DETACHED STATEMENTS

TO BE COM

BINED INTO SENTENCES WITH PROPER SUBORDINATION OF CLAUSES.

A few weeks ago the Amherst College freshmen and sophomores had a "rush." One of their number was seriously injured.・ It was feared that he might not live. The next morning the students voted that the custom should cease. They voted that something less dangerous should take its place. President Harris had given them one of his quiet, unimpassioned talks. One young man at the bottom of a cane rush last week was suffocated to death. This was at the Institute of Technology in Boston. This was a very sad event. It affected the whole body of students, and the new president, Dr. Pritchett. We do not condemn contests between colleges or classes. They should not endanger life. If they do they should be abolished. Superiority may be decided in many other ways. It is not necessary to set two or three hundred men to pounding and fighting and tumbling on

each other.

2. There are many various departments of painting. Of these many do not presume to make such high pretensions. None of them are without merit. There is a great uni<versal pervading idea of the art. With this none of them come into competition. There are painters who have applied themselves more particularly to low and vulgar characters. They express with precision the various shades of passion as they are exhibited by vulgar minds. This we see in the works of Hogarth. They deserve great praise. Their genius has been employed on low and confined subjects. The praise that we give must then be as limited as its object. The merry-making or quarreling of the boors of Teniers is excellent in its kind. So also is the same sort of productions of Brouwer or Ostade. The excellence and its praise will be in proportion, as, in those limited subjects and peculiar forms, they introduce more or less of those passions as they

appear in general and more enlarged natures. This principle may be applied to the battle-pieces of Bourgognone. It is true of the French gallantries of Watteau. It even goes beyond the exhibition of animal life. It is applicable to the landscapes of Claude Lorraine, and the seaviews of Vandewelde. All these painters have, in general, the same right, in different degrees, to the name of a painter. It is the right which a satirist, an epigrammatist, a sonnetteer, a writer of pastorals or descriptive poetry, has to that of a poet.

3. The oldest steam engine in the world belongs to the Birmingham Canal Navigation Company. It was constructed by Bolton and Watt. It was constructed in the year 1777. The order was entered in the firm's books in that year. It was a single-acting beam engine. It had chains at the end of a wood beam. It had a steam cylinder of thirtytwo inches diameter. The stroke was eight feet. It was erected at the canal company's pumping-station at Rolfe Street, Southwick. This remarkable old engine has been regularly at work from the time of its erection to the current year. That is a period of 120 years. During the present year it was removed to the canal company's station at Ocker Hill, Tipton. There it was to be reërected. It is preserved as a relic of what can be done by good management when dealing with machinery of undoubted quality. The Birmingham Canal Company favored Bolton and Watt in 1777. They gave them the order for this engine. This is worthy of note. They have intrusted the same firm, James Watt and Co., Soho, Southwick, with the manufacture of two new engines. They are to be erected at the Walsall pumping-station. They are to have 240 horse-power. Their pumping capacity will 12,713,600 gallons per day.

PARAGRAPHS CONTAINING WORDS IN ITALICS FOR WHICH OTHERS ARE TO BE SUBSTITUTED, WITH REASON FOR THE CHANGE.

The three vessels had been swinging swiftly westward, the cog still well to the fore, although the galleys were slowly gathering in upon either quarter. To the left was a severe skyline, unbroken by a sail. The island already laid like a cloud behind them, while directly in front was St. Albans Head, with Portland looming indistinctly in the distance. Alleyne stood

by the tiller, gazing backward, the fresh wind straight in his teeth, the crisp winter air tingling on his countenance and blowing his golden curls from under his bassinet. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes sparkling, for the blood of a hundred quarreling Saxon ancestors was beginning to move in his veins.

A. CONAN DOYLE: The White Company.

The unterrified youth took the bitter sentence with resignation that excited every heart but Manfred's. He wished zealously to know the import of the words he had heard referring to the Princes; but dreading to inflame the tyrant more towards her he ceased. The only favor he stooped to ask was, that he might be allowed to have a confessor, and make his reconciliation with heaven. Manfred, who hoped by the confessor's means to arrive at the youth's history, readily allowed his request; and being assured that Father Jerome was now in his cause, he ordered him to be called and shrive the prisoner. The sacred man who had little foretold the calamity that his imprudence produced, fell on his knees to the Prince and conjured him in the most serious way, not to shed guiltless blood. He accused himself in the bitterest words for his indiscretion, attempted to disculpate the youth, and left no way untried to ameliorate the tyrant's rage. Manfred, more enraged than appeased by Jerome's intervention, whose retraction now made him surmise he had been imposed upon by both, commanded the Friar to do his duty, telling him that he would not permit the prisoner many minutes for confession.

HORACE WALPOLE: The Castle of Otranto.

These myths or current tales, the natural and first growth of the Grecian mind, composed at the same time the entire mental stock of the time to which they belonged. They are the common origin of all those different branches into which the mental activity of the Greeks subsequently separated; containing, as it were, the preface and germ of the positive history and philosophy, the dogmatic theology, and pretended romance, which we shall hereafter trace, each in its individual development. They gave food to the curiosity, and satisfaction to the uncertain doubts and aspirations of the age; they explained the origin of those manners and standing strangenesses with which men were familiar; they impressed moral lessons, awakened national sympathies, and exposed in detail, the shadowy, but anxious foreseeing of the vulgar as to the interference of the gods; moreover, they fulfilled that craving for adventure and appetite for the wonderful which has in modern ages become the province of fiction proper.

It is hard, we may say impossible, for a man of mature years to bring back his mind to his thoughts such as they stood when he was a child, growing instinctively out of his imagination and emotions, working upon a meagre stock of matter, and loaning from authorities whom he blindly followed but incompletely knew. A like difficulty occurs when we endeavor to place ourselves in the historical and quasi-philosophical position of sight which the old myths show to us. We can follow exactly the imagination and feeling which dictated these narratives, and we can admire and sympathize with them as active, sublime, and moving poetry; but we are too much used to matter of fact and philosophy of a certain sort to be able to apprehend a time when these beautiful fantasies were understood literally and taken as sober reality.

GEORGE GROTE: History of Greece.

Though he was like his father in none of that father's greater characteristics, he was like him in being worthy of no confidence. When he sent that letter to the Parliament, from Breda, he did positively promise that all earnest religious opinions should be respected. Yet he was no sooner strong in his power than he agreed to one of the worst acts Parliament ever passed. Under this statute, every minister who should not yield his solemn consent to the prayer-book by a certain day was announced to be a minister no longer, and to be robbed of his church. The result of this was, that some two thousand honest men were taken from their audiences, and reduced to dire poorness and distress. It was succeeded by another outrageous law, called the Conventicle Act, by which any person above the age of sixteen who was present at any pious service not according to the prayer-book, was to be imprisoned three months for the first violation, six for the second, and to be transported for the third. This act alone filled the prisons, which were then most awful dungeons, to overflowing. CHAS. DICKENS: Child's History of England.

EXPOSITORY THEMES ΤΟ BE OUTLINED WITH REFERENCE TO ARRANGEMENT AND PROPORTION.

1. Alchemy and Chemistry.

2. The Pedigree of Words.

3. At what Point in Education should Specialization Begin. 4. The Heal School.

5. College Athletics.

6. The Effect of the Drama on Society.

7. Wireless Telegraphy.

8. The Kindergarten Principle.

9. Why We Should Study Mythology.

10. Sir Thomas More's Educational Theories.

II. The Mound Builders.

12. The Druids.

13. The Cotton Gin.

14. How the Water Runs the Mill.

15. A Paternal Government.

16. The Australian Ballot System.

17. The Spanish Armada.

18. Vulcanizing Rubber.

19. The City Street Railroad System.

20. The Constitution of the English Parliament.

ARGUMENTATIVE SUBJECTS TO BE OUTLINED IN PROPER

ORDER.

1. Should "Pupil Government" be introduced into our schools?

2. Should churches and colleges accept gifts from millionaires who have made their money by means generally accounted dishonest?

3. Should the presidential term be extended?

4. Should representatives vote according to their own convictions or according to the desire of their constituents?

5. Should the Government own and control the railways? 6. Does life offer greater opportunities than a century ago or not?

7. Should senators be elected by direct vote of the people? 8. Are large department stores an injury to the country? Should the United States own and control the Nicaragua Canal?

9.

10. Is the average daily paper an injury to the reader or not? 11. Are sumptuary laws ever necessary?

12. Is immigration detrimental to the United States?

13. Should the United States cultivate especially friendly relations with England?

14. Should a man be qualified to vote if he cannot read?

15. Should eight hours constitute a day's labor?

16. Should fish be caught with a seine?

17. Should high schools be maintained at the public expense? 18. Is an exclusively vegetable diet healthful?

19. Should education be made compulsory?