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7

OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE AGE OF THE

ANTONINES.

Idea of a Monarchy,..

Situation of Augustus,.

He reforms the Senate,....

Resigns his usurped Power,

Is prevailed upon to resume it under the Title of Emperor, or

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76

77

Division of the Provinces between the Emperor and the Senate, 78

The former preserves his military Command, and Guards, in

Rome itself,................................

Consular and Tribunitian Powers,

Imperial Prerogatives,

The Magistrates,

The Senate,

.....

......

General Idea of the Imperial System,.

Court of the Emperors,

..........

Adoption and Character of Trajan,

Image of Liberty for the People,......................

Attempts of the Senate after the Death of Caligula,

Image of Government for the Armies,

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91

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96

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Adoption of the elder and younger Verus,

138-180. Adoption of the two Antonines,

Character and Reign of Pius,

Character and Reign of Marcus,.

Its precarious Nature,....

Memory of Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, and Domitian,
Peculiar Misery of the Romans under their Tyrants,.
Insensibility of the Orientals,..

Knowledge and free Spirit of the Romans,....

Extent of their Empire left them no Place of Refuge,......

CHAPTER IV.

THE CRUELTY, FOLLIES, AND MURDER OF COMMODUS. — ELECTION OF

PERTINAX.- HIS ATTEMPTS TO REFORM THE STATE. HIS ASSASSIN-

ATION BY THE PRETORIAN GUARDS.

180. Accession of the Emperor Commodus,.

Character of Commodus,

His Return to Rome,....

183. Is wounded by an Assassin,..

Hatred and Cruelty of Commodus towards the Senate,

The Quintilian Brothers,....

Conspiracy of his Domestics,

192. Death of Commodus,

..............................

Choice of Pertinax for Emperor,......

He is acknowledged by the Prætorian Guards,

193. And by the Senate,......

.....

The Memory of Commodus declared infamous,..

Legal Jurisdiction of the Senate over the Emperors,.

Virtues of Pertinax,.....

He endeavors to reform the State,

His Regulations, ....

His Popularity,........

Discontent of the Prætorians,

A Conspiracy prevented,......

193. Murder of Pertinax by the Prætorians,

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CHAPTER V.

PUBLIC SALE OF THE EMPIRE TO DIDIUS JULIANUS BY THE PRETO-

RIAN GUARDS. — CLODIUS ALBINUS IN BRITAIN, PESCENNIUS NIGER

IN SYRIA, AND SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS IN PANNONIA, DECLARE AGAINST

THE MURDERERS OF PERTINAX. — CIVIL WARS AND VICTORY OF SEVE-

RUS OVER HIS THREE RIVALS. RELAXATION OF DISCIPLINE.NEW

MAXIMS OF GOVERNMENT.

Proportion of the Military Force to the Number of the People, 124

The Prætorian Guards,

The Armies of Britain, Syria, and Pannonia declare against

Julian,......

Clodius Albinus in Britain,

Pescennius Niger in Syria,..

Is condemned and executed by Order of the Senate,

Disgrace of the Prætorian Guards,

Funeral and Apotheosis of Pertinax,

198-197. Success of Severus against Niger and against Albinus,

Conduct of the two Civil Wars,

Arts of Severus,.....

CHAPTER VI.

THE DEATH OF SEVERUS. —TYRANNY OF CARACALLA. - USURPATION OP

MACRINUS.FOLLIES OF ELAGABALUS. — VIRTUES OF ALEXANDER

SEVERUS. LICENTIOUSNESS OF THE ARMY. GENERAL STATE OF

THE ROMAN FINANCES.