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done any act, matter or thing in this act prohibited or declared to be unlawful, or who shall aid or abet therein, or shall willfully omit or fail to do any act, matter or thing in this act required to be done, or shall cause or willfully suffer or permit any act, matter or thing so directed or required by this act to be done, not to be so done, or shall aid or abet such omission or failure, or shall be guilty of any infraction of this act, or shall aid or abet therein, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction thereof be fined in any sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the jail of the county not exceeding six months, or both, in the discretion of the court; and shall moreover be liable to the suit of the party injured or damaged. § 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its publication in the official paper.

Approved March 5, 1887.

Published in the official state paper March 17, 1887.

GENERAL STATUTES 1889.

AN ACT to declare unlawful trusts and combinations in restraint of trade and products, and to provide penalties therefor.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas, § 359. Trusts.-That all arrangements, contracts, agreements, trusts or combinations between persons or corporations made with a view or which tend to prevent full and free competition in the importation, transportation or sale of articles imported into this state, or in the product, manufacture or sale of articles of domestic growth or product of domestic raw material or for the loan or use of money, or to fix attorneys or doctors' fees, and all arrangements, contracts, agreements, trusts or combinations between persons or corporations designed or which tend to advance, reduce or control the price or the cost to the producer or to the consumer of any such products or articles, or to control the cost or rate of insurance, or which tend to advance or control the rate of interest for the loan or use of money to the borrower, or any other services, are hereby declared to be against public policy, unlawful and void.

§ 360. Corporations.-It shall not be lawful for any corporation to issue or to own trust certificates, other than the regular and lawfully authorized stock thereof, or for any corporation, agent, officer or employes, or the directors or stockholders of any corporation, to enter into any combination,

contract or agreement with any person or persons, corporation or corporations, or with any stockholder or director thereof, the purpose and effect of which combination, contract or agreement shall be to place the management or control of such combination or combinations, or the manufactured product thereof, in the hands of any trustee or trustees, with the intent to limit and fix the price or lessen the production and sale of any article of commerce, use, or consumption, or to prevent, restrict or diminish the manufacture or output of any such article.

§ 361. That all persons entering into any such arrangement, contract, agreement, trust, or combination, or who shall, after the passage of this act, attempt to carry out or act under any such arrangement, contract, agreement, trust or combination described in sections one or two of this act, either on his own account or as agent or attorney for another, or as an officer, agent or stockholder in any corporation, or as a trustee, committee, or in any capacity whatever, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be subject to a fine of not less than one hundred dollars and not more than one thousand dollars, and to imprisonment not less than thirty days and not more than six months, or to both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

§ 362. Persons injured. That any person or corporation injured or damaged by any such arrangement, contract, agreement, trust or combination described in sections one or two of this act, may sue for and recover in any court of competent jurisdiction in this state, of any person or corporation, the full consideration or sum paid by him for any goods, wares, merchandise and articles included in or advanced or controlled in price by said combination, or the full amount of money so borrowed.

§ 363. Action; defense. That when an action at law or suit in equity shall be commenced in any court of this state, it shall be lawful in the defense thereof to plead in bar or in abatement that the plaintiff or any other person interested in the prosecution of the case is a member or agent of an unlawful combination as described in sections one or two of this act, or that the cause of action grows out of such combination, or out of some business or transaction thereof. § 364. Violation. That the purchase, sale or manufacture of any goods, wares, merchandise or other commodities of this state of any person or corporation who has entered into

any such arrangements, contracts, agreements, trusts or combinations in any other state or territory, as described in sections one or two of this act, or the purchase, sale or manufacture of any such articles by any agent or attorney for such person, or as an agent, officer or stockbroker of any such corporation, as a trustee, committee, or in any capacity whatever, shall constitute a violation of this act, and shall subject the offender to the aforesaid liabilities and penalties.

§ 365. County attorney.-It shall be the duty of the county attorneys to diligently prosecute any and all persons violating any of the provisions of this act in their respective counties. If any county attorney shall fail, neglect or refuse to faithfully perform any duty imposed upon him by this act, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned in the county jail not less than ten nor more than ninety days; and such conviction shall operate as a forfeiture of his office, and the court before whom such conviction may be had shall order and adjudge such forfeiture of office, in addition to the fine imposed as herein provided. That whenever the county attorney shall be unable or shall neglect or refuse to enforce provisions of this act in his county, or for any reason whatever the provisions of this act shall not be enforced in any county, it shall be the duty of the attorney-general to enforce the same in such county, and for that purpose he may appoint as many assistants as he shall see fit, and he and his assistants shall be authorized to sign, verify and file all such complaints, opinions, petitions and papers, as the county attorney is authorized to sign, verify, or file, and to do and perform any act that the county attorney might lawfully do or perform; and for such services he or his assistants shall receive the same fee that the county attorney would be entitled to for like services, to be taxed and collected in the same manner.

§ 366. Sheriffs, duty of.-It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, deputy-sheriffs, constables, mayors, marshals, police judges and police officers of any city or town, having notice or knowledge of any violation of the provisions of this act, to notify the county attorney of the fact of such violation, and to furnish him the names of any witness within his knowledge by whom such violation can be proven. If any such officer

shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section he shall upon conviction, be fined in any sum not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars; and such conviction shall be a forfeiture of the office held by such person, and the court before whom such conviction is had shall, in addition to the imposition of the fine aforesaid, order and adjudge the forfeiture of his said office.

§ 367. District courts, duty of.-It shall be the duty of the district courts to instruct the grand juries especially as to the provisions of this act.

All laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. This act shall take effect and be enforced from and after its publication in the official state paper.

Approved March 2, 1889. Published March 9, 1899. [Laws of 1889, Chapter 257.]

LAWS OF 1897, CHAP. 265.

PROHIBITING TRUSTS.

AN ACT defining and prohibiting trusts, providing procedure to enforce the provisions of this act, and providing penalties for violations of the provisions of this act.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas,

§ 1. A trust is a combination of capital, skill, or acts, by two or more persons, firms, corporations, or association of persons, or either two or more of them, for either, any or all of the following purposes: First.-To create or carry out restrictions in trade or commerce or aids to commerce, or to carry out restrictions in the full and free pursuit of any business authorized or permitted by the laws of this state. Second. To increase or reduce the price of merchandise, produce or commodities, or to control the cost or rates of insurance. Third.-To prevent competition in the manufacture, making, transportation, sale or purchase of merchandise, produce or commodities, or to prevent competition in aids to commerce. Fourth. To fix any standard or figure, whereby its price to the public shall be, in any manner, controlled or established, any article or commodity of merchandise, produce or commerce intended for sale, use or consumption in this state. Fifth.-To make or enter into, or execute or carry out, any contract, obligation or agreement

of any kind or description by which they shall bind or have to bind themselves not to to sell, manufacture, dispose of or transport any article or commodity, or article of trade, use, merchandise, commerce or consumption below a common standard figure or by which they shall agree in any manner to keep the price of such article, commodity or transportation at a fixed or graded figure, or by which they shall in any manner establish or settle the price of any article or commodity or transportation between them or themselves and others, to preclude a free and unrestricted competition among themselves or others in transportation, sale or manufacture of any such article or commodity, or by which they shall agree to pool, combine or unite any interest they may have in connection with the manufacture, sale or transportation of any such article or commodity, that its price may in any manner be affected. And any such combinations are hereby declared to be against public policy, unlawful and void.

§ 2. All persons, companies, or corporations, within this state are hereby denied the right to form or to be in any manner interested, either directly or indirectly, as principal, agent, representative, consignee or otherwise in any trust as defined in section one of this act.

§ 3. Any corporation, holding a charter under the laws of the state of Kansas which shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall thereby forfeit its charter and franchise, and its corporate existence shall cease and determine. And any stockholder, director, officer, agent, representative or consignee of any such corporations shall be subject to the penalties herein prescribed.

§ 4. For a violation of any of the provisions of this act by any corporation, or any of its officers or agents mentioned herein, it shall be the duty of the attorney-general of the state, or county attorney of any county in which said violation may occur, or either of them, upon his own motion, to institute an action in any court in this state having jurisdiction thereof, for the forfeiture of the charter, rights and franchise of such corporation, and the dissolution of its corporate existence.

§ 5. Every person, company or corporation within or without this state, their officers, agents, representatives or consignees, violating any of the provisions of this act, within this state, are hereby denied the right, and are hereby prohibited from doing any business within this state, and all

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