and

Cotton Goods.-There were 177 establishments engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods, including cotton small wares, in 1900, with 92,515 wage earners, and products valued at $111,125,175. In 1890 there were 187 establishments, 75,544 wage earners, who received $32,478,697 in wages, products were valued at $100,202,882. The increase in the value of products during the decade was $10,922,293, or 10.9 per cent. The total number of spindles in the cotton industry of the state in 1900 was 7,784,687, as against 5,824,518 in 1890, an increase of 1,960,169, or 33.7 per cent. This was 40.6 per cent of the total increase in the United States. The looms in 1900 aggregated 179,582, as compared with 133,227 in 1890, an increase of 34.9 per cent. In 1900 Massachusetts had 41 per cent of all spindles and 39.8 per cent of all looms employed in the cotton factories of the United States. The state was first in rank among the United States in the manufacture of cotton goods, having held that position since the beginning of the industry in this country. In 1900 the value of the products of its cotton mills was 33.2 per cent of the value of all the cotton goods manufactured in the United States; the corresponding percentage for South Carolina, the state second in rank, was 8.9.

The production of the finer kinds of cotton goods shows a gratifying increase. Fancy woven fabrics increased from 59,061,558 square yards in 1890 to 137,046,111 square yards in 1900, or 132.1 per cent, while in the United States exclusive of Massachusetts the increase was only 47.5 per cent. Of the 268,852,716 square yards of napped fabrics made in the United States in 1900 Massachusetts produced 137,199,384 square yards, or 51 per cent. Although the increase in the state in ticks,

denims and stripes was slight-from 61,192,423 to 63,794,395 square yards, or 4.3 per cent-the increase in the United States, exclusive of Massachusetts, yas only two per cent. The increase in the production of cotton duck in the state was from 6,174,332 to 17,903,597 square yards, or 190 per cent. Of twills and sateens made in the United States in 1900, Massachusetts produced 86,668,240 square yards, or 36.7 per cent. The manufacture of ginghams decreased in the state and only slightly increased in United States. The production of print cloths increased from 610,200,536 square yards in 1890 to 927,405,189 square yards in 1900, or 52 per cent, and this quantity was 58.6 per cent of all the print cloths made in the United States. In corduroy, cotton velvet and plushes, and mosquito and other nettings, not reported in 1890, the quantity produced in Massachusetts reached in 1900 an aggregate of nearly 4,000,000 square yards.

Worsted Goods.-There were fortyfive establishments engaged in the manufacture of worsted goods in 1900, with 18,867 wage earners (who received $7,055,585 in wages), and products were valued at $40,557,363. In 1890 there were thirty-three establishments, 11,835 wage earners, and products valued at $21,933,775. The increase in the value of products during the decade was $18,623,588, or 84.9 per cent. In 1900 Massachusetts led all the other states in the manufacture of worsted goods, and for the first time the value of the products of the worsted mills exceeded that of the products of the woolen mills. The increase in the manufacture of worsted goods in the United States for the decade ending with 1900 was so great that the total value of products was $1,884,186 more than the total value of products of the woolen mills, although in 1890 the value of the products of the woolen mills exceeded that of the worsted mills by $54,383,325. The capital has more than doubled since 1890, increasing from $21,204,909 to $45,790,300, or 115.9 per cent. In 1900 70,078,969 square yards of cloth were made in

its worsted mills, which was an increase from 43,579,321 square yards in 1890, or 60.8 per cent. Of worsted coatings, etc., 21,189,544 square yards; of linings, etc., 6,309,534 square yards; and of worsted dress goods 13,026,286 square yards. The increase in number of spindles in worsted mills was from 204,510 in 1890 to 429,526 in 1900; and in number of looms from 6,488 to 9,584. In 1900 the state was first in the country in number of combing machines, and second in carding machines.

Woolen Goods.-There were 131 establishments engaged in the manufacture of woolen goods in 1900, with 17,717 wage earners, and products valued at $30,888,104. In 1890 there were 165 establishments, 19,452 wage earners and products valued at $35,771,161. The decrease in the value of products during the decade was $4,883,057, or 13.7 per cent. The total wages paid was $6,823,051.

Dyeing and Finishing.-There were thirty-seven establishments engaged in the dyeing and finishing of textiles in 1900, with 4,678 wage earners, and the work done was valued at $8,868,290. In 1890 there were thirty-three establishments and 4,270 wage earners, and the work done was valued at $6,496,215. During the decade the increase in value of work done was $2,372,075, or 36.5 per cent. Wages paid in 1900, $2,081,015.

Carpets and Rugs.-There were eight establishments engaged in the manufacture of carpets and rugs, other than rag, in 1900, with 4,480 wage earners (who were paid $1,720,289), and products valued at $6,966,237. In 1890 there were seven establishments, 5,109 wage earners, and products valued at $7,275,009. The decrease in the value of products during the decade was $308,772, or 4.2 per cent.

Hosiery and and Knit Goods.-There were fifty-four establishments engaged in the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods in 1900, with 6,667 wage earners, and products valued at $6,620,257. In 1890 there were seventy-four establishments, 4,562 wage earners, and products valued at $5,082,087. The increase in

the values of products during the decade was $1,538,170, or 30.3 per cent. Wages paid in 1900 $2,091,258.

Silk Goods.-There were twenty establishments engaged in the manufacture of silk and silk goods in 1900, with 3,110 wage earners, and products valued at $5,957,532. In 1890 there were twenty establishments, 2,993 wage earners, and products valued at $5,557,569. The increase in the value of products during the decade was $399,963, or 7.2 per cent. Wages paid in 1900, $1,110,324.

Felt Goods.-There were seven establishments engaged in the manufacture of felt goods in 1900, with 464 wage carners, and products valued at $1,526,830. In 1890 there were seven establishments, 326 wage earners, and products valued at $918,890. The increase in the value of products during the decade was $607,940, or 66.2 per cent. Wages paid in 1900, $180,795.

Shoddy.-There were twenty-nine establishments engaged in the manufacture of shoddy in 1900, with 307 wage earners, and products valued at $988,189. In 1890 there were twenty-nine establishments, 406 wage earners, and products valued at $1,614,459. The decrease in the value of products during the decade was $626,270, or 38.8 per cent. Wages paid in 1900, $127,715.

OTHER LEADING MANUFACTURES.

Boots and Shoes.-The factory manufacture of boots and shoes ranks second among the industries of the state, with 640 establishments, 58,654 wage earners (who were paid $27,745,820 in wages), and products valued at $117,115,243. In 1890 there were 1,057 establishments, 67,374 wage earners (who received $32,379,899 in wages), and products valued at $116,387,900. This shows an increase in the value of products during the decade of only six-tenths of one per cent. Allied to the factory manufacture of boots and shoes is the manufacture of boot and shoe cut stock, with 270 establishments, 4,390 wage earners (who were paid $1,699,807 in wages), and products valued at $18,238,922.

Paper Manufactures.-There were 93

establishments engaged in the manufacture of paper and wood pulp in 1900, with 9,061 wage earners (who were paid $3,938,400), and products valued at $22,141,461. In 1890 there were 85 establishments, 7,817 wage earners, and products valued at $21,524,173. In fine writing papers Massachusetts produces 71.1 per cent of the total manufacture of the country, and 22.1 per cent of all the book paper.

Clothing.-There were 313 establishments engaged in the factory manufacture of clothing in 1900, with 6,776 wage earners (who were paid $2,505,280), and products valued at $15,032,604. In 1890 there were 265 establishments, with 8,608 wage earners, and products valued at $23,106,164. Thus the value of products during the decade decreased 34.9 per cent.

Lumber.-There were were 696 establishments engaged in the manufacture of lumber in 1900, with 5,202 wage earners (who were paid $2,559,154), and products valued at $12,818,511. In 1890 there were 652 establishments, 6,519 wage earners, and products valued at $13,323,708.

Jewelry. The state ranks third in the manufacture of jewelry, with 138 establishments, 5,696 wage earners (who were paid $2,780,993), and products valued at $10,315,334. In 1890 there were 106 establishments, 3,503 wage earners, and products valued at $5,507,415.

Cordage and Twine.-There were 19 establishments in 1900, with 3,303 wage earners, and products valued at $9,635,571; in 1890, 32 establishments, 3,357 wage earners, and products valued at $10,510,530.

Carriages and Wagons.-In 1900, 388 establishments, 3,164 wage earners, wages paid $1,709,164, and value of products $6,118,121. In 1890, 430 establishments, 4,131 wage earners, and value of products $7,607,869-a decrease of 19.6 per cent.

Furniture.--In 1900, 120 establishments, 6,092 wage earners, wages $2,925,331, and value of product $11,244,503. In 1890, 136 establishments, 3,410

wage earners, and value of product $6,166,522.

Iron and Steel.-In 1900, 8 establishments, 6,125 wage earners, wages $3,408,827, and value of products $13,491,159. In 1890, 15 establishments, 5,210 wage earners, and value of products 20.4 per $11,210,149--an increase of cent in value.

Foundry and Machine Shop Products. -In 1900, 825 establishments, 32,234 wage earners, wages paid $17,862,854, and products valued at $56,290,159. In 1890, 711 establishments, 23,379 wage earners, and products valued at $38,906,680-an increase of 44.7 per cent in value.

The following table shows the number of establishments and value of products in many important industries. in 1900, not included in the foregoing

summary:

Agricultural implements Awnings, tents, etc.

Brass castings, etc.

Establishments.

Product.

9

$524,789

75

Baskets

34

Belting and hose, leather

17

Belting and hose, linen

3

241,751

Belting and hose, rubber

4

Blacking

48

1,573,025

Boxes, fancy and paper

95

4,145,292

48

2,995,062

"THE TRUE TARIFF POLICY."

[Congressman Newlands of Nevada.]

All our fiscal arrangements should be clear, certain and stable. Our taxes should not be varied from time to time according to the judgment of the treaty-making power. They should remain certain, the same to all the peoples of the world and to all like products throughout the world; they should not be varied from year to year by the treaty-making power, thus varying our revenue itself, making that a matter of uncertainty and our governmental operations a matter of uncertainty or diminishing our revenue from customs, and thus forcing from time to time reprisals upon the people of this country through our internal-revenue system in order to maintain the revenue essential for the operations of the government.

The motto of this country should be "one boundary for the Republic, including its possessions, free trade within that boundary, and absolutely impartial trade with all the nations of the world outside of it." That is the only kind of a policy that will promote friendliness at home and will prevent enmity and suspicion and distrust abroad.

OUR INVASION OF SOUTH

AFRICA.

"Our Invasion of South Africa," by J. G. Stowe, ex-United States ConsulGeneral at Cape Town, published in the New York Times Financial Supplement of May 4, gives us the following facts:

Our total exports to South Africa in 1901 amounted to about $27,000,000, the increase over 1900 being 37 per cent. Until 1901, we sent only non-competing goods, such as flour, cereals, meats, etc., but 1901 shows the following among other increases in shipments of goods which compete with British manufactures: Locomotives $250,000, machinery $390,000, hardware $150,000, metals $200,000, pipes and fittings $150,000, telephone and electrical machinery and appliances $130,000. Without army supplies, the total imports into the Transvaal in 1901 were only $15,000,000 as against $65,000,000 for the year before the war. In December, 1901, American imports were $165,000 over December, 1900, and fourteen out of thirty-four varieties made up the increase, namely, typewriters, fruits, meats, lard, butter, tobacco, lumber, horses, etc.

Natal Colony, the first to suffer by the war, is prosperous, and contemplates an expenditure of $25,000,000 for public works and service. $3,000,000 of it will be for railways, $2,000,000 for locomotives and rolling stock, and $2,500,000 already voted for bridges, telegraph, water supply and electric lighting.

In Cape Colony several electric lighting plants are to be built, street railways extended, and in Johannesburg $3,000,000 is to be spent on an electric street railway. The Boer government always objected to electric street railways because "it would stop the sale of horses." New outfits will be needed for nearly all of the mines to bring them up to date.

"With the close of the war," says Mr. Stowe, "South Africa will receive an impetus that will astonish the world."

In 1901, we sent in, as new competing articles, $500,000 worth of locks, hinges, nails, tacks, stoves and ranges, tools, pipes and fittings. In June, 1901, we began to regain our South African trade in pipes and fittings which we lost by the extraordinary advance in prices in 1900. It is surprising, but it is a fact, that American brooms and brushes are an increasing item of import. Typewriters of our make to the value of $100,000 were bought for South Africa in 1901, against $36,000 in 1900. After giving a tabulation of American goods imported in 1900 and 1901, Mr. Stowe closes by saying: "I realize as few can who have not lived in South Africa and aided in the upbuilding of American trade, to what extent the United States I will be benefited when South Africa is opened to immigration, the lands tilled, new mines opened, and the great North (Rhodesia) with its copper, gold, coal and other minerals developed." As commercial invaders the world over, we are making it pay.

WALTER J. BALLARD.

There is no human being who objects to a trust, provided only he is in it himself. And most of us are in them. Every man who has a savings bank account or carries insurance on his life or his house is very likely to be drawing dividends from some great trust which he habitually abuses. If we knew more about the intricacies of business, everyday discussion would be far less foolish. There is no nationality in trusts and no politics.-San Francisco Chronicle.

The home market would be very much larger if even as much pains were taken to find out how its capacity could be developed as is taken to study the possibilities of the foreign market. Our increased prominence in the world at large means increased dangers of a kind that we need not fear if we have a contented population at home; but they are very serious dangers, indeed, if the masses of our people are ignored by those who prosper on our foreign trade.-New York Press.