tions of a comprehensive and practical character based upon the particular requirements of the kinds of work to be done, shall be graded in such manner as the board may deem expedient, and shall receive such salaries as the board, with the approval of the governor and council, may fix.

Joint Board Rulings shall prevail. SECTION 10. If any rule or regulation made under authority of section eighteen of Part IV of chapter seven hundred and fifty-one of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and eleven conflicts with or differs from a rule or regulation of the joint board, the rule or regulation of the joint board shall prevail.

Annual Estimate of Expenses.-SECTION 11. There may be expended annually by the joint board in carrying out the provisions of this act such sums as the general court may appropriate. The joint board shall annually submit to the auditor of the commonwealth such statements of estimates to cover its expenses as are required by section three of chapter seven hundred and nineteen of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and twelve.

Definitions.'-SECTION 12. The following terms and phrases, as used in this act, shall have the following meanings:

(a) The term " employment" shall mean and include any trade, occupation or branch of industry, any particular method or process used therein, and the service of any particular employer; but shall not include private domestic service or service as a farm laborer.

(b) The phrase "place of employment" shall mean and include every place whether indoors or out or underground and the premises appurtenant thereto, into, in or upon which any employee goes or remains either temporarily or regularly in the course of his employment.

(c) The terms "safe" and "safety", as used in this act, shall be held to relate to such freedom from danger to the life, safety and health of employees as the nature of the employment will reasonably permit.

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(d) The terms "industrial disease" and occupational disease" shall mean and include any ailment or disease caused by the nature, circumstances or conditions of the employment.

1 (Also see General, page 96.)

Penalty for Violation.- SECTION 13. Whoever violates any reasonable rule, regulation, order or requirement made by the joint board under authority hereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars for each offence.

Repeal of Inconsistent Acts. - SECTION 14. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed; but this provision shall not be construed to take away any of the existing powers of the industrial accident board, the board of railroad commissioners, the state board of health, the board of boiler rules, the boiler inspection department of the district police, or the building inspection department of the district police, or any power given to the state board of labor and industries by chapter seven hundred and twenty-six of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and twelve.

MINORS.

EDUCATION.

Revised Laws, Chapter 44, Section 1, amended by Acts of 1905, Chapter 320, by Acts of 1906, Chapter 383, by Acts of 1913, Chapter 779, Section 1, and by Acts of 1915, Chapter 81 (General).

Compulsory School Attendance for Children of Certain Ages. SECTION 1. Every child between seven and fourteen years of age, every child under sixteen years of age who does not possess such ability to read, write and spell in the English language as is required for the completion of the fourth grade of the public schools of the city or town in which he resides, and every child under sixteen years of age who has not received an employment certificate as provided in this act and is not engaged in some regular employment or business for at least six hours per day or has not the written permission of the superintendent of schools of the city or town in which he resides to engage in profitable employment at home, shall attend a public day school in said city or town or some other day school approved by the school committee, during the entire time the public schools are in session, subject to such exceptions as are provided for in sections four, five and six of this chapter and in section three of chapter forty-two of the Revised Laws, as amended by chapter four hundred and thirty-three of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and two, and by chapter five hundred and thirty-seven of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and eleven; but such attendance shall not be required of a child whose physical or mental condition is such as to render attendance inexpedient or impracticable, or who is being otherwise instructed in a manner approved in advance by the superintendent of schools or the school committee. The superintendent of schools, or teachers in so far as authorized by said superintendent or by the school committee, may excuse cases of necessary absence for other causes not exceeding seven day sessions or fourteen half-day sessions in any period of six months. For the purposes of this section, school committees shall approve a private school only when the instruction in all the studies required by law is in the English language, and when they are sat

isfied that such instruction equals in thoroughness and efficiency, and in the progress made therein, the instruction in the public schools in the same city or town; but they shall not refuse to approve a private school on account of the religious teaching therein.

SECTION 2. Every person having under his control a child as described in section one shall cause him to attend school as therein required, and, if he fails for seven day sessions or fourteen halfday sessions within any period of six months while such control obtains, to cause such child so to attend school, he shall, upon complaint by an attendance officer and conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than twenty dollars, and no physical or mental condition which is capable of correction, or which renders the child a fit subject for special instruction at public charge in institutions other than public day schools, shall avail as defence under the provisions of this or the preceding section, unless it shall be made to appear that the defendant has employed all reasonable measures for the correction of the condition and the suitable instruction of the child.

Whoever induces or attempts to induce a child to absent himself unlawfully from school, or employs or harbors a child while school is in session, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars.

Acts of 1915, Chapter 94 (General).

Transfer Cards for Public School Pupils. — When any child required by section one of chapter forty-four of the Revised Laws, as amended by section one of chapter seven hundred and seventy-nine of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and thirteen, to attend school is being educated in any public or private school or in any institution in any city or town, and leaves such school or institution because of change of residence to another city or town in the commonwealth, the superintendent of schools, if the child attends a public school, and the person in charge, if the child attends a private school or is being educated in any institution, shall furnish to such child a transfer card giving the name of the child, his age, his grade in school, and in every case possible, the street and number of his new residence,

and shall send without delay a similar transfer card to the superintendent of schools of the city or town in which the child is to reside.

Revised Laws, Chapter 42, Section 11, amended by Acts of 1914, Chapter 590.

Public Evening Schools. Any town may, and every city or town in which there are issued during the year from September first to August thirty-first certificates authorizing the employment of twenty or more persons who do not possess the educational qualifications enumerated in section one of chapter forty-four of the Revised Laws, as amended, shall maintain during the following school year an evening school or schools for the instruction of persons over fourteen years of age in orthography, reading, writing, the English language and grammar, geography, arithmetic, industrial drawing, both free hand and mechanical, the history of the United States, physiology and hygiene and good behavior. Such other subjects may be taught in such schools as the school committee considers expedient.

Acts of 1913, Chapter 805.

Continuation Schools. - SECTION 1. When the school committee of any city or town shall have established continuation schools or courses of instruction for the education of minors between fourteen and sixteen years of age who are regularly employed in such city or town not less than six hours per day, such school committee may, with the consent of the board of education, require the attendance in such continuation schools or on such courses of instruction of every such minor thereafter receiving an employment certificate and who is not otherwise receiving instruction approved by the school committee as equivalent to that provided in schools established under the provisions of this act. The required attendance provided for in this act shall be at the rate of not less than four hours per week and shall be between the hours of eight o'clock in the morning and six o'clock in the afternoon of any working day or days. The time spent by a child in a continuation school or class shall be reckoned as a part of the time or number of hours that minors are permitted by law to work.